T he Romanian Economy from Transition to Crisis. Retrospects and Prospects:
... government o establish effective institutions (Hughes and Lovei, 1999). All this political, economic and social turmoil in the 1990s made a real advance of reform very difficult, Romania being severely criticised by the EU and international financial institutions for the drawbacks in restructuring a ...
... government o establish effective institutions (Hughes and Lovei, 1999). All this political, economic and social turmoil in the 1990s made a real advance of reform very difficult, Romania being severely criticised by the EU and international financial institutions for the drawbacks in restructuring a ...
The Slovak Experience with Transition to Market Economy
... the Iron Curtain, some of the nations integrated into federations (Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) used the opportunity for regaining their independent statehood (19911993). All these countries faced a double challenge: 1. to introduce economic reforms leading to a market economy, ...
... the Iron Curtain, some of the nations integrated into federations (Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) used the opportunity for regaining their independent statehood (19911993). All these countries faced a double challenge: 1. to introduce economic reforms leading to a market economy, ...
CONTENTS
... Asia and the Pacific playing a critical role in the global climate change agenda ......................................................................................... ...
... Asia and the Pacific playing a critical role in the global climate change agenda ......................................................................................... ...
Public Sector Stability and Balance of Payments Crises in Selected
... deficit resulting from a tax cut will have no effect on the current account because it does not affect national savings.3 In recent years many theoretical and empirical researches into the external balance have concentrated on the intertemporal approach to the current account, where levels of invest ...
... deficit resulting from a tax cut will have no effect on the current account because it does not affect national savings.3 In recent years many theoretical and empirical researches into the external balance have concentrated on the intertemporal approach to the current account, where levels of invest ...
Public Sector Stability and Balance of Payments Crisis
... deficit resulting from a tax cut will have no effect on the current account because it does not affect national savings.3 In recent years many theoretical and empirical researches into the external balance have concentrated on the intertemporal approach to the current account, where levels of invest ...
... deficit resulting from a tax cut will have no effect on the current account because it does not affect national savings.3 In recent years many theoretical and empirical researches into the external balance have concentrated on the intertemporal approach to the current account, where levels of invest ...
WTO Accession: Myths and Reality
... • Improvement in the investment climate (e.g., protecting against domestic lobbies and building market supporting institutions, along with transition to comparative advantage sectors) represents a nearly 20% gain in terms of consumption over the long run. • Which model to follow: China, Ukraine (EU ...
... • Improvement in the investment climate (e.g., protecting against domestic lobbies and building market supporting institutions, along with transition to comparative advantage sectors) represents a nearly 20% gain in terms of consumption over the long run. • Which model to follow: China, Ukraine (EU ...
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ______
... in our policies and aid to the countries most in need. The EU and its MS are the primary donors to LDCs, and the only donors which have committed to allocating 0.15% of GNI as Official Development Assistance (ODA) to LDCs by 2020. However important the role of ODA, the report clearly lays out that a ...
... in our policies and aid to the countries most in need. The EU and its MS are the primary donors to LDCs, and the only donors which have committed to allocating 0.15% of GNI as Official Development Assistance (ODA) to LDCs by 2020. However important the role of ODA, the report clearly lays out that a ...
Economic Efficiency in Transition: The Case of Ukraine
... the labour force, and the essential system of employees dismissal, retraining and reeducation could not be built. Increasing crisis in the socialist economies was not accompanied by liquidation of low-effective and obsolete enterprises, there was no flow of capital towards more effective industries, ...
... the labour force, and the essential system of employees dismissal, retraining and reeducation could not be built. Increasing crisis in the socialist economies was not accompanied by liquidation of low-effective and obsolete enterprises, there was no flow of capital towards more effective industries, ...
working paper
... “from above” and the other is transformation “from below”. There are a few kinds of transformation “from above”. The most important form of privatization from above is conversion of political capital into economic one. Lazic wrote that two thirds of nowadays members of economy elite (or their closer ...
... “from above” and the other is transformation “from below”. There are a few kinds of transformation “from above”. The most important form of privatization from above is conversion of political capital into economic one. Lazic wrote that two thirds of nowadays members of economy elite (or their closer ...
Are the advanced economies in for a long period of economic
... Since secular stagnation is a long-run phenomenon, there must be evidence for it from before the crisis. Many agree that the early 2000s was characterised by an enormous asset bubble (Bernanke 2010); this should have increased aggregate demand greatly, by creating a wealth effect that enabled highe ...
... Since secular stagnation is a long-run phenomenon, there must be evidence for it from before the crisis. Many agree that the early 2000s was characterised by an enormous asset bubble (Bernanke 2010); this should have increased aggregate demand greatly, by creating a wealth effect that enabled highe ...
Good societies - De Anza College
... always been with us, but market systems have not. • Today, almost all countries use market systems to organize and coordinate production. • Market system: refers to an economy in which production for profit is intended for and coordinated through private exchanges between buyers and sellers. • Shift ...
... always been with us, but market systems have not. • Today, almost all countries use market systems to organize and coordinate production. • Market system: refers to an economy in which production for profit is intended for and coordinated through private exchanges between buyers and sellers. • Shift ...
This version: 20 March 2001
... purchase of services from private suppliers selected through competitive bidding (or tendering). Vast deregulation of the private sector took place and has been replaced by reliance on market forces. ...
... purchase of services from private suppliers selected through competitive bidding (or tendering). Vast deregulation of the private sector took place and has been replaced by reliance on market forces. ...
ThE VARIABlE ImpACT Of ThE GlOBAl ECOnOmIC CRISIS In
... In the period between 2000 and 2008 the economies of the SEE region had enjoyed a mini-boom, mainly fuelled by large inflows of international finance in the form of bank credits, enabling increased domestic borrowing by both firms and households. While government expenditure had also grown, in many ...
... In the period between 2000 and 2008 the economies of the SEE region had enjoyed a mini-boom, mainly fuelled by large inflows of international finance in the form of bank credits, enabling increased domestic borrowing by both firms and households. While government expenditure had also grown, in many ...
The Process of China`s Market Transition (1978
... interests in the agricultural sector at central and provincial governments were weak compared to the industrial sector, and the vested interests of local officials at the commune and the brigade levels were not well organized. Once some areas (often poor areas) made a breakthrough, other areas follo ...
... interests in the agricultural sector at central and provincial governments were weak compared to the industrial sector, and the vested interests of local officials at the commune and the brigade levels were not well organized. Once some areas (often poor areas) made a breakthrough, other areas follo ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... through time. This belief was largely based on data from the advanced nations, which suggests that there is significant persistence in distributional data. Most analysts argued that in the absence of major shocks-such as a revolution or war-the distribution of income would only change gradually, as ...
... through time. This belief was largely based on data from the advanced nations, which suggests that there is significant persistence in distributional data. Most analysts argued that in the absence of major shocks-such as a revolution or war-the distribution of income would only change gradually, as ...
how to create a country – experience of slovenia
... the domestic market, a diminished supply of raw materials from the rest of SFR Yugoslavia, the termination of foreign trade links that Slovenia had through Yugoslav enterprises (and vice versa), and a likely loss of property in other parts of SFR Yugoslavia. It was also evident that issues such as h ...
... the domestic market, a diminished supply of raw materials from the rest of SFR Yugoslavia, the termination of foreign trade links that Slovenia had through Yugoslav enterprises (and vice versa), and a likely loss of property in other parts of SFR Yugoslavia. It was also evident that issues such as h ...
Shock Therapy versus Gradualism
... an explanatory variable on the right hand side, may itself be endogenous to the model, i.e. liberalization policy may depend on the initial conditions and the magnitude of the decline in output as a result of liberalization (Ickes, 1996; De Melo, Denizer, Gelb and Tenev, 1997; Kruger and Ciolko, 199 ...
... an explanatory variable on the right hand side, may itself be endogenous to the model, i.e. liberalization policy may depend on the initial conditions and the magnitude of the decline in output as a result of liberalization (Ickes, 1996; De Melo, Denizer, Gelb and Tenev, 1997; Kruger and Ciolko, 199 ...
Reform and Development in China: A New Institutional Economics
... decades of the 20th Century. China's experience of transition has produced many interesting contrasts to the experiences of transition in Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union (EEFSU). When the transition started in EEFSU, most economists in the West favoured a big bang approach, which included sta ...
... decades of the 20th Century. China's experience of transition has produced many interesting contrasts to the experiences of transition in Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union (EEFSU). When the transition started in EEFSU, most economists in the West favoured a big bang approach, which included sta ...
Mission Impossible III: Measuring the Informal Sector in a - cerge-ei
... economies as to be inapplicable to these economies. The most objectionable feature of these electricity methods that they postulate a one-toone relation between electricity consumption and GDP. This is stylized-fact gleaned from stable, developed economies where there is a stable sectoral compositio ...
... economies as to be inapplicable to these economies. The most objectionable feature of these electricity methods that they postulate a one-toone relation between electricity consumption and GDP. This is stylized-fact gleaned from stable, developed economies where there is a stable sectoral compositio ...
Africa is taking over the “7% growth club”
... Sub-Saharan Africa showed resilient growth during the financial crisis. Growth slowed down in 2009 but unlike almost all advanced economies, African economies did not contract. This resilience is expected to continue in the medium term, driven by rising commodity demand from emerging markets, favour ...
... Sub-Saharan Africa showed resilient growth during the financial crisis. Growth slowed down in 2009 but unlike almost all advanced economies, African economies did not contract. This resilience is expected to continue in the medium term, driven by rising commodity demand from emerging markets, favour ...
The Political Economy of Transition in Resource
... easy availability of resource rents was arguably a key factor in allowing both countries to pursue much less reform-oriented policies than in the rest of the CIS. It should also be added that Uzbekistan would appear to have made progress recently in liberalising its foreign exchange market and has o ...
... easy availability of resource rents was arguably a key factor in allowing both countries to pursue much less reform-oriented policies than in the rest of the CIS. It should also be added that Uzbekistan would appear to have made progress recently in liberalising its foreign exchange market and has o ...
Lessons of China`s Transition from a Planned Economy
... (EEFSU). When the transition started in EEFSU, most economists in the West favoured a big bang approach, which included stabilization, price liberalization, and privatization. They considered these three reforms to be preconditions for a successful transition to a market economy and attempted to com ...
... (EEFSU). When the transition started in EEFSU, most economists in the West favoured a big bang approach, which included stabilization, price liberalization, and privatization. They considered these three reforms to be preconditions for a successful transition to a market economy and attempted to com ...
Full text
... Strengthening resilience and long-term growth. Where still needed, balance sheet repair will support resilience and help sustain the recovery. Emerging markets should continue to allow exchange rates to buffer shocks while addressing vulnerabilities. Structural reforms, well-targeted to country need ...
... Strengthening resilience and long-term growth. Where still needed, balance sheet repair will support resilience and help sustain the recovery. Emerging markets should continue to allow exchange rates to buffer shocks while addressing vulnerabilities. Structural reforms, well-targeted to country need ...
Transition to Market Economies in Former Centrally Planned
... socio-economic crisis, cessation of close economic relations with former Soviet Union, the collapse of former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), and the US embargo, Vietnam has escaped and has achieved a success in its transition. The Doimoi policy has really created a good opportunity a ...
... socio-economic crisis, cessation of close economic relations with former Soviet Union, the collapse of former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), and the US embargo, Vietnam has escaped and has achieved a success in its transition. The Doimoi policy has really created a good opportunity a ...
Start With Worker Self-Directed Enterprises
... which each of your core goals is pursued? The means to achieve the transition would need to be several. Laws would need to be enacted or changed to facilitate the conversion of capitalistically organized enterprises into WSDEs, the formation of new WSDEs, and the functioning of WSDEs. School curricu ...
... which each of your core goals is pursued? The means to achieve the transition would need to be several. Laws would need to be enacted or changed to facilitate the conversion of capitalistically organized enterprises into WSDEs, the formation of new WSDEs, and the functioning of WSDEs. School curricu ...