Latin America’s Decade of Development-less Growth Ernesto Talvi
... Middle East and North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa all display a similar pattern to Figure 2a.6 Only Asia differs markedly from this pattern. On the one hand, China and India have seen exponential convergence since the late 1990s (see Figure 2 panels g-h), while the rest of emerging Asia has exper ...
... Middle East and North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa all display a similar pattern to Figure 2a.6 Only Asia differs markedly from this pattern. On the one hand, China and India have seen exponential convergence since the late 1990s (see Figure 2 panels g-h), while the rest of emerging Asia has exper ...
Achieving Capital Account Convertibility in China
... Both optimists and pessimists agree that further reforms are necessary to sustain China’s rapid economic growth. There is also a consensus on some necessary reforms, such as strengthening the ability to innovate, further liberalizing the markets, maintaining macroeconomic stability and improving ex ...
... Both optimists and pessimists agree that further reforms are necessary to sustain China’s rapid economic growth. There is also a consensus on some necessary reforms, such as strengthening the ability to innovate, further liberalizing the markets, maintaining macroeconomic stability and improving ex ...
World Economic Situation Prospects
... failed to create a sufficient number of jobs to close the gap in the employment rate (employment-to-population ratio) that opened up during the global financial crisis. The employment gap is estimated to reach 63.2 million in 2015 (figure I.4). The average rate of job creation has slowed to about 1. ...
... failed to create a sufficient number of jobs to close the gap in the employment rate (employment-to-population ratio) that opened up during the global financial crisis. The employment gap is estimated to reach 63.2 million in 2015 (figure I.4). The average rate of job creation has slowed to about 1. ...
031909a
... including from the operation of automatic stabilizers, are estimated to be large. Discretionary fiscal stimulus being provided by G-20 countries is sizeable, but falls short of the 2 percent of aggregate GDP in 2009 and 2010 recommended by the Fund, particularly in 2010. Given the likely protracted ...
... including from the operation of automatic stabilizers, are estimated to be large. Discretionary fiscal stimulus being provided by G-20 countries is sizeable, but falls short of the 2 percent of aggregate GDP in 2009 and 2010 recommended by the Fund, particularly in 2010. Given the likely protracted ...
World Economic Outlook, October 2000
... The outlook for the global economy has continued to strengthen, with GDP growth projected to increase in all major regions of the world. This improvement has been led by the continued strength of the U.S. economy, a robust expansion in Europe, and a nascent—albeit still fragile— recovery in Japan. I ...
... The outlook for the global economy has continued to strengthen, with GDP growth projected to increase in all major regions of the world. This improvement has been led by the continued strength of the U.S. economy, a robust expansion in Europe, and a nascent—albeit still fragile— recovery in Japan. I ...
Politics of Banking Reform and Development in the Post
... among firms. A more complete answer would also examine the effects of heterogeneity among incumbent firms and market entrants. In a theoretical model of spatial competition with cost asymmetries, Aghion and Schankerman (2004) analyse the impact of policies that increase competition among firms. The ...
... among firms. A more complete answer would also examine the effects of heterogeneity among incumbent firms and market entrants. In a theoretical model of spatial competition with cost asymmetries, Aghion and Schankerman (2004) analyse the impact of policies that increase competition among firms. The ...
Document
... In mid-2005 Serbia is, explicitly or implicitly, still subsidizing 75 large socially owned loss-making companies, which employ around 150,000 workers. In addition, the government is adamantly keeping control over public enterprises and public utilities (600,000 employees), which gives a totalof arou ...
... In mid-2005 Serbia is, explicitly or implicitly, still subsidizing 75 large socially owned loss-making companies, which employ around 150,000 workers. In addition, the government is adamantly keeping control over public enterprises and public utilities (600,000 employees), which gives a totalof arou ...
Chapter 2 ECONOMIC DIVERSITY IN ASIA
... instead from the four NIAEs, as well as the ASEAN-4. Essentially driven by market forces, a hierarchical trade and investment structure developed in the dynamic sub-groups of economies over the last three decades in Asia, which expanded both intra-regional trade and investment, in turn integrating t ...
... instead from the four NIAEs, as well as the ASEAN-4. Essentially driven by market forces, a hierarchical trade and investment structure developed in the dynamic sub-groups of economies over the last three decades in Asia, which expanded both intra-regional trade and investment, in turn integrating t ...
The `Great Divide` and the Political Economy
... by high cost incumbents that would clearly lose from the adoption of competition enhancing policies. Moreover, the losses would fall not only on those that owned and controlled these enterprises, but also on their employees. The misallocation of resources under planning relative to what would have o ...
... by high cost incumbents that would clearly lose from the adoption of competition enhancing policies. Moreover, the losses would fall not only on those that owned and controlled these enterprises, but also on their employees. The misallocation of resources under planning relative to what would have o ...
From the Malthusian regime to the demographic transition
... There are several factors that have crucial effects on fertility levels and their trends. Several authors have studied the relationship between fertility, population and economic growth and its consequences for development and well-being. Recent literature considers the mortality rate as an endogeno ...
... There are several factors that have crucial effects on fertility levels and their trends. Several authors have studied the relationship between fertility, population and economic growth and its consequences for development and well-being. Recent literature considers the mortality rate as an endogeno ...
growth rate - Karlstads universitet
... economic growth. As an example, economic growth slowed throughout the entire world during the 1970s. Using growth accounting methods, economists typically found the slowdown could not be attributed to changes in the quality or quantity of labor inputs or to capital deepening. Either a slowdown in te ...
... economic growth. As an example, economic growth slowed throughout the entire world during the 1970s. Using growth accounting methods, economists typically found the slowdown could not be attributed to changes in the quality or quantity of labor inputs or to capital deepening. Either a slowdown in te ...
Economic reform and institutional change in Central Asia: towards a
... policies, protect property rights, and enforce the rules of market exchange.1 Within a nondemocratic context, such “capable states” (World Bank, 1997) do not frequently occur. In the political-economy literature, the notion of a non-democratic, though capable state is often associated with the conce ...
... policies, protect property rights, and enforce the rules of market exchange.1 Within a nondemocratic context, such “capable states” (World Bank, 1997) do not frequently occur. In the political-economy literature, the notion of a non-democratic, though capable state is often associated with the conce ...
Ch32 Macroeconomic Policy Around the World Multiple Choice
... Multiple Choice Questions 1. In what way is each and every one of the economies of the more than 200 countries of the ...
... Multiple Choice Questions 1. In what way is each and every one of the economies of the more than 200 countries of the ...
A survey of the world economy September 16th 2006
... economy. The developing countries also have a far greater inuence on the performance of the rich economies than is generally realised. Emerging economies are driving global growth and having a big impact on developed countries’ ination, interest rates, wages and prots. As these newcomers become m ...
... economy. The developing countries also have a far greater inuence on the performance of the rich economies than is generally realised. Emerging economies are driving global growth and having a big impact on developed countries’ ination, interest rates, wages and prots. As these newcomers become m ...
Why Has Russia’s Economic Transformation Been So Arduous?
... commodities at the fixed state prices from “their” state enterprises through their private trading firms. They acquired export quotas and licenses through connections in the foreign trade administration and sold abroad at the world market price. The total export rents were no less than $24 billion ...
... commodities at the fixed state prices from “their” state enterprises through their private trading firms. They acquired export quotas and licenses through connections in the foreign trade administration and sold abroad at the world market price. The total export rents were no less than $24 billion ...
Macroeconomics in developing countries
... difference is embedded in differences in stylized facts about the two sets of economies: limited Iabour and unlimited capitaI in industrialized countries, as compared with limited capitaI and unlimited Iabour in developing countries. Ihis reality has, to some extent, changed over time. And the incre ...
... difference is embedded in differences in stylized facts about the two sets of economies: limited Iabour and unlimited capitaI in industrialized countries, as compared with limited capitaI and unlimited Iabour in developing countries. Ihis reality has, to some extent, changed over time. And the incre ...
Public Finances and Economic Transition
... and Eastern Europe and the FSU has profoundly affected public finances. As noted by many, solving the public finances crisis associated with the onset of economic transformation has been one of the main tasks that have confronted policy makers. A close association between success in public sector de ...
... and Eastern Europe and the FSU has profoundly affected public finances. As noted by many, solving the public finances crisis associated with the onset of economic transformation has been one of the main tasks that have confronted policy makers. A close association between success in public sector de ...
Capital markets and capital Economics of Transition Volume 12 (4) 2004, 593–634
... investment. This information facilitates the rapid flow of capital to its highest value uses. In contrast, stock prices in low-income countries tend to move up and down en masse, and thus are of scant use for microeconomic capital allocation. Some transition economy markets are coming to resemble th ...
... investment. This information facilitates the rapid flow of capital to its highest value uses. In contrast, stock prices in low-income countries tend to move up and down en masse, and thus are of scant use for microeconomic capital allocation. Some transition economy markets are coming to resemble th ...
Explaining Differences in Economic Performance in the Caribbean
... Despite the existence of common challenges the fact is that some small economies do better than others. In any case we share the view that size in itself is not a sufficient explanatory factor for economic performance. This is borne out in the literature on country experiences such as by Armstrong a ...
... Despite the existence of common challenges the fact is that some small economies do better than others. In any case we share the view that size in itself is not a sufficient explanatory factor for economic performance. This is borne out in the literature on country experiences such as by Armstrong a ...
Explaining Differences in Economic
... 2. Explanations of Economic Performance A brief review of the literature on growth theory suggests that there is still much debate on what might be the most relevant theory in the case of small economies. Mueller (1994) and Read (2001) are among those who argue that endogenous growth theory holds t ...
... 2. Explanations of Economic Performance A brief review of the literature on growth theory suggests that there is still much debate on what might be the most relevant theory in the case of small economies. Mueller (1994) and Read (2001) are among those who argue that endogenous growth theory holds t ...
1. Global Depth and the Big Shift
... factors behind the stalled recovery, some explanation is in order: what exactly is meant here by the depth of globalization? The depth of globalization measures how much of a country’s activities or flows are international versus domestic by comparing the size of its international flows with relevan ...
... factors behind the stalled recovery, some explanation is in order: what exactly is meant here by the depth of globalization? The depth of globalization measures how much of a country’s activities or flows are international versus domestic by comparing the size of its international flows with relevan ...
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... equally. Real income fell in the first year after the introduction of the reforms for nearly all of the socioeconomic groups for which information is available. However, it is apparent from examining simple partitions of households that the reform impact varied for different population segments. Tab ...
... equally. Real income fell in the first year after the introduction of the reforms for nearly all of the socioeconomic groups for which information is available. However, it is apparent from examining simple partitions of households that the reform impact varied for different population segments. Tab ...
Macroeconomic Policies, Income Inequality and Poverty: Uzbekistan, 1991-2002
... retained an active role in large enterprises. While most consumption subsidies were cancelled quickly, production subsidies to state enterprises were kept in place through direct budget support, cheap credit from government-controlled banks or access to low-cost foreign exchange; ...
... retained an active role in large enterprises. While most consumption subsidies were cancelled quickly, production subsidies to state enterprises were kept in place through direct budget support, cheap credit from government-controlled banks or access to low-cost foreign exchange; ...
E Economic and Social Council United Nations
... Taken together, the slowdown in China and weak global economic growth have had a particularly strong impact on commodity-dependent economies. Global commodity prices have declined to levels last seen at the time of the global financial and economic crisis of 2008, with the most dramatic reductions i ...
... Taken together, the slowdown in China and weak global economic growth have had a particularly strong impact on commodity-dependent economies. Global commodity prices have declined to levels last seen at the time of the global financial and economic crisis of 2008, with the most dramatic reductions i ...
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... of the former Soviet Union. Turning to the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe for 1990–93 and including the Johnson et. al. Figures, Hungary has the largest shadow economy with 30.7 percent of GDP followed by Bulgaria with 26.3 percent. The lowest two are the Czech Republic with 13.4 ...
... of the former Soviet Union. Turning to the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe for 1990–93 and including the Johnson et. al. Figures, Hungary has the largest shadow economy with 30.7 percent of GDP followed by Bulgaria with 26.3 percent. The lowest two are the Czech Republic with 13.4 ...