Topic 3 and 8 Sample Multiple Choice Questions
... In humans the blood groups A, B, AB and O are determined by three alleles of an autosomal gene: IA, IB, and i. Alleles IA and IB are codominant and allele i recessive. The phenotypes of some individuals in the pedigree below are shown. ...
... In humans the blood groups A, B, AB and O are determined by three alleles of an autosomal gene: IA, IB, and i. Alleles IA and IB are codominant and allele i recessive. The phenotypes of some individuals in the pedigree below are shown. ...
Biology Final Review
... Replication: DNA Polymerase makes a copy of DNA before the cell goes through mitosis. Transcription is when RNA polymerase makes an mRNA copy of DNA. Translation is when the mRNA leaves the nucleus and finds a ribosome because the ribosome will match tRNA to the mRNA so that amino acids (the buildin ...
... Replication: DNA Polymerase makes a copy of DNA before the cell goes through mitosis. Transcription is when RNA polymerase makes an mRNA copy of DNA. Translation is when the mRNA leaves the nucleus and finds a ribosome because the ribosome will match tRNA to the mRNA so that amino acids (the buildin ...
Day 8: Development Powerpoint
... of SRY or lack thereof A rare mutation causes the body to fail to detect the SRY signal and the fetus will become female despite being XY This is called Complete Androgen Insensitivity (CAIS) ...
... of SRY or lack thereof A rare mutation causes the body to fail to detect the SRY signal and the fetus will become female despite being XY This is called Complete Androgen Insensitivity (CAIS) ...
Plant DNA mini
... these organisms are likely to be novel and of significant biological interest. Additionally, their identification may have practical benefits, contributing to our understanding of human disease genes and providing useful tools for agricultural bioengineering. ...
... these organisms are likely to be novel and of significant biological interest. Additionally, their identification may have practical benefits, contributing to our understanding of human disease genes and providing useful tools for agricultural bioengineering. ...
Genetics Review
... place but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called ____. ...
... place but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called ____. ...
Mixed Up Species
... need to pair off evenly during meiosis. This process of cell division produces an organism’s reproductive cells (eggs for females and sperm for males). For mules, this is impossible, because they have an uneven number of chromosomes (see Interspecies Mating: Does It Add Up?, left). Even if different ...
... need to pair off evenly during meiosis. This process of cell division produces an organism’s reproductive cells (eggs for females and sperm for males). For mules, this is impossible, because they have an uneven number of chromosomes (see Interspecies Mating: Does It Add Up?, left). Even if different ...
The end of the male gene pool?
... conference in Manchester last year, half of those attending thought the Y chromosome was bound for oblivion. Hope may be at hand, though. Writing in the latest issue of Nature, Jennifer Hughes and her colleagues at the Whitehead lnstitute for Biomedical Research at MIT come out in support of the Y c ...
... conference in Manchester last year, half of those attending thought the Y chromosome was bound for oblivion. Hope may be at hand, though. Writing in the latest issue of Nature, Jennifer Hughes and her colleagues at the Whitehead lnstitute for Biomedical Research at MIT come out in support of the Y c ...
10.2: Dihybrid Crosses
... sex chromosome; come in pairs. Sex chromosomes- Come in pairs also, but there are two types, X & Y. For humans, the Y chromosome is the “determining factor” as it determines whether or not the embryo is male or female. ...
... sex chromosome; come in pairs. Sex chromosomes- Come in pairs also, but there are two types, X & Y. For humans, the Y chromosome is the “determining factor” as it determines whether or not the embryo is male or female. ...
8 Cell Division
... 1. How does bacterial reproduction differ from eukaryotic cell reproduction? How does the bacterial genome differ in structure and size from the eukaryotic genome? Which one has nucleosomes made of histone proteins? 2. Why are chromosomes copied (replicated) before cellular division? In what phase o ...
... 1. How does bacterial reproduction differ from eukaryotic cell reproduction? How does the bacterial genome differ in structure and size from the eukaryotic genome? Which one has nucleosomes made of histone proteins? 2. Why are chromosomes copied (replicated) before cellular division? In what phase o ...
Big Idea 16 : Heredity and Reproduction
... Telophase I: movement of homologous chromosomes continues until there is a haploid set at each pole. Cytokinesis : by the same mechanisms as mitosis usually occurs simultaneously ...
... Telophase I: movement of homologous chromosomes continues until there is a haploid set at each pole. Cytokinesis : by the same mechanisms as mitosis usually occurs simultaneously ...
CHAPTER 5
... of the process. No one had ever seen recombination. There was only Mendel’s model, in which recombination takes place in a “black box,” inferred indirectly by looking at the results. The first step in understanding the mechanisms of any process is to describe the physical events that occur. Understa ...
... of the process. No one had ever seen recombination. There was only Mendel’s model, in which recombination takes place in a “black box,” inferred indirectly by looking at the results. The first step in understanding the mechanisms of any process is to describe the physical events that occur. Understa ...
DNA to Proteins to Natural Selection - Cal State LA
... alters small segments of DNA, usually within a single gene b. Beneficial = increases the survival or ability of an individual to reproduce; rare; alters small segments of DNA, usually within a single gene c. Lethal = eventually leads to an individual’s death or inability to reproduce; common; alters ...
... alters small segments of DNA, usually within a single gene b. Beneficial = increases the survival or ability of an individual to reproduce; rare; alters small segments of DNA, usually within a single gene c. Lethal = eventually leads to an individual’s death or inability to reproduce; common; alters ...
Diversity
... The size of a genome may change rapidly due to horizontal transfer or fusing of genomes. The cost of replicating additional DNA must be balanced with the benefit of having genes that may lend a selective advantage. If the cell evolves to fill a new niche, losing unused genes may be advantageous. Mos ...
... The size of a genome may change rapidly due to horizontal transfer or fusing of genomes. The cost of replicating additional DNA must be balanced with the benefit of having genes that may lend a selective advantage. If the cell evolves to fill a new niche, losing unused genes may be advantageous. Mos ...
Meiosis
... All cells in your body have the SAME DNA Only genes need by that cell are expressed. Each cell only expresses the portion of the DNA containing the genetic information for the proteins required by that cell at that time. The remainder of the DNA is not expressed Example: ...
... All cells in your body have the SAME DNA Only genes need by that cell are expressed. Each cell only expresses the portion of the DNA containing the genetic information for the proteins required by that cell at that time. The remainder of the DNA is not expressed Example: ...
How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
... A female with the disorder _________________________ inherits only one X chromosome and has the genotype XO. ...
... A female with the disorder _________________________ inherits only one X chromosome and has the genotype XO. ...
PART
... 1. Germ cells (gametes) were recognized as providing genetic information to offspring. 2. Nuclei of germ cells, especially chromosomes, were suspected of being the hereditary material. 3. Meiosis: Reduction Division of Gametes (Figure 5.2) a. In all animals, each body cell has two homologous chromos ...
... 1. Germ cells (gametes) were recognized as providing genetic information to offspring. 2. Nuclei of germ cells, especially chromosomes, were suspected of being the hereditary material. 3. Meiosis: Reduction Division of Gametes (Figure 5.2) a. In all animals, each body cell has two homologous chromos ...
Study Guide D
... Diploid human cells contain how many chromosomes? 5. haploid cell: contains half the normal amount of genetic material (as in gametes, which possess only one copy of each chromosome) 6. synapsis: the physical connection of homologous pairs of chromosomes. The “glue” that holds them together is calle ...
... Diploid human cells contain how many chromosomes? 5. haploid cell: contains half the normal amount of genetic material (as in gametes, which possess only one copy of each chromosome) 6. synapsis: the physical connection of homologous pairs of chromosomes. The “glue” that holds them together is calle ...
Chapter Review
... c. environmental factors. d. uncertain dominance. Short Answer 12. Which sex chromosomes do females have? Which do males have? ...
... c. environmental factors. d. uncertain dominance. Short Answer 12. Which sex chromosomes do females have? Which do males have? ...
Chapter 11 and 12 Genetics is the scientific study of heredity
... separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. This results in the production of four genetically different haploid cells. Homologous: Each chromosome has two parts, with each part coming from the opposite parent (1/2 from mother, 1/2 from father) Diploid: A cell that contains both (di) set ...
... separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. This results in the production of four genetically different haploid cells. Homologous: Each chromosome has two parts, with each part coming from the opposite parent (1/2 from mother, 1/2 from father) Diploid: A cell that contains both (di) set ...
Frequency of Crossing over lab
... crossing over? 4. From this second small sample, calculate the map distance between the gene and centromere. 5. In what cell processes is mitosis involved? In what cell processes is meiosis involved? 6. In what type of cells does mitosis occur? In what type of cells does meiosis occur? 7. How many t ...
... crossing over? 4. From this second small sample, calculate the map distance between the gene and centromere. 5. In what cell processes is mitosis involved? In what cell processes is meiosis involved? 6. In what type of cells does mitosis occur? In what type of cells does meiosis occur? 7. How many t ...
Name_______________________ Period
... If two genes are linked on the same chromosome, we call this combination the parental combination. These genes will be transmitted as a unit and will not sort independently. However, during meiosis, crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes, and the linked genes can become “unlinked.” In g ...
... If two genes are linked on the same chromosome, we call this combination the parental combination. These genes will be transmitted as a unit and will not sort independently. However, during meiosis, crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes, and the linked genes can become “unlinked.” In g ...
Introduction to Genetics Study Guide
... Polygenic trait trait controlled by two or more genes; height is an example Epistatic gene that overshadows all other genes for a particular trait (ex-albinism) Diploid cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes (two sets) represented by 2N Haploid cell that contains only a single set of ...
... Polygenic trait trait controlled by two or more genes; height is an example Epistatic gene that overshadows all other genes for a particular trait (ex-albinism) Diploid cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes (two sets) represented by 2N Haploid cell that contains only a single set of ...
Organisms - Wiggle Works Photography
... -All growth in living organisms depends on mitosis -Cells are going to increase in either size of numbers -Used to heal wounds in either plants or animals -Cells will grow until they reach their maximum size -When this is reached the cells will divide into two cells and this process continues -Paren ...
... -All growth in living organisms depends on mitosis -Cells are going to increase in either size of numbers -Used to heal wounds in either plants or animals -Cells will grow until they reach their maximum size -When this is reached the cells will divide into two cells and this process continues -Paren ...
No Slide Title
... “Barr Body” in the nucleus. Ex: Calico Cats - only in females. A different X is inactivated in different groups of cells to produce two different colors (one from each X) Can’t happen in humans-pigment genes aren’t on the X chromosome. Do males have Barr Bodies? Down’s Syndrome - Chromosome disorder ...
... “Barr Body” in the nucleus. Ex: Calico Cats - only in females. A different X is inactivated in different groups of cells to produce two different colors (one from each X) Can’t happen in humans-pigment genes aren’t on the X chromosome. Do males have Barr Bodies? Down’s Syndrome - Chromosome disorder ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.