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Mendel and His Peas
Mendel and His Peas

... A pedigree chart shows an autosomal disease if there is a 50/50 ratio between men and women inheriting disease. An autosomal recessive disorder means two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop. ...
10.1 filled in notes CD
10.1 filled in notes CD

... Each new cells will function in the same way as the cells that they replace. ...


... IRF2] spanning the chromosomal segments listed below. These intervals include numerous OMIM annotated genes*, that may contribute to the patient phenotype. The presence of both a significant terminal gain and significant terminal loss in a different chromosome in the same analysis suggests that the ...
germ cells - De Anza College
germ cells - De Anza College

... • A karyotype is an arrangement of chromosomes • Chromosomes can be compared based on size, shape, and centromere location • The karyotype at right shows the 23 pairs of human chromosomes ...
Biology Final Exam Review
Biology Final Exam Review

... Number of Phases ...
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Intro

... 3 possible genotypes for SNPs, typically more for microsatellites and VNTRs The two alleles are the same ...
File
File

... i. A heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic ii. Estimated 30,000 genes which you have and are organized into chromosomes 1. One gene and one polypeptide – each protein synthesized in the body originates from one particular section of DNA on a chromosome, this is a gene (can be seve ...
Flip Folder 5 KEY - Madison County Schools
Flip Folder 5 KEY - Madison County Schools

... assortment means that each homologous pair lines up independently of the others. (For example, they could line up as follows: 12 34 or 12 43)  Difference from mitosis: Mitosis = Centromeres, Sister Chromatids, or Chromosomes in middle Meiosis = Tetrads, Homologous Chromosomes in the middle iii. Ana ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm so that proteins can be made. ...
Part 1 – Genetics 101
Part 1 – Genetics 101

... Velocardiofacial- missing segment in individuals with VCFS is 22q11.2. Fragile X- caused by mutation in the FMR1 gene Cri du chat- 5p syndrome- deletion of p arm of chromosome 5 ...
Chapter 5 Gases
Chapter 5 Gases

... Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants ...
Name - Humble ISD
Name - Humble ISD

... 1. Nondisjunction - Abnormal numbers of chromosomes in _gametes________ result in genetic disorders called _number disorders_____. This must often is a result of _nondisjunction___, which means _”not coming apart”___. In nondisjunction, a chromosome pair fails to separate correctly in _anaphase_____ ...
Ch2. Genome Organization and Evolution
Ch2. Genome Organization and Evolution

... of Genetic Information • Three types of maps have been essential – Linkage maps of genes • Classically determined by observed patterns of heredity. • The unit of length in a gene map is the Morgan. • 1 cM~1% recombination frequency~1x106 bp in humans ...
Inheritance Principles and Human Genetics
Inheritance Principles and Human Genetics

... Sex-linked – Traits coded for by an allele on a sex chromosome – Could be on X or Y chromosome – More X-linked genes because X is much larger – If male carries a recessive allele on the X chromosome, it will exhibit the trait  Ex. ...
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview

... In males, a defective allele for any of these genes results in colorblindness, an inability to distinguish certain colors. The most common form, red-green colorblindness, occurs in about 1 in 12 males. Among females, however, colorblindness affects only about 1 in 200. In order for a recessive allel ...
rep_ and dev
rep_ and dev

... Makes an exact copy of Itself by dividing. All living things depend on Mitosis to create new cells And to grow – Very important We make new skin, hair etc. ...
rep_ and dev
rep_ and dev

... Makes an exact copy of Itself by dividing. All living things depend on Mitosis to create new cells And to grow – Very important We make new skin, hair etc. ...
10 Genetics and evolution
10 Genetics and evolution

... characteristics. In the case of a male (XY), the unpaired of the Y chromosome are all expressed in the male. The alleles on the short Y chromosome are mostly concerned with male structures and male functions. However, there are some recessive, genetically inherited conditions caused by recessive all ...
Molecular Cell Biology Prof. D. Karunagaran Department of
Molecular Cell Biology Prof. D. Karunagaran Department of

... Heterochromatin is present in many locations along chromosomes but more than ten percent of the genome is highly concentrated in specific regions, most notably at the centromeres and telomeres ...
Cells and Tissues
Cells and Tissues

... • Crossing over. Mixes up the traits on each chromosome. • Independent assortment. You have 46 chromatids. ½ go to each new cell in Meiosis 1 and again in Meiosis II. No one knows which chromatids will go to which cell. ...
Name: Genetics 314 – Spring, 2008 Exam 3 – 100 points 1. You
Name: Genetics 314 – Spring, 2008 Exam 3 – 100 points 1. You

... Exam 3 – 100 points 1. You have been hired by a molecular genetics company and are working in a division that uses siRNA technology to prevent expression of specific genes in eukaryotes to determine the function of specific gene products (proteins) in a cell. a. The first protein you target is histo ...
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering

... (1.) bacterial cells that are unable to synthesize insulin (2.) human cells that are able to synthesize antibodies (3.) bacterial cells that are able to synthesize insulin (4.) human cells that are unable to resist antibiotics 2. What is this process an example of? ...
Mendel`s Genetics
Mendel`s Genetics

... • Meiosis 1 results in two haploid (N) daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. 6. Metaphase 2: • The chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis. 7. Anaphase 2: • The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cel ...
Honors Biology Chapter 12 Notes 12.1 Pedigrees A diagram that
Honors Biology Chapter 12 Notes 12.1 Pedigrees A diagram that

... Recessive genetic disorder characterized by the inability of the body to digest galactose Dominant Genetic Disorders ...
File
File

... traits would always appear together or if they would be expressed independently of each other 2. Mendel discovered phenotypic ratio in F2 generation as always____________regardless of combination traits he used 3. Mendel’s dihybrid crosses led to his second law,______________________________________ ...
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Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
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