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a timeline of particle accelerators
a timeline of particle accelerators

081126-IRRAD-WG-hadron-facilities
081126-IRRAD-WG-hadron-facilities

... Solution according to present requirements: Build or extend high intensity proton irradiation facility somewhere in accelerator complex where energy is between some hundred MeV and some tens of GeV. East Hall? In view of future accelerator complex upgrades and condition maybe not the best location t ...
Saturation Physics Yuri Kovchegov The Ohio State University
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... The powers of the parameter α ln s without multiple rescatterings are resummed by the BFKL equation. Start with N particles in the proton’s wave function. As we increase the energy a new particle can be emitted by either one of the N particles. The number of newly emitted particles is proportional t ...
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Microsoft Word Format - University of Toronto Physics

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... force produced by the magnetic field. Beta: Beta changes direction because • Flemings left hand rule (or other suitable hand rule) predicts this Beta has a large / larger deflection because • Beta has much smaller mass (1 / 8000 × compared with alpha) so it affected more by the force produced by the ...
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... force produced by the magnetic field. Beta: Beta changes direction because • Flemings left hand rule (or other suitable hand rule) predicts this Beta has a large / larger deflection because • Beta has much smaller mass (1 / 8000  compared with alpha) so it affected more by the force produced by the ...
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Towards a quantum gas of polar RbCs RbCs molecules

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Antimatter

In particle physics, antimatter is material composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charges, as well as other particle properties such as lepton and baryon numbers and quantum spin. Collisions between particles and antiparticles lead to the annihilation of both, giving rise to variable proportions of intense photons (gamma rays), neutrinos, and less massive particle–antiparticle pairs. The total consequence of annihilation is a release of energy available for work, proportional to the total matter and antimatter mass, in accord with the mass–energy equivalence equation, E = mc2.Antiparticles bind with each other to form antimatter, just as ordinary particles bind to form normal matter. For example, a positron (the antiparticle of the electron) and an antiproton (the antiparticle of the proton) can form an antihydrogen atom. Physical principles indicate that complex antimatter atomic nuclei are possible, as well as anti-atoms corresponding to the known chemical elements. Studies of cosmic rays have identified both positrons and antiprotons, presumably produced by collisions between particles of ordinary matter. Satellite-based searches of cosmic rays for antideuteron and antihelium particles have yielded nothing. There is considerable speculation as to why the observable universe is composed almost entirely of ordinary matter, as opposed to a more even mixture of matter and antimatter. This asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the visible universe is one of the great unsolved problems in physics. The process by which this inequality between particles and antiparticles developed is called baryogenesis.Antimatter in the form of anti-atoms is one of the most difficult materials to produce. Antimatter in the form of individual anti-particles, however, is commonly produced by particle accelerators and in some types of radioactive decay. The nuclei of antihelium (both helium-3 and helium-4) have been artificially produced with difficulty. These are the most complex anti-nuclei so far observed.
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