SUSTAINING RECOVERY AND DYNAMISM FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT 2010
... real interest rates at par with global levels – to keep their exchange rates competitive and to encourage domestic economic growth. And while they will inevitably have to move toward fiscal consolidation they will have to judge the timing and sequencing carefully if they are not to choke off economi ...
... real interest rates at par with global levels – to keep their exchange rates competitive and to encourage domestic economic growth. And while they will inevitably have to move toward fiscal consolidation they will have to judge the timing and sequencing carefully if they are not to choke off economi ...
World Economic Outlook: Crisis and Recovery, April 2009
... Even with determined steps to return the financial sector to health and continued use of macroeconomic policy levers to support aggregate demand, global activity is projected to contract by 1.3 percent in 2009. This represents the deepest post–World War II recession by far. Moreover, the downturn is ...
... Even with determined steps to return the financial sector to health and continued use of macroeconomic policy levers to support aggregate demand, global activity is projected to contract by 1.3 percent in 2009. This represents the deepest post–World War II recession by far. Moreover, the downturn is ...
Creative Productivity Index: Analysing Creativity and Innovation in Asia
... to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ...
... to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ...
On the Receiving End? External Conditions and Emerging
... history, it analyzes whether the role of external conditions in determining emerging market economies’ growth has fundamentally changed in recent years. •• Second, it documents how the heterogeneity in the incidence of external shocks across emerging market economies relates to differences in their ...
... history, it analyzes whether the role of external conditions in determining emerging market economies’ growth has fundamentally changed in recent years. •• Second, it documents how the heterogeneity in the incidence of external shocks across emerging market economies relates to differences in their ...
The Effect of Corruption on FDI Inflow: Empirical Evidence from
... phenomenon in recent times has been the acquisition of large volumes of loans by many entrepreneurs in South-East Asian countries by colluding with bank officials. These resources, sometimes obtained by fraudulent means, were often invested in unproductive sectors or activities and which contributed ...
... phenomenon in recent times has been the acquisition of large volumes of loans by many entrepreneurs in South-East Asian countries by colluding with bank officials. These resources, sometimes obtained by fraudulent means, were often invested in unproductive sectors or activities and which contributed ...
Bootstrapping estimates for a public expenditure model
... is no clear cut answer as to the desired pattern. While Keynesian models suggest that government expenditures should increase during recessions to fuel economic recovery, tax-smoothing models a la Barro (1979) would indicate that fiscal policy should remain neutral over the cycle.2 The existing empi ...
... is no clear cut answer as to the desired pattern. While Keynesian models suggest that government expenditures should increase during recessions to fuel economic recovery, tax-smoothing models a la Barro (1979) would indicate that fiscal policy should remain neutral over the cycle.2 The existing empi ...
Official PDF , 37 pages
... sovereign debt. The third dimension involves factors that could stress private sector balance sheets, and eventually lead to the buildup of contingent …scal liabilities— such as the ratio of external debtto-GDP or to foreign reserves, the share of short-term debt in external debt, and domestic credi ...
... sovereign debt. The third dimension involves factors that could stress private sector balance sheets, and eventually lead to the buildup of contingent …scal liabilities— such as the ratio of external debtto-GDP or to foreign reserves, the share of short-term debt in external debt, and domestic credi ...
Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences
... regulation in the official economy, especially of labor markets; forced reduction of weekly working time; earlier retirement; unemployment; and the decline of civic virtue and loyalty towards public institutions combined with a declining tax morale. An interdisciplinary analysis of the causes of the ...
... regulation in the official economy, especially of labor markets; forced reduction of weekly working time; earlier retirement; unemployment; and the decline of civic virtue and loyalty towards public institutions combined with a declining tax morale. An interdisciplinary analysis of the causes of the ...
Deflation: Determinants, Risks and Policy Options -- Findings
... characteristics. The magnitude of the overall bias due to these three factors varies across countries, but is generally perceived to range between ½ to 1 percentage point.5 ...
... characteristics. The magnitude of the overall bias due to these three factors varies across countries, but is generally perceived to range between ½ to 1 percentage point.5 ...
The Long View How will the global economic order change by 2050?
... Nigeria has the potential to be the fastest growing large African economy and could move up the GDP rankings from 22nd place to 14th by 2050. But Nigeria will only realise this potential if it can diversify its economy away from oil and strengthen its institutions and infrastructure. Colombia and Po ...
... Nigeria has the potential to be the fastest growing large African economy and could move up the GDP rankings from 22nd place to 14th by 2050. But Nigeria will only realise this potential if it can diversify its economy away from oil and strengthen its institutions and infrastructure. Colombia and Po ...
The Long View How will the global economic order change
... Nigeria has the potential to be the fastest growing large African economy and could move up the GDP rankings from 22nd place to 14th by 2050. But Nigeria will only realise this potential if it can diversify its economy away from oil and strengthen its institutions and infrastructure. Colombia and Po ...
... Nigeria has the potential to be the fastest growing large African economy and could move up the GDP rankings from 22nd place to 14th by 2050. But Nigeria will only realise this potential if it can diversify its economy away from oil and strengthen its institutions and infrastructure. Colombia and Po ...
International Institutions and Domestic Compensation: The IMF and the Politics of Financial Liberalization
... 1978 approximately “43% of IMF financial stabilization programs have influenced recipient countries to liberalize their capital account while the remaining 57% had no noticeable effect” (IMF 2002, 9). Thus, it seems clear that IMF programs are frequently an important catalyst for capital account li ...
... 1978 approximately “43% of IMF financial stabilization programs have influenced recipient countries to liberalize their capital account while the remaining 57% had no noticeable effect” (IMF 2002, 9). Thus, it seems clear that IMF programs are frequently an important catalyst for capital account li ...
Economic Stagnation and Stable Growth: The Persistence and
... the episodes of different growth regimes. First, a number of within-country analyses suggest that political transitions may effectively accelerate economic growth (Hausman et al (2004), Rodrik and Wacziarg (2005)). However, the question remains open how sustainable are the growth accelerations gener ...
... the episodes of different growth regimes. First, a number of within-country analyses suggest that political transitions may effectively accelerate economic growth (Hausman et al (2004), Rodrik and Wacziarg (2005)). However, the question remains open how sustainable are the growth accelerations gener ...
World Economic Outlook: Housing and the Business Cycle
... exchange rate mechanism II (ERM II), which are assumed to remain constant in nominal terms relative to the euro; (2) that established policies of national authorities will be maintained (for specific assumptions about fiscal and monetary policies in industrial countries, see Box A1); (3) that the av ...
... exchange rate mechanism II (ERM II), which are assumed to remain constant in nominal terms relative to the euro; (2) that established policies of national authorities will be maintained (for specific assumptions about fiscal and monetary policies in industrial countries, see Box A1); (3) that the av ...
Fiscal Policy and the Current Account
... estimates of current account responsiveness to fiscal policy, the latter proxied by the cyclicallyadjusted primary balance. The regressions also help identify factors affecting this responsiveness, such as exchange rate regime, level of financial and trade openness, whether the economy is below or a ...
... estimates of current account responsiveness to fiscal policy, the latter proxied by the cyclicallyadjusted primary balance. The regressions also help identify factors affecting this responsiveness, such as exchange rate regime, level of financial and trade openness, whether the economy is below or a ...
Health, Development, and the Demographic Transition Matteo Cervellati Uwe Sunde Version 1.1
... Transitions from stagnant economic environments to developed economies characterized by permanent growth and better living conditions are often characterized by substantial changes in many dimensions of human life. In the Western world, for example, aggregate and per capita income displayed a virtua ...
... Transitions from stagnant economic environments to developed economies characterized by permanent growth and better living conditions are often characterized by substantial changes in many dimensions of human life. In the Western world, for example, aggregate and per capita income displayed a virtua ...
efficiency of the transition of insurance markets in south
... confidence in state solvency. Some types of insurance were provided even without a written contract between the insurer and the insured. As pointed out by Dorfman and Ennsfellner (2001, p. 3-5), the absence of an insurance-oriented culture and lack of demand for insurance were major limits to the de ...
... confidence in state solvency. Some types of insurance were provided even without a written contract between the insurer and the insured. As pointed out by Dorfman and Ennsfellner (2001, p. 3-5), the absence of an insurance-oriented culture and lack of demand for insurance were major limits to the de ...
The Caucasus and Central Asia: Transitioning to Emerging
... transition; and (iii) their reliance on volatile commodity exports and on ...
... transition; and (iii) their reliance on volatile commodity exports and on ...
Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New
... An increase of the shadow economy can lead to reduced state revenues which in turn reduce the quality and quantity of publicly provided goods and services. Ultimately, this can lead to an increase in the tax rates for firms and individuals in the official sector, quite often combined with a deterior ...
... An increase of the shadow economy can lead to reduced state revenues which in turn reduce the quality and quantity of publicly provided goods and services. Ultimately, this can lead to an increase in the tax rates for firms and individuals in the official sector, quite often combined with a deterior ...
2
... the number of employees, invested capital, sales volume and revenues, or production capacity. However, two common characteristics of SMEs in the region are: (a) the majority are small, employing fewer than 100 people; and (b) they typically make up over 90 per cent of registered enterprises in any g ...
... the number of employees, invested capital, sales volume and revenues, or production capacity. However, two common characteristics of SMEs in the region are: (a) the majority are small, employing fewer than 100 people; and (b) they typically make up over 90 per cent of registered enterprises in any g ...
Durable Goods, Financial Frictions, and Business Cycles in
... economies. Second, consumption expenditure is more volatile than output in emerging markets while it is not (quite) as volatile as output in developed economies. Third, net exports are more volatile and more countercyclical in emerging markets when compared to developed economies. Finally, real inte ...
... economies. Second, consumption expenditure is more volatile than output in emerging markets while it is not (quite) as volatile as output in developed economies. Third, net exports are more volatile and more countercyclical in emerging markets when compared to developed economies. Finally, real inte ...
Romania and the IMF: The Effects of IMF Support on
... financial discipline in the public sector, and the evolution of macroeconomic indicators. We have so far found that, even as IMF loan conditions cannot be claimed to have been satisfactorily fulfilled in any of these areas, with the exception of the current evolution of macroeconomic indicators, it ...
... financial discipline in the public sector, and the evolution of macroeconomic indicators. We have so far found that, even as IMF loan conditions cannot be claimed to have been satisfactorily fulfilled in any of these areas, with the exception of the current evolution of macroeconomic indicators, it ...
ciclos de negocios en países emergentes: el rol de los bienes
... behavior of nondurable and durable consumption expenditure provides important information to estimate the model and the parameters of the productivity processes. Thus, our estimation results allow us to assess the role that financial frictions and productivity shocks play in driving aggregate fluctu ...
... behavior of nondurable and durable consumption expenditure provides important information to estimate the model and the parameters of the productivity processes. Thus, our estimation results allow us to assess the role that financial frictions and productivity shocks play in driving aggregate fluctu ...
Shifting to a Green Economy - Stockholm Environment Institute
... opportunities have not led to a widespread shift towards low-carbon economies. There have, indeed, been some notable initiatives to lower emissions, such as Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) policy (Dehmer 2013) and China’s efforts to curb its emissions (Garnaut 2014). Yet these examples st ...
... opportunities have not led to a widespread shift towards low-carbon economies. There have, indeed, been some notable initiatives to lower emissions, such as Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) policy (Dehmer 2013) and China’s efforts to curb its emissions (Garnaut 2014). Yet these examples st ...