Occ asiOnal PaPer series
... institutions, the extent of market reforms and macroeconomic policies, between the initial level of GDP and subsequent growth. However, while this result is generally robust across different specifications, it is not supported by all methods used. The quality of institutions seems to play an importa ...
... institutions, the extent of market reforms and macroeconomic policies, between the initial level of GDP and subsequent growth. However, while this result is generally robust across different specifications, it is not supported by all methods used. The quality of institutions seems to play an importa ...
New Europe - The Warsaw Voice
... This year’s Report on Transformation is the third we have the pleasure of presenting to our readers. Just as in previous years, the Report describes the political, economic and international situation in 27 countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The Report discusses the ...
... This year’s Report on Transformation is the third we have the pleasure of presenting to our readers. Just as in previous years, the Report describes the political, economic and international situation in 27 countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The Report discusses the ...
The Evolution of the World Income Distribution
... of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia or the Federal Reserve System. ...
... of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia or the Federal Reserve System. ...
Vertex Centralities in Input-Output Networks Reveal the Structure of
... necessary because of the importance of the automotive sector in the American economy. In order to formalize such intuitive aspects, a deeper understanding of the structures of national economies seems to be warranted. Any national economy is a complex system in which many agents of different sizes i ...
... necessary because of the importance of the automotive sector in the American economy. In order to formalize such intuitive aspects, a deeper understanding of the structures of national economies seems to be warranted. Any national economy is a complex system in which many agents of different sizes i ...
The Classical Approach to Convergence Analysis
... in I870. These data were constructed following the methodology of the United Nations' International Comparison Project (ICP) so, in principle, the data across countries can be compared and are, therefore, suitable for use in the analysis of convergence. The main disadvantage of these data is that th ...
... in I870. These data were constructed following the methodology of the United Nations' International Comparison Project (ICP) so, in principle, the data across countries can be compared and are, therefore, suitable for use in the analysis of convergence. The main disadvantage of these data is that th ...
The Political Economy of Policy Reform: Insights from Southeast Asia
... (in the form of negative external shocks) and which have unpredictable effects; and ideas, many of which originate from abroad. Other foreign influences may also shape the process. There is the demonstration effect of successful reforming economies, especially if they are located nearby. This is the ...
... (in the form of negative external shocks) and which have unpredictable effects; and ideas, many of which originate from abroad. Other foreign influences may also shape the process. There is the demonstration effect of successful reforming economies, especially if they are located nearby. This is the ...
The Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015: Country/Economy
... of one place to 4th position. This decline is mainly driven by a slight deterioration of its macroeconomic conditions (43rd), which has led some rating agencies to downgrade the outlook of this Nordic economy. More precisely, Finland suffers from higher, though still manageable, deficit and public d ...
... of one place to 4th position. This decline is mainly driven by a slight deterioration of its macroeconomic conditions (43rd), which has led some rating agencies to downgrade the outlook of this Nordic economy. More precisely, Finland suffers from higher, though still manageable, deficit and public d ...
Has India emerged? Business cycle stylized facts from a
... Table 1 from the seminal work on emerging market business cycles by Aguiar and Gopinath (2007) to locate the position of Indian business cycle vis-a-vis other developed and developing economies.5 The analysis in Aguiar and Gopinath (2007) covers 13 developed and 13 emerging economies based on a quar ...
... Table 1 from the seminal work on emerging market business cycles by Aguiar and Gopinath (2007) to locate the position of Indian business cycle vis-a-vis other developed and developing economies.5 The analysis in Aguiar and Gopinath (2007) covers 13 developed and 13 emerging economies based on a quar ...
Latecomer`s Effects in Environment Pollution in East Asia
... pollution controls on the ODS and BOD have intensively been promoted by East Asian countries. The ozone-depleting substances have been strictly regulated since the 1987’s signature of the Montreal Protocol, i.e. an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the productio ...
... pollution controls on the ODS and BOD have intensively been promoted by East Asian countries. The ozone-depleting substances have been strictly regulated since the 1987’s signature of the Montreal Protocol, i.e. an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the productio ...
Command Economy - Pennsylvania State University
... • Tends to raise value as new entry and new economic activity arises ...
... • Tends to raise value as new entry and new economic activity arises ...
Emerging Asia and global inflation Chris Hunt
... declined in many countries over the past two decades. In terms of CPI inflation, the effect of import price changes will be influenced by the weight of any item in the regimen, and whether the central bank accommodates the price changes by not tightening or loosening policy. Conversely, even if the ...
... declined in many countries over the past two decades. In terms of CPI inflation, the effect of import price changes will be influenced by the weight of any item in the regimen, and whether the central bank accommodates the price changes by not tightening or loosening policy. Conversely, even if the ...
CONVERGENCE CLUBS AND SUBSISTENCE ECONOMIES*
... wealthier countries. In addition, while the convergence at the top is one of "catching-up", BenDavid (1995) shows that the convergence at the bottom is downward, with the top seven countries out of the bottom 14 exhibiting negative average real per capita income growth between 1960 and 1985. The pri ...
... wealthier countries. In addition, while the convergence at the top is one of "catching-up", BenDavid (1995) shows that the convergence at the bottom is downward, with the top seven countries out of the bottom 14 exhibiting negative average real per capita income growth between 1960 and 1985. The pri ...
Overview: Miracle, Crisis and Beyond
... countries in the form of ODA, the benefits of which might be offset by the adverse effects of their actions in other policy areas, such as trade. Examples are numerous at bilateral, regional and global levels.* James Michel (1997), a former DAC Chair, states that it is increasingly evident that a co ...
... countries in the form of ODA, the benefits of which might be offset by the adverse effects of their actions in other policy areas, such as trade. Examples are numerous at bilateral, regional and global levels.* James Michel (1997), a former DAC Chair, states that it is increasingly evident that a co ...
Technological upgrading in the Eastern Mediterranean
... has now reached a point where it must give increased stress to technological innovation in order to continue on the path of rapid growth. The country needs to focus on acquiring and ...
... has now reached a point where it must give increased stress to technological innovation in order to continue on the path of rapid growth. The country needs to focus on acquiring and ...
III. Growth and inflation: drivers and prospects
... downward trend in advanced economies. Inflation has remained low, or declined further, in many economies. A low utilisation of domestic resources is, however, unlikely to be the key driver. With greater integration of trade, finance and production, inflation has become increasingly influenced by con ...
... downward trend in advanced economies. Inflation has remained low, or declined further, in many economies. A low utilisation of domestic resources is, however, unlikely to be the key driver. With greater integration of trade, finance and production, inflation has become increasingly influenced by con ...
Vietnam`s Perspective on Regional Integration
... the global/regional value chains; widening income/asset gap; polluted and deteriorated environment ...
... the global/regional value chains; widening income/asset gap; polluted and deteriorated environment ...
Privatization. Some Evidence from the World Experiences and from
... The emergence of a tight fiscal environment and the need to control government spending and debt .The convergence criteria from European Monetary Union (Maastricht Treaty) required to diminish the public debt. Selling state enterprises allowed to have additional proceeds for the state budget and to ...
... The emergence of a tight fiscal environment and the need to control government spending and debt .The convergence criteria from European Monetary Union (Maastricht Treaty) required to diminish the public debt. Selling state enterprises allowed to have additional proceeds for the state budget and to ...
... infrastructure and other types of social investment in line with recommendations in the Survey 2013.1 On the other hand, the prospects for the developed world are still volatile and subject to a number of potential speed bumps, especially in the economies of the European Union. The United States has ...
competitiveness of domestic small and medium enterprises in the
... as it would come from the above mentioned. It is also a problem, that the type of the given information could be explained by the generational characteristics of the applied innovation process. It indicates that the innovation processes at the major part of Hungarian SMEs are first or second generat ...
... as it would come from the above mentioned. It is also a problem, that the type of the given information could be explained by the generational characteristics of the applied innovation process. It indicates that the innovation processes at the major part of Hungarian SMEs are first or second generat ...
Chapter 4 The Social Market Economy
... breaking down social cohesion. The rich live in gated communities. The poor live in ghettos. There is no sense of community or common purpose between them. This is especially likely to be true if the rich and the poor are of different ethnic backgrounds. And supporters of the social market economy s ...
... breaking down social cohesion. The rich live in gated communities. The poor live in ghettos. There is no sense of community or common purpose between them. This is especially likely to be true if the rich and the poor are of different ethnic backgrounds. And supporters of the social market economy s ...
2. How Can Sub-Saharan Africa Harness the Demographic
... Failure to create sufficient jobs could result in severe economic and social problems. • The overall magnitude of the dividend will depend on the speed of the transition, that is, how fast infant mortality and fertility rates decline. For some sub-Saharan African countries where fertility rates rem ...
... Failure to create sufficient jobs could result in severe economic and social problems. • The overall magnitude of the dividend will depend on the speed of the transition, that is, how fast infant mortality and fertility rates decline. For some sub-Saharan African countries where fertility rates rem ...
Philip R. Lane IIIS, Trinity College Dublin and CEPR
... there is a clearly positive assocation between the quality of domestic institutions and the ability to attract capital inflows (see, amongst others, Lane and Milesi-Ferretti 2001, Lane 2004 and Alfaro et al 2008). Accordingly, the most obvious explanation of the ability of converging European count ...
... there is a clearly positive assocation between the quality of domestic institutions and the ability to attract capital inflows (see, amongst others, Lane and Milesi-Ferretti 2001, Lane 2004 and Alfaro et al 2008). Accordingly, the most obvious explanation of the ability of converging European count ...
IV. Globalization and The Efficiency of Equilibrium
... increased openness exerts a negative and significant impact on sectoral prices. They show further that this effect of openness on prices occurs both through lower markups and increases in productivity. Their results suggest that the increase in the trade volume can account for as much as a quarter o ...
... increased openness exerts a negative and significant impact on sectoral prices. They show further that this effect of openness on prices occurs both through lower markups and increases in productivity. Their results suggest that the increase in the trade volume can account for as much as a quarter o ...
UNIT TEST and STUDY GUIDE INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS
... 45.How are embargos different than tariffs and quotas ? 46. In which form of government is the role of the citizen the highest? 47. In which form of government will you find citizen participation limited to a select group of people? 48. What are the characteristics of an industrialized country? 49. ...
... 45.How are embargos different than tariffs and quotas ? 46. In which form of government is the role of the citizen the highest? 47. In which form of government will you find citizen participation limited to a select group of people? 48. What are the characteristics of an industrialized country? 49. ...
Latin America’s Decade of Development-less Growth Ernesto Talvi
... Middle East and North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa all display a similar pattern to Figure 2a.6 Only Asia differs markedly from this pattern. On the one hand, China and India have seen exponential convergence since the late 1990s (see Figure 2 panels g-h), while the rest of emerging Asia has exper ...
... Middle East and North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa all display a similar pattern to Figure 2a.6 Only Asia differs markedly from this pattern. On the one hand, China and India have seen exponential convergence since the late 1990s (see Figure 2 panels g-h), while the rest of emerging Asia has exper ...