Telecommunications in small economies: the impact of liberalization
... According to Gal (2003a) smallness affects the three main contributors to social welfare which comprise allocative, productive, and dynamic efficiency. Whereas competition policy in small economies should be based on the support and promotion of efficiency, policy makers, agencies and courts often o ...
... According to Gal (2003a) smallness affects the three main contributors to social welfare which comprise allocative, productive, and dynamic efficiency. Whereas competition policy in small economies should be based on the support and promotion of efficiency, policy makers, agencies and courts often o ...
PDF
... from centrally planned to market economies during the early 1990s. Murphy, Shleifer, and Vishny and Boycko have provided analysis of the reform process for these planned economies that highlights problems of policy uncertainty, timing, partial government ownership, and other factors that led to the ...
... from centrally planned to market economies during the early 1990s. Murphy, Shleifer, and Vishny and Boycko have provided analysis of the reform process for these planned economies that highlights problems of policy uncertainty, timing, partial government ownership, and other factors that led to the ...
globalisation and convergence
... We reach four tentative conclusions about the relationship of “globalisation” and “convergence.” (1) The first era of globalization--the coming of the era in which staples could be ...
... We reach four tentative conclusions about the relationship of “globalisation” and “convergence.” (1) The first era of globalization--the coming of the era in which staples could be ...
Unemployment dynamics and NAIRU estimates for Accession countries: a univariate approach
... criteria will imply in‡ation rates in line with the 2% European Central Bank rate. Due to the real adjustment process involved, further employment destruction may be expected. In order to implement EU level policy measures to address the social problems associated, knowledge about the structural rat ...
... criteria will imply in‡ation rates in line with the 2% European Central Bank rate. Due to the real adjustment process involved, further employment destruction may be expected. In order to implement EU level policy measures to address the social problems associated, knowledge about the structural rat ...
Trade-offs between democracy and growth
... autocrat. He also believed that the populist problem of democracies can be dealt with by introducing constitutions that require supermajorities for certain government actions (2000). Sen (1999) argued that comparative studies that are now available suggest that there is no relation between economic ...
... autocrat. He also believed that the populist problem of democracies can be dealt with by introducing constitutions that require supermajorities for certain government actions (2000). Sen (1999) argued that comparative studies that are now available suggest that there is no relation between economic ...
Real Unit Labour Costs in Eurozone Countries: Drivers and
... the growth model in the periphery and core European countries. This hypothesis gets some initial support from a descriptive analysis showing that the periphery economies have mainly relied on capital intensification to counterbalance their otherwise smaller increase in wages. Increases in capital in ...
... the growth model in the periphery and core European countries. This hypothesis gets some initial support from a descriptive analysis showing that the periphery economies have mainly relied on capital intensification to counterbalance their otherwise smaller increase in wages. Increases in capital in ...
View/Open
... 75% of world sugar exports are controlled by 10 exporters, of which the top four exporters account for in excess of 50% of the export market (Scollay 2002.). In the past, some sugar economies experienced economic buoyancy due to high prices and increased demand for sugar. But the high levels of prof ...
... 75% of world sugar exports are controlled by 10 exporters, of which the top four exporters account for in excess of 50% of the export market (Scollay 2002.). In the past, some sugar economies experienced economic buoyancy due to high prices and increased demand for sugar. But the high levels of prof ...
Wage and Wage Norm
... the process of large scale privatisation unemployment rates closer to 20 per cent of the active labour force (not counting retreat from the labour force by female workers) as evidenced in East Germany seem quite probable. The above mentioned four concerns could be amended by others. On the macroeco ...
... the process of large scale privatisation unemployment rates closer to 20 per cent of the active labour force (not counting retreat from the labour force by female workers) as evidenced in East Germany seem quite probable. The above mentioned four concerns could be amended by others. On the macroeco ...
Democracy and Development: New Insights from Dynagraphs
... $11,000 from 1965 to 1995, during which it moved twice from dictatorship to democracy. Also unlike the other cases, Argentina’s second (and lasting) move to democracy in 1983 was followed by a decline in real GDP/cap, which fell below $8,000 in 1990. The path of Argentina in democracy/development sp ...
... $11,000 from 1965 to 1995, during which it moved twice from dictatorship to democracy. Also unlike the other cases, Argentina’s second (and lasting) move to democracy in 1983 was followed by a decline in real GDP/cap, which fell below $8,000 in 1990. The path of Argentina in democracy/development sp ...
Sachs and Warner_1995_Development Economics
... developing third world which aimed for a middle way between the first two. The third world was characterized not only by its low levels of per capita GDP, but also by a distinctive economic system that assigned the state sector the predominant role in industrialization, although not the monopoly on ...
... developing third world which aimed for a middle way between the first two. The third world was characterized not only by its low levels of per capita GDP, but also by a distinctive economic system that assigned the state sector the predominant role in industrialization, although not the monopoly on ...
eprgwork in gpaper - Energy Policy Research Group
... process in the TECs8. The oil shocks of the 1970s led to soaring foreign debt, huge budget deficits and high inflation forcing the government of the state‐led model in the TECs to implement economy wide structural adjustment programs in mitigating the macroeconomic and fiscal crisis. The p ...
... process in the TECs8. The oil shocks of the 1970s led to soaring foreign debt, huge budget deficits and high inflation forcing the government of the state‐led model in the TECs to implement economy wide structural adjustment programs in mitigating the macroeconomic and fiscal crisis. The p ...
Energy Efficiency in Market versus Planned Economies: Evidence
... institutions to support and nurture the functioning of the market driven reforms (Svejnar, 2002). Thus, market reforms incorporated aspects such as the expansion of competitive markets in all sectors of the economy, wide spread private ownership, adoption of app ...
... institutions to support and nurture the functioning of the market driven reforms (Svejnar, 2002). Thus, market reforms incorporated aspects such as the expansion of competitive markets in all sectors of the economy, wide spread private ownership, adoption of app ...
Gagner Casino En Ligne - Better Advances Press
... assistance aimed primarily to support market reforms and private capital flows. Official assistance has been provided by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the form of foreign aids, grants, and loans. The private flows including foreign direct investment (FDI) and intern ...
... assistance aimed primarily to support market reforms and private capital flows. Official assistance has been provided by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the form of foreign aids, grants, and loans. The private flows including foreign direct investment (FDI) and intern ...
Cambridge Working Papers in Economics
... institutions to support and nurture the functioning of the market driven reforms (Svejnar, 2002). Thus, market reforms incorporated aspects such as the expansion of competitive markets in all sectors of the economy, wide spread private ownership, adoption of app ...
... institutions to support and nurture the functioning of the market driven reforms (Svejnar, 2002). Thus, market reforms incorporated aspects such as the expansion of competitive markets in all sectors of the economy, wide spread private ownership, adoption of app ...
Comparing Apples: Normalcy, Russia, and the
... Shleifer and Treisman also persuasively argue that Russia’s underground economy grew substantially during the transition period. While it is not possible to document this directly, they present data on electricity consumption on the grounds that production uses electricity whether it is underground ...
... Shleifer and Treisman also persuasively argue that Russia’s underground economy grew substantially during the transition period. While it is not possible to document this directly, they present data on electricity consumption on the grounds that production uses electricity whether it is underground ...
SHADOW ECONOMIES_forthcoming_ITax
... maximum business freedom (negative sign expected); (2) Economic freedom: Heritage Foundation economic freedom index which ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 is least economic freedom and 100 maximum economic freedom (negative sign expected); (3) Regulatory quality: World Bank´s regulatory quality index i ...
... maximum business freedom (negative sign expected); (2) Economic freedom: Heritage Foundation economic freedom index which ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 is least economic freedom and 100 maximum economic freedom (negative sign expected); (3) Regulatory quality: World Bank´s regulatory quality index i ...
Formal and informal economies
... the prospect of new economic opportunities and a better quality of life (Mingione, 1996). There are thousands of street vendors in all the mega-cities and they are one of the clearest indications that capitalism does not need to be taught or that the poor and the migrants can be entrepreneurs withou ...
... the prospect of new economic opportunities and a better quality of life (Mingione, 1996). There are thousands of street vendors in all the mega-cities and they are one of the clearest indications that capitalism does not need to be taught or that the poor and the migrants can be entrepreneurs withou ...
Alternative fiscal rules for the new eu member states
... presence of quasi-fiscal net liabilities (i.e. future, often contingent, and extrabudgetary net liabilities, difficult to assess) make the picture less comfortable than it seems, but this is no obstacle to the fulfillment of the condition. The flow constraint, of 3% maximum fiscal deficit as a share ...
... presence of quasi-fiscal net liabilities (i.e. future, often contingent, and extrabudgetary net liabilities, difficult to assess) make the picture less comfortable than it seems, but this is no obstacle to the fulfillment of the condition. The flow constraint, of 3% maximum fiscal deficit as a share ...
34 BENDE BRUYN
... from their services sector. The share of the industrial sector in GDP decreased in Japan, Hong Kong, China and Macao, China, and remained largely stable in China and the Republic of Korea. With the exception of Mongolia, which is promoting agricultural output in an effort to diversify the economy an ...
... from their services sector. The share of the industrial sector in GDP decreased in Japan, Hong Kong, China and Macao, China, and remained largely stable in China and the Republic of Korea. With the exception of Mongolia, which is promoting agricultural output in an effort to diversify the economy an ...
The increasing importance of developing countries in the global
... inequality (e.g. poverty rates and Gini coefficients). Trade flows of developing economies are also explored, focusing on the enhanced export opportunities for least-developed countries as a result of the trade opening of large, dynamic developing economies. In terms of terminology, grouping countri ...
... inequality (e.g. poverty rates and Gini coefficients). Trade flows of developing economies are also explored, focusing on the enhanced export opportunities for least-developed countries as a result of the trade opening of large, dynamic developing economies. In terms of terminology, grouping countri ...
World Trade Report - 2014 - Yale Center for the Study of Globalization
... inequality (e.g. poverty rates and Gini coefficients). Trade flows of developing economies are also explored, focusing on the enhanced export opportunities for least-developed countries as a result of the trade opening of large, dynamic developing economies. In terms of terminology, grouping countri ...
... inequality (e.g. poverty rates and Gini coefficients). Trade flows of developing economies are also explored, focusing on the enhanced export opportunities for least-developed countries as a result of the trade opening of large, dynamic developing economies. In terms of terminology, grouping countri ...
two centuries of convergence?
... groups, by high prices of investment goods and low rates of real investment, by low levels of education, by high population growth, low values of openness on the Sachs & Warner (SW) index, low trade-to-GDP ratios, and low growth of the working age relative to total population. All these are powerful ...
... groups, by high prices of investment goods and low rates of real investment, by low levels of education, by high population growth, low values of openness on the Sachs & Warner (SW) index, low trade-to-GDP ratios, and low growth of the working age relative to total population. All these are powerful ...
World in 2050
... Russia could overtake Germany to become the largest European economy before 2020 in PPP terms and by around 2035 at market exchange rates. Emerging economies such as Mexico and Indonesia could be larger than the UK and France by 2050, and Turkey larger than Italy. Outside the G20, Vietnam, Malaysia ...
... Russia could overtake Germany to become the largest European economy before 2020 in PPP terms and by around 2035 at market exchange rates. Emerging economies such as Mexico and Indonesia could be larger than the UK and France by 2050, and Turkey larger than Italy. Outside the G20, Vietnam, Malaysia ...
Economic Growth in Croatia: Potential and Constraints
... by fundamentals and therefore can be considered sustainable, and to what extent it has been driven by temporary factors. Structural reforms related to the transition process since the mid-1990s and to EU harmonization more recently, as well as macroeconomic adjustment to safeguard economic stability ...
... by fundamentals and therefore can be considered sustainable, and to what extent it has been driven by temporary factors. Structural reforms related to the transition process since the mid-1990s and to EU harmonization more recently, as well as macroeconomic adjustment to safeguard economic stability ...
World in 2050
... Russia could overtake Germany to become the largest European economy before 2020 in PPP terms and by around 2035 at market exchange rates. Emerging economies such as Mexico and Indonesia could be larger than the UK and France by 2050, and Turkey larger than Italy. Outside the G20, Vietnam, Malaysia ...
... Russia could overtake Germany to become the largest European economy before 2020 in PPP terms and by around 2035 at market exchange rates. Emerging economies such as Mexico and Indonesia could be larger than the UK and France by 2050, and Turkey larger than Italy. Outside the G20, Vietnam, Malaysia ...