5` 3` 3` 5` w c A T coding or sense st template strand mRNA GA C GC
... Partitioning replicated chromosomes so that each daughter cell gets one copy of each chromosome The solution After replication of a chromosome… • hold the two sister chromatids together • target them to opposite poles • then separate the sisters ...
... Partitioning replicated chromosomes so that each daughter cell gets one copy of each chromosome The solution After replication of a chromosome… • hold the two sister chromatids together • target them to opposite poles • then separate the sisters ...
Study Guide for Test
... Be able to complete genetics problems involving sex-linked traits, complete dominance, codominance, and incomplete dominance. Know the difference between “regular” body cells and gametes (locations, functions, types, etc.) Be able to explain the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, alleles, ...
... Be able to complete genetics problems involving sex-linked traits, complete dominance, codominance, and incomplete dominance. Know the difference between “regular” body cells and gametes (locations, functions, types, etc.) Be able to explain the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, alleles, ...
Interactive Notebook Meiosis
... egg and sperm unite to begin development of a new individual. The individual receives genetic information from its mother (via the egg) and its father (via the sperm). Sexually produced offspring never are identical to either of their parents. ...
... egg and sperm unite to begin development of a new individual. The individual receives genetic information from its mother (via the egg) and its father (via the sperm). Sexually produced offspring never are identical to either of their parents. ...
Final Take-Home Exam
... b. A DNA test for Huntington's disease (HD) indicates the patient has one allele with about 50 triplet repeats and one allele with about 20 triplet repeats. 6. (12 points) A person is simultaneously heterozygous for two autosomal genetic traits. One is a recessive condition for albinism (alleles A a ...
... b. A DNA test for Huntington's disease (HD) indicates the patient has one allele with about 50 triplet repeats and one allele with about 20 triplet repeats. 6. (12 points) A person is simultaneously heterozygous for two autosomal genetic traits. One is a recessive condition for albinism (alleles A a ...
The first midterm will consist of 20 four
... 8) The gene defect for both Huntington's Disease and Fragile-X syndrome consists of a) a series of repeated nucleotide sequences b) a mispairing of base pairs c) a major deletion of an important segment of a gene d) a metabolic block 9) RNA is synthesized from the DNA template during a) transc ...
... 8) The gene defect for both Huntington's Disease and Fragile-X syndrome consists of a) a series of repeated nucleotide sequences b) a mispairing of base pairs c) a major deletion of an important segment of a gene d) a metabolic block 9) RNA is synthesized from the DNA template during a) transc ...
AP Bio Ch. 15 Chromosomal basis of
... located on the X chromosome, one for black, and one for orange. Females can inherit two X chromosomes and both alleles, but males can only inherit one of the ...
... located on the X chromosome, one for black, and one for orange. Females can inherit two X chromosomes and both alleles, but males can only inherit one of the ...
Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes in that they both result in
... There are two major differences between mitosis and meiosis. First, meiosis involves not one, but two cell divisions. Second, meiosis leads to the production of germ cells, which are cells that give rise to gametes. Germ cells are different from somatic cells in a critical way. Whereas somatic cells ...
... There are two major differences between mitosis and meiosis. First, meiosis involves not one, but two cell divisions. Second, meiosis leads to the production of germ cells, which are cells that give rise to gametes. Germ cells are different from somatic cells in a critical way. Whereas somatic cells ...
BSC 1010 Exam 3 Study Guide
... 3. Chromosome Theory Exceptions • Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own genomes • traits controlled by these genes do not follow the chromosomal theory of inheritance • Maternal inheritance: 4. Genetic Mapping • The science of determining the location of a gene on a chromosome • Based on the ...
... 3. Chromosome Theory Exceptions • Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own genomes • traits controlled by these genes do not follow the chromosomal theory of inheritance • Maternal inheritance: 4. Genetic Mapping • The science of determining the location of a gene on a chromosome • Based on the ...
Lesson Overview
... Why would an allele that causes a disease stay in the population if it is fatal to those who have the disease? The allele makes the heterozygote resistant to a fatal disease. ...
... Why would an allele that causes a disease stay in the population if it is fatal to those who have the disease? The allele makes the heterozygote resistant to a fatal disease. ...
Q1. In humans, the sex chromosomes X and Y determine whether
... For many years scientists studied the organisms in an area of grassland. One of the animals was a species of black fly. In this population only one allele B existed for colour. All the flies were homozygous BB. A mutation occurred which produced a new recessive allele b which could produce a green ...
... For many years scientists studied the organisms in an area of grassland. One of the animals was a species of black fly. In this population only one allele B existed for colour. All the flies were homozygous BB. A mutation occurred which produced a new recessive allele b which could produce a green ...
Chapter 3 – Cell Structure and Function
... Sex-linked Trait: a trait carried on the X sex chromosome. Males only get one X, if that X has the trait it will be expressed. If a female inherits one X with trait she is a carrier; if she gets 2 Xs with trait it will be expressed. Ex: Color-blindness – normal color vision is dominant, if recessive ...
... Sex-linked Trait: a trait carried on the X sex chromosome. Males only get one X, if that X has the trait it will be expressed. If a female inherits one X with trait she is a carrier; if she gets 2 Xs with trait it will be expressed. Ex: Color-blindness – normal color vision is dominant, if recessive ...
101 -- 2006
... a) from the poles of the cell toward the metaphase plate. b) from the metaphase plate toward the poles. c) toward the nuclear envelope. d) along with their sister chromatids toward one pole. e) along with the other member of the homologous pair toward the metaphase plate. __ 54. The microtubules of ...
... a) from the poles of the cell toward the metaphase plate. b) from the metaphase plate toward the poles. c) toward the nuclear envelope. d) along with their sister chromatids toward one pole. e) along with the other member of the homologous pair toward the metaphase plate. __ 54. The microtubules of ...
Section 12.1 Summary – pages 309
... least some degree of mental retardation. • The incidence of Down syndrome births is higher in older mothers, especially those over ...
... least some degree of mental retardation. • The incidence of Down syndrome births is higher in older mothers, especially those over ...
Haploid (__)
... Human genetic traits In humans there are ____chromosomes= __________genes there are problems in studying human genes ...
... Human genetic traits In humans there are ____chromosomes= __________genes there are problems in studying human genes ...
UNIT 4 PART 2 APPLIED GENETICS
... UNIT 4 PART 2: APPLIED GENETICS • Sexual reproduction brings about variation. • The offspring are genetically different from either parent. • Genetic variation allows a species to adapt to a changing environment. This can lead to evolution of the species. • Most variation is the result of segregatio ...
... UNIT 4 PART 2: APPLIED GENETICS • Sexual reproduction brings about variation. • The offspring are genetically different from either parent. • Genetic variation allows a species to adapt to a changing environment. This can lead to evolution of the species. • Most variation is the result of segregatio ...
In a cell, (nuclear) DNA is enclosed in the nucleus. Division of the
... 2. Division of the nucleus, called mitosis, occurs before division of the cytoplasm, called cytokinesis. 3. The important roles of cell division—in particular, mitosis—are reproduction, growth and development, and tissue renewal. 4. The two parts of the cell cycle are interphase and mitotic phase. D ...
... 2. Division of the nucleus, called mitosis, occurs before division of the cytoplasm, called cytokinesis. 3. The important roles of cell division—in particular, mitosis—are reproduction, growth and development, and tissue renewal. 4. The two parts of the cell cycle are interphase and mitotic phase. D ...
Bio 101 Study Guide Lecture Exam 3
... Chapter 8 – The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance • Be familiar with the following terms: binary fission chromosome chromatin sister chromatids centromere mitotic spindle microtubule metaphase plate somatic cell gamete autosome sex chromosome gene locus diploid haploid zygote fertilizat ...
... Chapter 8 – The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance • Be familiar with the following terms: binary fission chromosome chromatin sister chromatids centromere mitotic spindle microtubule metaphase plate somatic cell gamete autosome sex chromosome gene locus diploid haploid zygote fertilizat ...
Reproduction and Genetics Notes
... 9. Meiosis: a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number, which results in the production of sex cells. a. Peoples normal diploid body cell has 46 chromosomes (two sets of 23) b. Peoples normal haploid sex cells have 23 chromosomes c. Don’t ...
... 9. Meiosis: a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number, which results in the production of sex cells. a. Peoples normal diploid body cell has 46 chromosomes (two sets of 23) b. Peoples normal haploid sex cells have 23 chromosomes c. Don’t ...
fall final study guide
... c. The phenotype cannot be determined. When sperm and egg cells fuse during fertilization, the resulting offspring has two _______________ for each trait. ...
... c. The phenotype cannot be determined. When sperm and egg cells fuse during fertilization, the resulting offspring has two _______________ for each trait. ...
Biology~Chapter 12
... At the end of DNA replication, each of the daughter molecules has one old strand and one new strand. This explains why DNA replication is described as _____________. ...
... At the end of DNA replication, each of the daughter molecules has one old strand and one new strand. This explains why DNA replication is described as _____________. ...
Poster III
... To estimate the values of the parameters a, b, c, d, e, f : • We start with the coarsest level and generate two random subpopulations of chromosomes that correspond to points in the affineparameter search space. • Each chromosome has 6 genes, each gene is 7 bits, and each subpopulation contains 8 ch ...
... To estimate the values of the parameters a, b, c, d, e, f : • We start with the coarsest level and generate two random subpopulations of chromosomes that correspond to points in the affineparameter search space. • Each chromosome has 6 genes, each gene is 7 bits, and each subpopulation contains 8 ch ...
Cross-dressing or Crossing-over: Sex Testing of Women Athletes
... Regular menstrual cycle: Never ...
... Regular menstrual cycle: Never ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.