Unit H460/2
... rise in interest rates in the US. This led to a significant withdrawal of short term funds from the Fragile Five. In January 2014 all of the Fragile Five economies raised their interest rates to prevent an outflow of foreign funds and further falls in their currencies. At an emergency midnight meeti ...
... rise in interest rates in the US. This led to a significant withdrawal of short term funds from the Fragile Five. In January 2014 all of the Fragile Five economies raised their interest rates to prevent an outflow of foreign funds and further falls in their currencies. At an emergency midnight meeti ...
Study on the Fluctuation of Purchasing Power Parity
... sands of specifications of the price and more than a hundred kinds of GDP expenditure basic classification data according to a unified investigation scheme, standard and time. As with other price indices, the purchasing power parity rate is considered to be the national average price, or as an expla ...
... sands of specifications of the price and more than a hundred kinds of GDP expenditure basic classification data according to a unified investigation scheme, standard and time. As with other price indices, the purchasing power parity rate is considered to be the national average price, or as an expla ...
Featured Article Russian Agriculture during
... upstream and downstream operations and services; and (4) the creation of an institutional infrastructure for a market economy. Market liberalization involves removing government control over the allocation of resources and output (basically ending the planned command economy), and allowing markets t ...
... upstream and downstream operations and services; and (4) the creation of an institutional infrastructure for a market economy. Market liberalization involves removing government control over the allocation of resources and output (basically ending the planned command economy), and allowing markets t ...
Global outlook - the United Nations
... on the key assumptions delineated in box I.1, the United Nations baseline forecast for the growth of world gross product (WGP) is 3.1 per cent for 2011 and 3.5 per cent for 2012, which is below the 3.6 per cent estimated for 2010 and the pre-crisis pace of global growth (see table I.1 and figure I.1 ...
... on the key assumptions delineated in box I.1, the United Nations baseline forecast for the growth of world gross product (WGP) is 3.1 per cent for 2011 and 3.5 per cent for 2012, which is below the 3.6 per cent estimated for 2010 and the pre-crisis pace of global growth (see table I.1 and figure I.1 ...
some characteristics of sharp current account deficit reversals in
... even stagnant saving rates. Hence, to close the gap they need to turn to foreign saving, which has generally induced the high and even growing current account deficits of the last decade. In this respect, the problem of external imbalances is particularly important for CEE countries which have alread ...
... even stagnant saving rates. Hence, to close the gap they need to turn to foreign saving, which has generally induced the high and even growing current account deficits of the last decade. In this respect, the problem of external imbalances is particularly important for CEE countries which have alread ...
world economy research institute transition countries
... analysed region accelerated slightly, but the improvement was not very impressive. According to the IMF estimates, the total world output in 2011 grew by 4.0% and the combined GDP of the transition region also rose by 4.0%. In 2012, the total world output rose by merely 3.2%, mainly as a result of e ...
... analysed region accelerated slightly, but the improvement was not very impressive. According to the IMF estimates, the total world output in 2011 grew by 4.0% and the combined GDP of the transition region also rose by 4.0%. In 2012, the total world output rose by merely 3.2%, mainly as a result of e ...
Privatization and SOE Restructuring
... • Comprehensive industry, institutional and organizational reviews prior and during corporatization are useful for developing a coherent privatization plan and avoiding transaction problems. ...
... • Comprehensive industry, institutional and organizational reviews prior and during corporatization are useful for developing a coherent privatization plan and avoiding transaction problems. ...
Chapter 5 CONVERGENCE IN THE NEOCLASSICAL MODEL
... higher in a country than in another one, then according to equations (5.3) and (5.6), the former will exhibit lower steady-state income and growth rate along transition to equilibrium than the latter. We can therefore conclude that, according to our model, convergence should only be anticipated acro ...
... higher in a country than in another one, then according to equations (5.3) and (5.6), the former will exhibit lower steady-state income and growth rate along transition to equilibrium than the latter. We can therefore conclude that, according to our model, convergence should only be anticipated acro ...
PRIVATIZATION IN SLOVENIA Jože Mencinger EIPF and University
... a "normal" capitalist market system in former socialist countries; it was achieved by constitutional changes in the early phase of transition. Equally important was creation of a legal framework for activities which enable accumulation of wealth in the hands of those who are able and willing to save ...
... a "normal" capitalist market system in former socialist countries; it was achieved by constitutional changes in the early phase of transition. Equally important was creation of a legal framework for activities which enable accumulation of wealth in the hands of those who are able and willing to save ...
Chapter 8 - Central Web Server 2
... economic growth. As an example, economic growth slowed throughout the entire world during the 1970s. Using growth accounting methods, economists typically found the slowdown could not be attributed to changes in the quality or quantity of labor inputs or to capital deepening. Either a slowdown in te ...
... economic growth. As an example, economic growth slowed throughout the entire world during the 1970s. Using growth accounting methods, economists typically found the slowdown could not be attributed to changes in the quality or quantity of labor inputs or to capital deepening. Either a slowdown in te ...
Macroeconomics Chamberlin and Yueh
... the majority of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa. • Even after the substantial debt relief in 2001, many poor countries were still spending more on debt servicing than on education and health. Without being able to divert more resources to these areas, it is unlikely that growth will ever take off. • ...
... the majority of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa. • Even after the substantial debt relief in 2001, many poor countries were still spending more on debt servicing than on education and health. Without being able to divert more resources to these areas, it is unlikely that growth will ever take off. • ...
Tackling inequality through trade and development in the
... the income gap has widened are the most highly populated, overall regional inequality has increased significantly since the 1980s. In South Asia, the process of globalization has been associated with greater inequalities in all countries, except in Pakistan, where it remained stable on the whole. In ...
... the income gap has widened are the most highly populated, overall regional inequality has increased significantly since the 1980s. In South Asia, the process of globalization has been associated with greater inequalities in all countries, except in Pakistan, where it remained stable on the whole. In ...
The Impact of Government Spending on Inflation through the
... government are related. Both in the context of developed and developing countries, there have been extensive theoretical and empirical research to date that attempt to focus on the relationship between inflation and government spending. This section presents a brief review. Han & Mulligan (2002) inv ...
... government are related. Both in the context of developed and developing countries, there have been extensive theoretical and empirical research to date that attempt to focus on the relationship between inflation and government spending. This section presents a brief review. Han & Mulligan (2002) inv ...
economic disruption, malthusian fertility, and economic growth
... The model predicts that countries with steeper decline in per capita income will have deeper fertility reduction. This result is quite intuitive. If incomes fall sufficiently relative to subsistence levels of consumption, the willingness to have children falls. This occurs because the utility functi ...
... The model predicts that countries with steeper decline in per capita income will have deeper fertility reduction. This result is quite intuitive. If incomes fall sufficiently relative to subsistence levels of consumption, the willingness to have children falls. This occurs because the utility functi ...
The Global Competitiveness Index 2012–2013: Country Profile
... in the past few years. Although they had been recovering from the significant difficulties brought about by the global economic crisis, rising concerns about the sustainability of sovereign debt in Greece and a number of other European countries continue to raise questions about the viability of the ...
... in the past few years. Although they had been recovering from the significant difficulties brought about by the global economic crisis, rising concerns about the sustainability of sovereign debt in Greece and a number of other European countries continue to raise questions about the viability of the ...
from war economies to peace economies in africa
... about including local stakeholders in determining their own economic future, but not doing this in practice.28 According to Woodward29, “[t]he war economies that must be transformed to peacetime economies in contemporary cases of civil war are not emergency adjustments to an otherwise normal economy ...
... about including local stakeholders in determining their own economic future, but not doing this in practice.28 According to Woodward29, “[t]he war economies that must be transformed to peacetime economies in contemporary cases of civil war are not emergency adjustments to an otherwise normal economy ...
Environmental Sustainability and Poverty Eradication in Developing
... activities of an economy to improve their competitiveness, attain their export potential, limit resource overexploitation and waste, and generate increase returns and revenues. The financial returns and funds generated from primary production activities must in turn be reinvested in the industrial a ...
... activities of an economy to improve their competitiveness, attain their export potential, limit resource overexploitation and waste, and generate increase returns and revenues. The financial returns and funds generated from primary production activities must in turn be reinvested in the industrial a ...
wiiw Balkan Observatory Working Paper 43: Slovenia
... central objectives were defined as follows: (i) to achieve higher growth rates than that in the EU in order to bridge the income gap with this group of countries, (ii) to enhance international competitiveness of the Slovenian economy, (iii) to integrate the country into European integrations, and ( ...
... central objectives were defined as follows: (i) to achieve higher growth rates than that in the EU in order to bridge the income gap with this group of countries, (ii) to enhance international competitiveness of the Slovenian economy, (iii) to integrate the country into European integrations, and ( ...
Trading Population for Productivity: Theory and Evidence
... Consider an overlapping-generations economy in which economic activity extends over in…nite discrete 7 Consistent with empirical evidence, the increased demand for human capital has not resulted necessarily in an increase in the equilibrium rate of return to human capital due to a massive supply res ...
... Consider an overlapping-generations economy in which economic activity extends over in…nite discrete 7 Consistent with empirical evidence, the increased demand for human capital has not resulted necessarily in an increase in the equilibrium rate of return to human capital due to a massive supply res ...
INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACTORS ON THE
... shocks have important effect on the level of public debt in transition countries. As the result, if we know how much economic and politic factors impact the public debt, it could help to form expectations about future budgetary developments. Such an insight, for instance, is of particular importance ...
... shocks have important effect on the level of public debt in transition countries. As the result, if we know how much economic and politic factors impact the public debt, it could help to form expectations about future budgetary developments. Such an insight, for instance, is of particular importance ...
III A Paucity of Firm-Specific Information in Emerging Stock Markets
... persistence of such policies requires explanation. Another strands of new papers offer insights. In many countries an elite (often the descendants of industrial barons who grew rich off political “connections” during early stages of development) controls most large corporations through “pyramidal” c ...
... persistence of such policies requires explanation. Another strands of new papers offer insights. In many countries an elite (often the descendants of industrial barons who grew rich off political “connections” during early stages of development) controls most large corporations through “pyramidal” c ...
6. External economies and learning by doing
... reproducible factors in production than that implied by the corresponding shares in national incomes is by assuming the existence of externalities. This chapter shows how externalities associated to capital accumulation have indeed the potential to overcome the limitation imposed by diminishing retu ...
... reproducible factors in production than that implied by the corresponding shares in national incomes is by assuming the existence of externalities. This chapter shows how externalities associated to capital accumulation have indeed the potential to overcome the limitation imposed by diminishing retu ...
Estonia`s Post-Soviet Agricultural Reforms
... Despite enjoying direct State subsidies, and the benefits of State-financed capital investments, collective farms were less efficient than smaller, independent, family-owned farms. According to Pajo, Tamm & Teinberg (1994), this can be explained by several factors. First, collective farms were requi ...
... Despite enjoying direct State subsidies, and the benefits of State-financed capital investments, collective farms were less efficient than smaller, independent, family-owned farms. According to Pajo, Tamm & Teinberg (1994), this can be explained by several factors. First, collective farms were requi ...
Analysis - Center for American Progress
... an adult. We show how increased inequality contributes to the problem of insufficient aggregate demand—too little spending by consumers and businesses to keep GDP at its capacity. And we also show how many countries are still recovering from the effects of the financial crisis. Poor policy choices h ...
... an adult. We show how increased inequality contributes to the problem of insufficient aggregate demand—too little spending by consumers and businesses to keep GDP at its capacity. And we also show how many countries are still recovering from the effects of the financial crisis. Poor policy choices h ...
How deep is your trade? [EBRD
... require deeper policy changes, such as legal reforms or better governance (Berkowitz, Moenius and Pistor, 2003)? And are some countries at a geographical disadvantage, implying that they cannot benefit as much as others from international commerce because they face higher transportation costs (Limao ...
... require deeper policy changes, such as legal reforms or better governance (Berkowitz, Moenius and Pistor, 2003)? And are some countries at a geographical disadvantage, implying that they cannot benefit as much as others from international commerce because they face higher transportation costs (Limao ...