Quality Status Report 2000 - QSR 2010
... Illustration credits and copyrights Many of the figures in this report were provided by the Regional Task Teams and their source references are given in the captions. Credits and copyrights for the additional photographs are as follows: The photographs on the cover illustrate some of the many differ ...
... Illustration credits and copyrights Many of the figures in this report were provided by the Regional Task Teams and their source references are given in the captions. Credits and copyrights for the additional photographs are as follows: The photographs on the cover illustrate some of the many differ ...
The Influence of CO2 Enrichment on Net Photosynthesis of
... short-term natural fluctuations of environmental factors exerts interactive effects on the photosynthetic rate of Z. marina. Our hypotheses were that the photosynthetic rate of Z. marina increases with the elevated pCO2 levels and that the response would vary depending on the surrounding meteorologi ...
... short-term natural fluctuations of environmental factors exerts interactive effects on the photosynthetic rate of Z. marina. Our hypotheses were that the photosynthetic rate of Z. marina increases with the elevated pCO2 levels and that the response would vary depending on the surrounding meteorologi ...
ArcCoML - Arctic Ocean Diversity
... The Arctic sea ice and its related biota are unique, and its year-round existence allowed the development of ice endemic species. The specialized, sympagic (=ice-associated) community within the sea ice is found in the liquid filled network of pores and brine channels (Weissenberger et al. 1992; Eic ...
... The Arctic sea ice and its related biota are unique, and its year-round existence allowed the development of ice endemic species. The specialized, sympagic (=ice-associated) community within the sea ice is found in the liquid filled network of pores and brine channels (Weissenberger et al. 1992; Eic ...
Simulation of the mantle and crustal helium isotope
... to be improved: in the eastern basin, tritium/helium-3 simulations have highlighted the too-weak formation of Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW), followed by a weak contribution to the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW) in the Ionian sub-basin. In the western basin, the production of WMDW is correct, b ...
... to be improved: in the eastern basin, tritium/helium-3 simulations have highlighted the too-weak formation of Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW), followed by a weak contribution to the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW) in the Ionian sub-basin. In the western basin, the production of WMDW is correct, b ...
fisheries cooperation in the mediterranean and the black sea
... constructed, but also a sizeable handicap for their implementation. This “regional tradition” is therefore one of the most valuable assets of the region. Many problems in the marine environment, that attempts have been made to solve cooperatively on the regional scale, still persist (overfishing) bu ...
... constructed, but also a sizeable handicap for their implementation. This “regional tradition” is therefore one of the most valuable assets of the region. Many problems in the marine environment, that attempts have been made to solve cooperatively on the regional scale, still persist (overfishing) bu ...
Physical Oceanographic Assessment of the Nautilus EIS for the
... able to feel confident that the approvals process is open and based on the best available science. The EIS fails to provide the basic information needed to assess the risk of pollution of the environment or the risk to local communities. As time goes by, the people of PNG seem to be increasingly con ...
... able to feel confident that the approvals process is open and based on the best available science. The EIS fails to provide the basic information needed to assess the risk of pollution of the environment or the risk to local communities. As time goes by, the people of PNG seem to be increasingly con ...
Ocean Upper Mantle Initiative: The oceanic lithosphere and its
... Lenardic et al., 2003) and regional uplift? Is edge-driven convection an alternative to plumes for explaining hot spot volcanism (e.g. King and Ritsema, 2000)? May edge-driven convection explain the Bermuda Rise (Vogt, 1991), the North Atlantic Tertiary volcanics (e.g. Holbrook et al., 1993), and th ...
... Lenardic et al., 2003) and regional uplift? Is edge-driven convection an alternative to plumes for explaining hot spot volcanism (e.g. King and Ritsema, 2000)? May edge-driven convection explain the Bermuda Rise (Vogt, 1991), the North Atlantic Tertiary volcanics (e.g. Holbrook et al., 1993), and th ...
The deep-sea floor ecosystem - School of Ocean and Earth Science
... to predict anthropogenic changes to this ecosystem by the year 2025. The deep-sea floor ecosystem is one of the largest on the planet, covering roughly 60% of the Earth’s solid surface. Despite this vast size, our knowledge of the deep sea is poor relative to other marine ecosystems, and future huma ...
... to predict anthropogenic changes to this ecosystem by the year 2025. The deep-sea floor ecosystem is one of the largest on the planet, covering roughly 60% of the Earth’s solid surface. Despite this vast size, our knowledge of the deep sea is poor relative to other marine ecosystems, and future huma ...
Emergency Oceans Rescue Plan
... Resolution 61/105 calling on States to ensure the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems threatened by bottom trawling and other fishing activities.12 Again, the extent of such closures is clearly insufficient. A recent review conducted jointly by the International Programme on the State of the ...
... Resolution 61/105 calling on States to ensure the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems threatened by bottom trawling and other fishing activities.12 Again, the extent of such closures is clearly insufficient. A recent review conducted jointly by the International Programme on the State of the ...
Emergency Oceans Rescue Plan
... Resolution 61/105 calling on States to ensure the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems threatened by bottom trawling and other fishing activities.12 Again, the extent of such closures is clearly insufficient. A recent review conducted jointly by the International Programme on the State of the ...
... Resolution 61/105 calling on States to ensure the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems threatened by bottom trawling and other fishing activities.12 Again, the extent of such closures is clearly insufficient. A recent review conducted jointly by the International Programme on the State of the ...
Strategic Research Agenda for the Black Sea Basin - SEAS-ERA
... organised a joint €5 million call for proposals; AMPERA (www.cid.csic.es/ampera/index.php) involved 10 partners from 8 countries and organised a joint €2.25 million call for proposals; and MariFish (www.marifish.net) with 18 partners from 16 countries organised a joint €4.1 million call for proposal ...
... organised a joint €5 million call for proposals; AMPERA (www.cid.csic.es/ampera/index.php) involved 10 partners from 8 countries and organised a joint €2.25 million call for proposals; and MariFish (www.marifish.net) with 18 partners from 16 countries organised a joint €4.1 million call for proposal ...
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle
... processes such as mixing, eddy diffusion, and downwelling, and as calcium carbonate minerals.20 Remineralization (or decomposition) processes return some of the organic carbon to dissolved carbon dioxide and regenerate nutrients within the water column. The amount of new carbon fixed during photosyn ...
... processes such as mixing, eddy diffusion, and downwelling, and as calcium carbonate minerals.20 Remineralization (or decomposition) processes return some of the organic carbon to dissolved carbon dioxide and regenerate nutrients within the water column. The amount of new carbon fixed during photosyn ...
Report on Climate Change and Carrying Capacity of the North
... resources. For example, approximately half of the total U.S. fisheries catch is removed from waters off the coast of Alaska (Anon. 1993). Many studies have shown a strong connection between climatic variables and indices of fish abundance and distribution in the North Pacific (see collection of pape ...
... resources. For example, approximately half of the total U.S. fisheries catch is removed from waters off the coast of Alaska (Anon. 1993). Many studies have shown a strong connection between climatic variables and indices of fish abundance and distribution in the North Pacific (see collection of pape ...
Biogeochemical and physical controls on concentrations of
... rotary evaporation to half the initial volume and was then submitted to liquid‐liquid extraction with 25 ml hexane for three times. The hexane extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, combined with the dichloromethane fraction and rotary evaporated for purification on a column filled with ...
... rotary evaporation to half the initial volume and was then submitted to liquid‐liquid extraction with 25 ml hexane for three times. The hexane extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, combined with the dichloromethane fraction and rotary evaporated for purification on a column filled with ...
IOC/WESTPAC International Scientific Symposium: Role of Ocean
... forced by the circulation in the South China Sea which was controlled by the large regional scale monsoon system. Professor Tetsuo Yanagi presented three models based on different concepts. In the first model, a large scale hydrodynamic model for the South China Sea where Gulf of Thailand was a smal ...
... forced by the circulation in the South China Sea which was controlled by the large regional scale monsoon system. Professor Tetsuo Yanagi presented three models based on different concepts. In the first model, a large scale hydrodynamic model for the South China Sea where Gulf of Thailand was a smal ...
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle - Center for Microbial Oceanography
... fluxes and preanthropogenic DIP river concentrations of 0.23-0.32 µM, Compton et al.38 estimate the river flux to be (0.8-1.5) × 1010 mol/year for dissolved inorganic P (DIP) and a flux of 0.6 × 1010 mol/year for dissolved organic P (DOP) (See Table 1 in ref 38 for details). Much of the P in rivers ...
... fluxes and preanthropogenic DIP river concentrations of 0.23-0.32 µM, Compton et al.38 estimate the river flux to be (0.8-1.5) × 1010 mol/year for dissolved inorganic P (DIP) and a flux of 0.6 × 1010 mol/year for dissolved organic P (DOP) (See Table 1 in ref 38 for details). Much of the P in rivers ...
Answers to: Ocean Clean Up Coming Now
... there's more than one of these patches. At least one more lies in the Pacific, and they dot the entire globe. Most often, "Great Pacific Garbage Patch" refers to the one extending from Hawaii to San Francisco. That patch of trash is supposed to be the biggest, sporting an impressive 3.5 million tons ...
... there's more than one of these patches. At least one more lies in the Pacific, and they dot the entire globe. Most often, "Great Pacific Garbage Patch" refers to the one extending from Hawaii to San Francisco. That patch of trash is supposed to be the biggest, sporting an impressive 3.5 million tons ...
Fulltext: english,
... and their Disposal (1989, Basel, Switzerland) (UNEP, 2011). Its objective is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes, its principal aims are: (a) the reduction of hazardous waste generation and the promotion of environmentally sound management of ...
... and their Disposal (1989, Basel, Switzerland) (UNEP, 2011). Its objective is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes, its principal aims are: (a) the reduction of hazardous waste generation and the promotion of environmentally sound management of ...
Large Marine Ecosystems
... 2.6 Degradation and loss of habitat is of major concern in LMEs. Twenty per cent of global mangrove area was lost from 1980 to 2005. Loss continues at about 1 per cent per year, mainly driven by land clearing for development. By 2030, more than half of warm-water coral reefs are projected to be at ...
... 2.6 Degradation and loss of habitat is of major concern in LMEs. Twenty per cent of global mangrove area was lost from 1980 to 2005. Loss continues at about 1 per cent per year, mainly driven by land clearing for development. By 2030, more than half of warm-water coral reefs are projected to be at ...
tsunamiDescription
... generated in deep water (around 4000 m below mean sea level), tsunami waves are considered shallow-water waves. As the tsunami wave approaches the shallow waters of shore, its time period remains the same, but its wavelength decreases rapidly, thus causing the water to pile up to form tremendous cre ...
... generated in deep water (around 4000 m below mean sea level), tsunami waves are considered shallow-water waves. As the tsunami wave approaches the shallow waters of shore, its time period remains the same, but its wavelength decreases rapidly, thus causing the water to pile up to form tremendous cre ...
A proposed biogeography of the deep ocean floor
... The first explorations of the deep-sea benthos occurred off the coasts of Norway and Britain where the fauna proved to be remarkably similar, suggesting the deep-sea fauna was widely distributed (Koslow, 2007). However, following the Challenger Expedition, Murray and Hjort (1912) proposed there was, ...
... The first explorations of the deep-sea benthos occurred off the coasts of Norway and Britain where the fauna proved to be remarkably similar, suggesting the deep-sea fauna was widely distributed (Koslow, 2007). However, following the Challenger Expedition, Murray and Hjort (1912) proposed there was, ...
Conserving California`s Vibrant Deep-Sea Ecosystems
... significant and underappreciated aspects of our oceans is that it is a spectacularly diverse three -dimensional world. The average depth of the oceans is over 12,000 ft, and 99% of the habitable space on Earth is in the sea. The offshore waters of California reach depths of over 15,000 ft. Two-dimen ...
... significant and underappreciated aspects of our oceans is that it is a spectacularly diverse three -dimensional world. The average depth of the oceans is over 12,000 ft, and 99% of the habitable space on Earth is in the sea. The offshore waters of California reach depths of over 15,000 ft. Two-dimen ...
Key - Scioly.org
... Answer: B a. At the center of the Earth b. At a point inside of the Earth (but not at the center) c. At a point on the Earth’s surface d. At a point 1-2 miles off the surface of the Earth e. At a point halfway between the Earth and Moon f. At a point 1-2 miles off the surface of the Moon g. At a poi ...
... Answer: B a. At the center of the Earth b. At a point inside of the Earth (but not at the center) c. At a point on the Earth’s surface d. At a point 1-2 miles off the surface of the Earth e. At a point halfway between the Earth and Moon f. At a point 1-2 miles off the surface of the Moon g. At a poi ...
Continental Shelf - US Naval War College
... shelf and in evaluating the continental shelf claims of other countries."12 Attached to that memorandum was the statement of policy, which reads: United States Policy Governing The Continental Shelf of the United States of America After reviewing the question of how to define and delimit the contine ...
... shelf and in evaluating the continental shelf claims of other countries."12 Attached to that memorandum was the statement of policy, which reads: United States Policy Governing The Continental Shelf of the United States of America After reviewing the question of how to define and delimit the contine ...
Thoughts on the evolution of modern oceans
... Indian and Atlantic oceans originated during the middle Meso zoic, and that the Arctic Ocean probably began somewhat later, that is, in the late Mesozoic or possibly as late as the Cenozoic. These Russian authors suggested that the world ocean system initially consisted of relatively shallow marine ...
... Indian and Atlantic oceans originated during the middle Meso zoic, and that the Arctic Ocean probably began somewhat later, that is, in the late Mesozoic or possibly as late as the Cenozoic. These Russian authors suggested that the world ocean system initially consisted of relatively shallow marine ...
Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, the sea (with the definite article) is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7). Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).Former changes in the sea levels have left continental shelves, shallow areas in the sea close to land. These nutrient-rich waters teem with life, which provide humans with substantial supplies of food—mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals, and seaweed—which are both harvested in the wild and farmed. The most diverse areas surround great tropical coral reefs. Whaling in the deep sea was once common but whales' dwindling numbers prompted international conservation efforts and finally a moratorium on most commercial hunting. Oceanography has established that not all life is restricted to the sunlit surface waters: even under enormous depths and pressures, nutrients streaming from hydrothermal vents support their own unique ecosystem. Life may have started there and aquatic microbial mats are generally credited with the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere; both plants and animals first evolved in the sea.The sea is an essential aspect of human trade, travel, mineral extraction, and power generation. This has also made it essential to warfare and left major cities exposed to earthquakes and volcanoes from nearby faults; powerful tsunami waves; and hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones produced in the tropics. This importance and duality has affected human culture, from early sea gods to the epic poetry of Homer to the changes induced by the Columbian Exchange, from Viking funerals to Basho's haikus to hyperrealist marine art, and inspiring music ranging from the shanties in The Complaynt of Scotland to Rimsky-Korsakov's ""The Sea and Sinbad's Ship"" to A-mei's ""Listen to the Sea"". It is the scene of leisure activities including swimming, diving, surfing, and sailing. However, population growth, industrialization, and intensive farming have all contributed to present-day marine pollution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is being absorbed in increasing amounts, lowering its pH in a process known as ocean acidification. The shared nature of the sea has made overfishing an increasing problem.