Economic Developments in the Baltic States: Success and New
... the three countries, has seen somewhat higher growth than the other two, but the income gap to Western Europe is still significant. In all three countries a key objective for policy-makers is to continue the rapid convergence with the income level in Western Europe. Considering the Baltic States' we ...
... the three countries, has seen somewhat higher growth than the other two, but the income gap to Western Europe is still significant. In all three countries a key objective for policy-makers is to continue the rapid convergence with the income level in Western Europe. Considering the Baltic States' we ...
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... could be argued that understanding the rural non-farm economy in context implies the use of broad methods useful in understanding rural societies in general, and the complex interrelationship between different factors – social, cultural and economic, for example – which cause people to act as they d ...
... could be argued that understanding the rural non-farm economy in context implies the use of broad methods useful in understanding rural societies in general, and the complex interrelationship between different factors – social, cultural and economic, for example – which cause people to act as they d ...
State Ownership in the Slovenian Economy
... to culturally distinct foreign powers for much of its history, Slovenians are generally averse to anything that may lead to undue intrusion by outsiders in their domestic affairs. This attitude extends to the economy—economic nationalism, or the idea of “national interest,” persists in Slovenia. The ...
... to culturally distinct foreign powers for much of its history, Slovenians are generally averse to anything that may lead to undue intrusion by outsiders in their domestic affairs. This attitude extends to the economy—economic nationalism, or the idea of “national interest,” persists in Slovenia. The ...
transitional economies: the case study of bosnia and herzegovina
... volatile and drastic changes of their economic settings – in the nearest past, from centrally planned to free market economies. It inevitably includes modernization, reformation of laws, privatization, introduction of price mechanism, opening financial and goods markets for foreign competition, adju ...
... volatile and drastic changes of their economic settings – in the nearest past, from centrally planned to free market economies. It inevitably includes modernization, reformation of laws, privatization, introduction of price mechanism, opening financial and goods markets for foreign competition, adju ...
the evolution of monetary policy in transition economies
... understood and highly visible targets such as the nominal exchange rate. As a measure of macroeconomic stabilization was achieved, and with the emergence of the necessary markets and institutions, monetary policy has evolved toward less direct instruments such as open market operations and toward ne ...
... understood and highly visible targets such as the nominal exchange rate. As a measure of macroeconomic stabilization was achieved, and with the emergence of the necessary markets and institutions, monetary policy has evolved toward less direct instruments such as open market operations and toward ne ...
China as a Non-Market Economy - Institute for International Trade
... “It is recognized that, in the case of imports from a country that has a complete or substantially complete monopoly of its trade and where all domestic prices are fixed by the State, special difficulties may exist in determining price comparability for the purposes of paragraph 1 [determination of ...
... “It is recognized that, in the case of imports from a country that has a complete or substantially complete monopoly of its trade and where all domestic prices are fixed by the State, special difficulties may exist in determining price comparability for the purposes of paragraph 1 [determination of ...
Statistical Appendix
... the 1993 version of the System of National Accounts (SNA). The IMF’s sector statistical standards—the Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth Edition (BPM5), the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual (MFSM 2000), and the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (GFSM 2001)—have all been aligned with t ...
... the 1993 version of the System of National Accounts (SNA). The IMF’s sector statistical standards—the Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth Edition (BPM5), the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual (MFSM 2000), and the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (GFSM 2001)—have all been aligned with t ...
Culture and Economic Institution in Transition
... accepted lower level of social protection. However, this new contract was inside of the system of paternalistic relations: it was the state that carried the reform and promised a quick (after two or three years) rise of living standards. The state did not fulfill its promises. The people lost their ...
... accepted lower level of social protection. However, this new contract was inside of the system of paternalistic relations: it was the state that carried the reform and promised a quick (after two or three years) rise of living standards. The state did not fulfill its promises. The people lost their ...
ENLARGING THE VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM The
... Given the importance of a parsimonious scheme for the success of the Hall and Soskice model, new varieties should not be added without hesitation. In order to qualify as a distinct variety of capitalism, three conditions have to be met:34 (1) the existence of an alternative overall economic coordina ...
... Given the importance of a parsimonious scheme for the success of the Hall and Soskice model, new varieties should not be added without hesitation. In order to qualify as a distinct variety of capitalism, three conditions have to be met:34 (1) the existence of an alternative overall economic coordina ...
Chapter 1
... growth was sluggish in early 2002, hiring conditions in the labour markets remained weak, and the number of persons claiming unemployment insurance in March remained high. The Conference Board’s index of leading indicators stagnated in February 2002, following consecutive increases in the four prece ...
... growth was sluggish in early 2002, hiring conditions in the labour markets remained weak, and the number of persons claiming unemployment insurance in March remained high. The Conference Board’s index of leading indicators stagnated in February 2002, following consecutive increases in the four prece ...
Democracy, Economic Freedom and Growth in Transition Economies
... governance and enterprise restructuring, price liberalization, trade and foreignexchange liberalization, competition policy, and banking and securities markets reform.3 As Heckelman and Stroup (2005) show, however, these aggregations have several potential methodological problems. Therefore, in this ...
... governance and enterprise restructuring, price liberalization, trade and foreignexchange liberalization, competition policy, and banking and securities markets reform.3 As Heckelman and Stroup (2005) show, however, these aggregations have several potential methodological problems. Therefore, in this ...
L G M :
... the market-friendly reforms would lead to an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), which would also translate into higher rates of growth. In particular, it was argued that FDI would generate a positive macroeconomic externality and lead to an increase in domestic investment. ...
... the market-friendly reforms would lead to an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), which would also translate into higher rates of growth. In particular, it was argued that FDI would generate a positive macroeconomic externality and lead to an increase in domestic investment. ...
The Global Politics of Attention and Social Policy Transformati
... This paper contributes to the debate on globalization and welfare states in several ways. First, contrary to those who argue that globalization necessarily forces states to cut commitments to welfare, we find that Central and Eastern Europe states maintained strong welfare state commitments during a ...
... This paper contributes to the debate on globalization and welfare states in several ways. First, contrary to those who argue that globalization necessarily forces states to cut commitments to welfare, we find that Central and Eastern Europe states maintained strong welfare state commitments during a ...
FORWARD-LOOKING MACROECONOMIC POLICIES 2013
... development relies fundamentally on the ability of States to allocate public spending – and to create a conducive environment for private investments – in key economic and social sectors of the economy. This requires broad-based forward-looking macroeconomic policies that balance stabilization and d ...
... development relies fundamentally on the ability of States to allocate public spending – and to create a conducive environment for private investments – in key economic and social sectors of the economy. This requires broad-based forward-looking macroeconomic policies that balance stabilization and d ...
“Celso Furtado and the Structuralist
... approach to developing countries; according to Furtado, external disequilibrium in those economies was not caused by domestic inflation and excess aggregate demand as assumed by the Fund’s monetary approach, but by structural changes that are part of the industrialization process, which were also be ...
... approach to developing countries; according to Furtado, external disequilibrium in those economies was not caused by domestic inflation and excess aggregate demand as assumed by the Fund’s monetary approach, but by structural changes that are part of the industrialization process, which were also be ...
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... vacuum created by the elimination of the old state run enterprises. Additionally, of course, advocates of shock-therapy base their case on the political imperatives of rapid change, arguing for a need to cement and make the new (capitalist) order irrevocable. ...
... vacuum created by the elimination of the old state run enterprises. Additionally, of course, advocates of shock-therapy base their case on the political imperatives of rapid change, arguing for a need to cement and make the new (capitalist) order irrevocable. ...
Poland and Ukraine: A Portrait in Divergence
... property) allow for the spontaneous creation of important institutions. And underpinning this entire process was the need for economic stabilization, in order to correct the gross imbalances that the communist economy engendered. Only through stabilization could investment accrue to the private sect ...
... property) allow for the spontaneous creation of important institutions. And underpinning this entire process was the need for economic stabilization, in order to correct the gross imbalances that the communist economy engendered. Only through stabilization could investment accrue to the private sect ...
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... the present positive forces in the developed countries, particularly the United States, are unlikely to be sufficient on their own to sustain a recovery throughout 2004. Business investment has been particularly sluggish over the past two years and will need to revive in order to sustain the momentu ...
... the present positive forces in the developed countries, particularly the United States, are unlikely to be sufficient on their own to sustain a recovery throughout 2004. Business investment has been particularly sluggish over the past two years and will need to revive in order to sustain the momentu ...
We’re all in this together: the transmission of international 1
... being relatively closed economically to being significantly ...
... being relatively closed economically to being significantly ...
View/Open
... developing countries group, i.e. Brazil, the Russian Federation and India (together with China known as BRIC countries) are playing a much more increasing role in world economy at the present time. It seems that for the two former the vast natural resource stocks and growing raw materials dependence ...
... developing countries group, i.e. Brazil, the Russian Federation and India (together with China known as BRIC countries) are playing a much more increasing role in world economy at the present time. It seems that for the two former the vast natural resource stocks and growing raw materials dependence ...
Economic Insight: South East Asia
... A relatively positive structural outlook for the ASEAN region is counterbalanced by a more mixed set of conditions in the immediate future. Equity markets in the region have rallied in recent weeks as investors’ risk appetite has returned. This appears to have been helped by higher oil prices, a mor ...
... A relatively positive structural outlook for the ASEAN region is counterbalanced by a more mixed set of conditions in the immediate future. Equity markets in the region have rallied in recent weeks as investors’ risk appetite has returned. This appears to have been helped by higher oil prices, a mor ...
1.2 The Business Environment as a Complex Adaptive System
... expressed in terms of a country’s international competitiveness. They compare key elements of the business environment in a variety of countries, attaching a score to each of the elements and then ranking the countries’ international competitiveness according to their aggregate scores. The term ‘int ...
... expressed in terms of a country’s international competitiveness. They compare key elements of the business environment in a variety of countries, attaching a score to each of the elements and then ranking the countries’ international competitiveness according to their aggregate scores. The term ‘int ...
Since foreign demand is the driving force behind the growth
... Even back in 1989, Croatia and Slovenia had the highest liberalisation index (0,41 and 045) of all socialist CEE countries (EBRD, 2000). Croatia and Slovenia also enjoyed good trade connections with Western Europa. About 50% per cent of production was export oriented. The most prominent in Croatia ...
... Even back in 1989, Croatia and Slovenia had the highest liberalisation index (0,41 and 045) of all socialist CEE countries (EBRD, 2000). Croatia and Slovenia also enjoyed good trade connections with Western Europa. About 50% per cent of production was export oriented. The most prominent in Croatia ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... Icr the preparation of this paper is gratefully acknowledged The presentation draws significantly on materials in Behrinan (1975c and 1975d). ...
... Icr the preparation of this paper is gratefully acknowledged The presentation draws significantly on materials in Behrinan (1975c and 1975d). ...