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High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging
High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging

Use of Broadband, Continuous-Wave Diode Lasers in Cavity Ring
Use of Broadband, Continuous-Wave Diode Lasers in Cavity Ring

Confocal optical microscopy
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... 250 nm) to the far infrared (∼ 3 µm), with incoherent white light from incandescent filaments being the most common. Lasers have high radiance and are monochromatic. Their coherence leads to differences in imaging that are the subject of extensive exploration. Conventional microscopes generally use ...
DIGITAL OFF-AXIS HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY: FROM CELLS
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... In this review, we survey the applications of DoHM to investigate living biological specimens, which end with the values of physiological relevant parameters. DoHM is an optoelectronic technique, which allows real time measurements, full-field (phase and amplitude) at the level of single living cell ...
4F system 4F system with defocused input 4F system with defocused
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DIGITAL OFF-AXIS HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY: FROM CELLS
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... In this review, we survey the applications of DoHM to investigate living biological specimens, which end with the values of physiological relevant parameters. DoHM is an optoelectronic technique, which allows real time measurements, full-field (phase and amplitude) at the level of single living cell ...
Lasers and lenses - University of Toronto
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... COHERENT SPECTRUM ANALYZER WITH MATRIX DETECTOR Object of study is the process of converting the light field in the coherent optical spectrum analyzers by performing spatial Fourier transform of the test signal. The subject of the study is the generalized characteristics of the coherent spectrum ana ...
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... Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a wellknown technique for rapid, in situ analysis of materials. It is a promising approach for standoff detection of potentially hazardous or difficult to access nuclear materials. LIBS employs an intense laser pulse to generate a plasma on the surface of a ta ...
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TEM - UiO
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... If a sample is crystalline, many of the electrons will undergo elastic scattering from the various (hkl) planes. This scattering produces many diffracted beams. If any of these diffracted beams is allowed to pass through the objective aperture a dark field image is obtained. In order to reduce spher ...
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The Analysis of Liquid Crystal Phases using Polarized Optical
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... the non-plarized white light are splitted into two ray as it passes through the prism. The one travels out of the prism is called ordinary ray, and the other one is called extraordinary ray. So if we have a birefringent specimen located between the polarizer and analyzer, the initial light will be s ...
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The optics and performance of dual-focus fluorescence correlation
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Optical pulse generation using a low-voltage electro-optic
Optical pulse generation using a low-voltage electro-optic

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Super-resolution microscopy

Super-resolution microscopy is a form of light microscopy. Due to the diffraction of light, the resolution of conventional light microscopy is limited as stated by Ernst Abbe in 1873. A good approximation of the resolution attainable is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the point spread function, and a precise widefield microscope with high numerical aperture and visible light usually reaches a resolution of ~250 nm.Super-resolution techniques allow the capture of images with a higher resolution than the diffraction limit. They fall into two broad categories, ""true"" super-resolution techniques, which capture information contained in evanescent waves, and ""functional"" super-resolution techniques, which use clever experimental techniques and known limitations on the matter being imaged to reconstruct a super-resolution image.True subwavelength imaging techniques include those that utilize the Pendry Superlens and near field scanning optical microscopy, the 4Pi Microscope and structured illumination microscopy technologies like SIM and SMI. However, the majority of techniques of importance in biological imaging fall into the functional category.There are two major groups of methods for functional super-resolution microscopy: Deterministic super-resolution: The most commonly used emitters in biological microscopy, fluorophores, show a nonlinear response to excitation, and this nonlinear response can be exploited to enhance resolution. These methods include STED, GSD, RESOLFT and SSIM. Stochastic super-resolution: The chemical complexity of many molecular light sources gives them a complex temporal behaviour, which can be used to make several close-by fluorophores emit light at separate times and thereby become resolvable in time. These methods include SOFI and all single-molecule localization methods (SMLM) such as SPDM, SPDMphymod, PALM, FPALM, STORM and dSTORM.On October 8th, 2014, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, W.E. Moerner and Stefan Hell for ""the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy,"" which brings ""optical microscopy into the nanodimension"".
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