l. sau evolution of china`s financial system and its impact on
... transition and developing countries in the form of ‘shock therapy’ approach or ‘big bang’ under the assumption that “one size fits all” (cf. Kolodko, 1999; McMillan, 1994; McMillan and Naughton, 1992). Shock therapy was the results of the Washington Consensus: the consensus achieved in Washington am ...
... transition and developing countries in the form of ‘shock therapy’ approach or ‘big bang’ under the assumption that “one size fits all” (cf. Kolodko, 1999; McMillan, 1994; McMillan and Naughton, 1992). Shock therapy was the results of the Washington Consensus: the consensus achieved in Washington am ...
Global Economic Prospects and Principles for Policy Exit
... The challenges of placing fiscal policy on a sustainable path—both political and economic—are greater than for normalizing monetary policy. The scale of fiscal adjustment required to ensure fiscal sustainability will be large, particularly in advanced economies. This suggests that fiscal policy chan ...
... The challenges of placing fiscal policy on a sustainable path—both political and economic—are greater than for normalizing monetary policy. The scale of fiscal adjustment required to ensure fiscal sustainability will be large, particularly in advanced economies. This suggests that fiscal policy chan ...
Economics
... small part of total quantity offered in the market. The buyers are also numerous so that no individual buyer can affect the working of the market. Under these conditions, each firm alone cannot affect the price in the market by changing output. 2. Product Homogeneity: The Industry is defined as a gr ...
... small part of total quantity offered in the market. The buyers are also numerous so that no individual buyer can affect the working of the market. Under these conditions, each firm alone cannot affect the price in the market by changing output. 2. Product Homogeneity: The Industry is defined as a gr ...
Globalisation, growth and justice
... distribution of income. Then there are measures based on a comparison of the per capita income of say the richest 10 per cent or top decile of the population with the per capita income of the poorest 10 per cent. Some argue that the latter is more appropriate in the context of globalisation for suc ...
... distribution of income. Then there are measures based on a comparison of the per capita income of say the richest 10 per cent or top decile of the population with the per capita income of the poorest 10 per cent. Some argue that the latter is more appropriate in the context of globalisation for suc ...
Development Thinking 3.0: The Road Ahead
... inconsistent with their countries’ comparative advantages. Firms in those industries were not viable in open, competitive markets, and their investment and survival depended on heavy government protection, large subsidies, and direct resource allocations through measures such as monopoly rent, high ...
... inconsistent with their countries’ comparative advantages. Firms in those industries were not viable in open, competitive markets, and their investment and survival depended on heavy government protection, large subsidies, and direct resource allocations through measures such as monopoly rent, high ...
On emerging markets decoupling and growth convergence
... by the G7, the EM betas appear stable and high. In other words, there seems to have been no decoupling in the past decade, a finding mostly in line with the results in the recent economic literature (Rose 2009; Wälti 2009). Indeed, judging by the median results for the interaction coefficient and p- ...
... by the G7, the EM betas appear stable and high. In other words, there seems to have been no decoupling in the past decade, a finding mostly in line with the results in the recent economic literature (Rose 2009; Wälti 2009). Indeed, judging by the median results for the interaction coefficient and p- ...
Innovation and growth in resource-based economies: some
... Michael Porter on clusters; here it should be noted that Porter has strongly emphasized the importance of cluster development out of existing industries and resources. Dahmen‟s work both reflected and contributed to a specifically Swedish mode of industrial organization. The key point is that in Swe ...
... Michael Porter on clusters; here it should be noted that Porter has strongly emphasized the importance of cluster development out of existing industries and resources. Dahmen‟s work both reflected and contributed to a specifically Swedish mode of industrial organization. The key point is that in Swe ...
ECONOMICS
... (c) an authoritarian government controls the economy. (d) economic equality is not important. ...
... (c) an authoritarian government controls the economy. (d) economic equality is not important. ...
Unit-II Economies accross the globe-Students` Manual - CBSE
... unemployment. Development potential of a country (for using more capital or more labour or more natural resources or all of these to support its population on a not lower level of living) is considered a much better criterion to judge the extent of its development by economists like Jacob Viner. Cla ...
... unemployment. Development potential of a country (for using more capital or more labour or more natural resources or all of these to support its population on a not lower level of living) is considered a much better criterion to judge the extent of its development by economists like Jacob Viner. Cla ...
benefits to current eu15 member countries
... It is foreseen that the full exploitation of the trade potential between CEEC and EU15 will lead to a large (maybe double) increase of the CEEC trade deficit. ...
... It is foreseen that the full exploitation of the trade potential between CEEC and EU15 will lead to a large (maybe double) increase of the CEEC trade deficit. ...
Document
... enumerated in the FDI group) is that they increase the domestic demand and cause huge current deficit and high inflation. Besides, the huge capital inflows can cause unjustified upper pressure to the foreign currency exchange rate which represents a threat to the export competition of the country (D ...
... enumerated in the FDI group) is that they increase the domestic demand and cause huge current deficit and high inflation. Besides, the huge capital inflows can cause unjustified upper pressure to the foreign currency exchange rate which represents a threat to the export competition of the country (D ...
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
... undersell their foreign rivals, while the two countries can still produce A on equal terms. Thus the new situation is not an equilibrium. Furthermore, one would expect home B producers to increase their market share at the expense of their foreign competitors, so that foreign resources move into the ...
... undersell their foreign rivals, while the two countries can still produce A on equal terms. Thus the new situation is not an equilibrium. Furthermore, one would expect home B producers to increase their market share at the expense of their foreign competitors, so that foreign resources move into the ...
Глава 3
... Figure 3.2. Literacy level versus global population83 But the authors excluded GDP per capita from the parameters that could decrease the fertility rate. They did so because they took as a contradiction ‘a low fertility rate in Russia and other former East European Soviet states and the dramatic fal ...
... Figure 3.2. Literacy level versus global population83 But the authors excluded GDP per capita from the parameters that could decrease the fertility rate. They did so because they took as a contradiction ‘a low fertility rate in Russia and other former East European Soviet states and the dramatic fal ...
Roadmap for Middle Eastern Reforms: A Stage Theory Approach
... The takeoff state is characterized by a jump in the rate of productive investment from 5 percent or less to 10 percent or more of national income, the development of one or more substantial manufacturing sector with a high growth rates, and the existence or quick emergence of a political, social, an ...
... The takeoff state is characterized by a jump in the rate of productive investment from 5 percent or less to 10 percent or more of national income, the development of one or more substantial manufacturing sector with a high growth rates, and the existence or quick emergence of a political, social, an ...
CONTENTS
... Sensitivity of the results to alternative methods to compute the contribution of aggregate demand components to GDP growth ............................................................... ...
... Sensitivity of the results to alternative methods to compute the contribution of aggregate demand components to GDP growth ............................................................... ...
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... depression caused by lack of effective demand. The compensatory measures may be in the form of tax reduction and enhanced government expenditure. These will lead to increase in aggregate demand which will result, first to increase price level leading to increase in producers' profits. The increase i ...
... depression caused by lack of effective demand. The compensatory measures may be in the form of tax reduction and enhanced government expenditure. These will lead to increase in aggregate demand which will result, first to increase price level leading to increase in producers' profits. The increase i ...
Are a Free Market Economy
... relatively easy to set up a market economy in Cuba (and we shall see that this is not the case), important questions still remain. Will the companies responsible for the growth of the Cuban economy automatically emerge once reforms have been undertaken? Will these companies be able to generate suff ...
... relatively easy to set up a market economy in Cuba (and we shall see that this is not the case), important questions still remain. Will the companies responsible for the growth of the Cuban economy automatically emerge once reforms have been undertaken? Will these companies be able to generate suff ...
Technology and Economic Integration: Growth and Development for
... The small, island economies of CARICOM, and in fact small, island economies worldwide, typically lack a diversity of resources found in larger economies, as well as large populations that attract the development of significant consumer markets. The dearth of resources and the limited internal develo ...
... The small, island economies of CARICOM, and in fact small, island economies worldwide, typically lack a diversity of resources found in larger economies, as well as large populations that attract the development of significant consumer markets. The dearth of resources and the limited internal develo ...
Institution Building and Growth in Transition
... Belarus and the Ukraine, the two countries in our sample together with Russia that have been longest under communism, illustrate our point.9 Upon gaining independence, the communists remained in power in both countries. The Soviet economic and social structure had provided a social safety net, and t ...
... Belarus and the Ukraine, the two countries in our sample together with Russia that have been longest under communism, illustrate our point.9 Upon gaining independence, the communists remained in power in both countries. The Soviet economic and social structure had provided a social safety net, and t ...
International Business Strategy, Management & the New
... of state-owned enterprises. • Excessive regulation and entrenched government bureaucracy, now are introducing legal frameworks to protect business and consumer interests and ensure intellectual private property rights. • Russia endured high inflation with annual price increases reaching 100%, hinder ...
... of state-owned enterprises. • Excessive regulation and entrenched government bureaucracy, now are introducing legal frameworks to protect business and consumer interests and ensure intellectual private property rights. • Russia endured high inflation with annual price increases reaching 100%, hinder ...
CENTRE for ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE DISCUSSION PAPER
... likely that immigration will be a prominent economic, social and political issue in the decades to come. Finally, the international mobility of ideas, knowledge, knowhow and culture is a potent force making for change in economic, social and political affairs. No government striving for national te ...
... likely that immigration will be a prominent economic, social and political issue in the decades to come. Finally, the international mobility of ideas, knowledge, knowhow and culture is a potent force making for change in economic, social and political affairs. No government striving for national te ...
Annual Report 2009 - Bank Negara Malaysia
... banking system. The strong reserves position of the country also acted as a buffer for US dollar liquidity and exchange rate movements during this turbulent period. In addition, the broad-based financial sector reforms and capacity building measures that have been undertaken following the Asian financ ...
... banking system. The strong reserves position of the country also acted as a buffer for US dollar liquidity and exchange rate movements during this turbulent period. In addition, the broad-based financial sector reforms and capacity building measures that have been undertaken following the Asian financ ...
Asia-Pacific Regional Training Workshop on Graduation Strategies Graduation experiences of Cape
... vulnerable countries • TRIPS extension under WTO • Bilateral trade negotiations ...
... vulnerable countries • TRIPS extension under WTO • Bilateral trade negotiations ...
Asia and the Global Financial Crisis Ben S. Bernanke Welcome Address
... of the world’s economic growth, raising its share of global gross domestic product (GDP) from 28 percent to 32 percent.2 Importantly, its economic success has resulted in large-scale reductions in poverty and substantial improvements in the standards of living of hundreds of millions of people. Chin ...
... of the world’s economic growth, raising its share of global gross domestic product (GDP) from 28 percent to 32 percent.2 Importantly, its economic success has resulted in large-scale reductions in poverty and substantial improvements in the standards of living of hundreds of millions of people. Chin ...
he cost of transition from market to command economy
... as the increase in nominal salaries. Reports on the sentiment of the population stressed that a fast decline of the standard of living was the major topic of complaining.10 Obviously, the economy was shrinking as a result of transition. In addition, the Soviets conducted a policy of plundering local ...
... as the increase in nominal salaries. Reports on the sentiment of the population stressed that a fast decline of the standard of living was the major topic of complaining.10 Obviously, the economy was shrinking as a result of transition. In addition, the Soviets conducted a policy of plundering local ...