Defending the last ocean
... CCAMLR manages all fisheries south of the Antarctic Convergence, an area between 50° South and 60° South where the cold polar waters meet the warmer waters of the north (a biological barrier to most Southern Ocean species). At present, CCAMLR regulates fisheries for Antarctic krill, Patagonian tooth ...
... CCAMLR manages all fisheries south of the Antarctic Convergence, an area between 50° South and 60° South where the cold polar waters meet the warmer waters of the north (a biological barrier to most Southern Ocean species). At present, CCAMLR regulates fisheries for Antarctic krill, Patagonian tooth ...
The protection and management of the Sargasso Sea: The golden
... within existing agreements; and to stimulate a wider debate on appropriate management and protection for the High Seas. Nine reasons why the Sargasso Sea is important are described and discussed. It is a place of legend with a rich history of great importance to Bermuda; it has an iconic ecosystem b ...
... within existing agreements; and to stimulate a wider debate on appropriate management and protection for the High Seas. Nine reasons why the Sargasso Sea is important are described and discussed. It is a place of legend with a rich history of great importance to Bermuda; it has an iconic ecosystem b ...
Microbial Ecosystem Functions Along the Steep Oxygen
... driver of ecosystem functions and hence a prerequisite for sustaining plant and animal life in the sea and on Earth. Despite its ecological importance, information on the complexity of microbial functions and how these are related to environmental conditions is limited. Due to climate change and eut ...
... driver of ecosystem functions and hence a prerequisite for sustaining plant and animal life in the sea and on Earth. Despite its ecological importance, information on the complexity of microbial functions and how these are related to environmental conditions is limited. Due to climate change and eut ...
Ocean storage
... fication occurs in the ocean as a result of temperature and density gradients. This stratification can be seen in the tropical ocean temperature profile shown in Figure 12.5. A warmer, less dense upper layer is separated from the colder, denser deep water by an interval known as the thermocline, whe ...
... fication occurs in the ocean as a result of temperature and density gradients. This stratification can be seen in the tropical ocean temperature profile shown in Figure 12.5. A warmer, less dense upper layer is separated from the colder, denser deep water by an interval known as the thermocline, whe ...
ENSO and Short-Term Variability of the South Equatorial Current
... 2011. Dynamic heights, cross-track, and zonal geostrophic currents were found relative to 2000 db or the deepest common level. Note that while the Argo depths are reported in pressure units (db), the other datasets used here report depths in meters; as the difference is about 1%, when making direct ...
... 2011. Dynamic heights, cross-track, and zonal geostrophic currents were found relative to 2000 db or the deepest common level. Note that while the Argo depths are reported in pressure units (db), the other datasets used here report depths in meters; as the difference is about 1%, when making direct ...
Where are the polyps? Molecular identification, distribution
... can live for several years (Arai 1997). The transition from polyp to medusae is also a way of asexual reproduction; immature medusae (ephyrae) are released into the water column by strobilation. One polyp can produce as many as 40 ephyrae during each strobilation event (Lucas 2001). Asexual reproduc ...
... can live for several years (Arai 1997). The transition from polyp to medusae is also a way of asexual reproduction; immature medusae (ephyrae) are released into the water column by strobilation. One polyp can produce as many as 40 ephyrae during each strobilation event (Lucas 2001). Asexual reproduc ...
Sulphur Emission and Transformations at Deep Sea Hydrothermal
... and additional sulphur leached from the rocks. Carbon occurs in its most oxidized and most reduced form. While magnesium is depleted, heavy metals and calcium are also enriched (Edmond et at., 1982). The location and the rate at which the mixing of hydrothermal fluid with ambient seawater takes plac ...
... and additional sulphur leached from the rocks. Carbon occurs in its most oxidized and most reduced form. While magnesium is depleted, heavy metals and calcium are also enriched (Edmond et at., 1982). The location and the rate at which the mixing of hydrothermal fluid with ambient seawater takes plac ...
IMPLICATIONS OF THE LAW OF THE SEA FOR AFRICAN
... century. The super powers came in not only to challenge the European dominance of the seas but were also interested in maximizing the freedom of marine communication. The second challenge came as a result of growing nationalism and demands for economic freedom by the developing states, majority of w ...
... century. The super powers came in not only to challenge the European dominance of the seas but were also interested in maximizing the freedom of marine communication. The second challenge came as a result of growing nationalism and demands for economic freedom by the developing states, majority of w ...
one ocean final.indd
... of the Earth (and oceans) using the Time Machine feature of the One Ocean website (cbc.ca/oneocean) as a starting point. For each important event indicate the name and location (ocean or land) and include a sketch or picture related to the event. Put this information on cards, and on the back write ...
... of the Earth (and oceans) using the Time Machine feature of the One Ocean website (cbc.ca/oneocean) as a starting point. For each important event indicate the name and location (ocean or land) and include a sketch or picture related to the event. Put this information on cards, and on the back write ...
Tsunami background reading
... wave height can grow significantly – up to several metres. It is not so much this movement of water but the energy moving through it that makes tsunami so dangerous. This is when the potential for inundation of normally dry land occurs. Dangerous rips and currents A relatively small tsunami may stil ...
... wave height can grow significantly – up to several metres. It is not so much this movement of water but the energy moving through it that makes tsunami so dangerous. This is when the potential for inundation of normally dry land occurs. Dangerous rips and currents A relatively small tsunami may stil ...
Winddriven spreading of fresh surface water beneath ice shelves in
... sector of Antarctica [Nicholls et al., 2009]. WDW normally resides below the shelf break depth north of the ice shelf front. But egresses of WDW onto the shelf and into the ice shelf cavities could lead to strong basal mass loss along the coast of the Weddell Sea [Hellmer, 2004; Smedsrud et al., 200 ...
... sector of Antarctica [Nicholls et al., 2009]. WDW normally resides below the shelf break depth north of the ice shelf front. But egresses of WDW onto the shelf and into the ice shelf cavities could lead to strong basal mass loss along the coast of the Weddell Sea [Hellmer, 2004; Smedsrud et al., 200 ...
DEEP SEA. WASTE DISPOSAL
... considering the research required for high level disposal in the deep ocean. The International Council of Scientific Unions has recently considered (at the lyth General Assembly) a report on the "Question of ICSU involvement in the problem of disposal of nuclear wastes" in which it was proposed to s ...
... considering the research required for high level disposal in the deep ocean. The International Council of Scientific Unions has recently considered (at the lyth General Assembly) a report on the "Question of ICSU involvement in the problem of disposal of nuclear wastes" in which it was proposed to s ...
Management Plan for the Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) in Canada Sea
... “Special Concern” under the Species at Risk Act (SARA) in March 2009. The Sea Otter was originally listed as “Threatened” under the Act, but was subsequently listed at a lower risk level of “Special Concern” following the 2007 assessment by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canad ...
... “Special Concern” under the Species at Risk Act (SARA) in March 2009. The Sea Otter was originally listed as “Threatened” under the Act, but was subsequently listed at a lower risk level of “Special Concern” following the 2007 assessment by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canad ...
Marine Science Textbook - Dakota State University
... Introduction: The Nature of Seawater—Physical and Chemical Properties ... 61 Seawater: So Much to See, So Little to Drink ....................................................... 62 Salinity: Water and Salt ........................................................................................... 63 ...
... Introduction: The Nature of Seawater—Physical and Chemical Properties ... 61 Seawater: So Much to See, So Little to Drink ....................................................... 62 Salinity: Water and Salt ........................................................................................... 63 ...
tsunamis - Cairns Regional Council
... normally dry land areas. If you click on the animations below you can see how the motion of a wind swell wave differs from that of a tsunami. Tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths, up to hundreds of kilometres, even as they reach shallow coastal water. The second and third waves can arrive 10 min ...
... normally dry land areas. If you click on the animations below you can see how the motion of a wind swell wave differs from that of a tsunami. Tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths, up to hundreds of kilometres, even as they reach shallow coastal water. The second and third waves can arrive 10 min ...
Cell-free extracellular enzymatic activity is linked
... Potential sources of cell-free EEA include direct EE release from cells in response to appropriate substrate (Alderkamp et al., 2007), to bacterial starvation (Albertson et al., 1990), to changes in cell permeability (Chrost, 1991), to viral lysis (Karner and Rassoulzadegan, 1995), and to protist gr ...
... Potential sources of cell-free EEA include direct EE release from cells in response to appropriate substrate (Alderkamp et al., 2007), to bacterial starvation (Albertson et al., 1990), to changes in cell permeability (Chrost, 1991), to viral lysis (Karner and Rassoulzadegan, 1995), and to protist gr ...
MINISTRY OF OCEAN DEVELOPMENT ANNUAL REPORT 2005-06
... heat fluxes associated with thermal convection, gravity waves, katabatic winds and all other ABL phenomena over the Schirmacher region, Antarctica, signatures of long-period acoustic gravity in the lower atmosphere, validation of katabatic wind model developed earlier, and investigation of the spati ...
... heat fluxes associated with thermal convection, gravity waves, katabatic winds and all other ABL phenomena over the Schirmacher region, Antarctica, signatures of long-period acoustic gravity in the lower atmosphere, validation of katabatic wind model developed earlier, and investigation of the spati ...
Tasks - Cineplex
... Nearly everything about this liquid world is large. It covers more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface. All of Earth’s dry land could fit inside just one ocean—the Pacific. The deepest valleys cut through the ocean floor and the tallest mountains rise above it. Nearly everywhere you look you find lif ...
... Nearly everything about this liquid world is large. It covers more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface. All of Earth’s dry land could fit inside just one ocean—the Pacific. The deepest valleys cut through the ocean floor and the tallest mountains rise above it. Nearly everywhere you look you find lif ...
Review of the Current State of Development and the Potential for
... A hydrothermal vent is a geyser on the seafloor which gushes hot water into the cold, deep ocean. These hot springs are heated by molten rock below the seabed (Gage and Tyler, 1991). Deep-sea vents have been found in the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic and Indian Oceans (Little and Vrijenhoek, 2003). They ...
... A hydrothermal vent is a geyser on the seafloor which gushes hot water into the cold, deep ocean. These hot springs are heated by molten rock below the seabed (Gage and Tyler, 1991). Deep-sea vents have been found in the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic and Indian Oceans (Little and Vrijenhoek, 2003). They ...
Oceans Educator`s Guide
... Nearly everything about this liquid world is large. It covers more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface. All of Earth’s dry land could fit inside just one ocean—the Pacific. The deepest valleys cut through the ocean floor and the tallest mountains rise above it. Nearly everywhere you look you find lif ...
... Nearly everything about this liquid world is large. It covers more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface. All of Earth’s dry land could fit inside just one ocean—the Pacific. The deepest valleys cut through the ocean floor and the tallest mountains rise above it. Nearly everywhere you look you find lif ...
Oceanography 1 Workbook Instructor: Katryn Wiese - FOG
... engage in person 3 hours per week. For online, it’s more challenging because your engagement is virtual through online discussion forums. I HIGHLY encourage ALL students to create face-to-face study groups (either using S45 study sessions or local coffee shops and library rooms). Suggestions: to ens ...
... engage in person 3 hours per week. For online, it’s more challenging because your engagement is virtual through online discussion forums. I HIGHLY encourage ALL students to create face-to-face study groups (either using S45 study sessions or local coffee shops and library rooms). Suggestions: to ens ...
On the total geostrophic circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean: Flow
... The characteristics used as tracers have various sources and lie in various ranges of depth and density, and are spread throughout the ocean by both flow and mixing. Their patterns are examined along vertical sections and along isopycnal surfaces. In some density ranges the patterns are sharply defi ...
... The characteristics used as tracers have various sources and lie in various ranges of depth and density, and are spread throughout the ocean by both flow and mixing. Their patterns are examined along vertical sections and along isopycnal surfaces. In some density ranges the patterns are sharply defi ...
Marine Biodiversity Conservation Strategy
... and use of the oceans with the conservation of the marine environment, under the international cooperation” Article 18 on the Conservation of Marine Environment, etc. clearly requires “securing the biodiversity in the oceans ” along with reduction of the pollution load caused by water flow into the ...
... and use of the oceans with the conservation of the marine environment, under the international cooperation” Article 18 on the Conservation of Marine Environment, etc. clearly requires “securing the biodiversity in the oceans ” along with reduction of the pollution load caused by water flow into the ...
SECTION HEADING - School of Ocean and Earth Science and
... disperse over vast distances, and to become amplified over very large areas as they move up deep-sea food webs. Clearly, the unusual characteristics of deep-sea ecosystems present novel challenges to the prediction of anthropogenic impacts and requisite conservation actions. While once considered re ...
... disperse over vast distances, and to become amplified over very large areas as they move up deep-sea food webs. Clearly, the unusual characteristics of deep-sea ecosystems present novel challenges to the prediction of anthropogenic impacts and requisite conservation actions. While once considered re ...
Marine Pollution Bulletin volume …, issue, pages , year
... Mediterranean has been rising steadily over the past 10 years and is projected to increase by a further 18% over the next 10 years. Chemical tanker and container vessels will show the highest rates of growth in respect of port callings within the Mediterranean over the next ten years whilst increase ...
... Mediterranean has been rising steadily over the past 10 years and is projected to increase by a further 18% over the next 10 years. Chemical tanker and container vessels will show the highest rates of growth in respect of port callings within the Mediterranean over the next ten years whilst increase ...
Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, the sea (with the definite article) is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7). Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).Former changes in the sea levels have left continental shelves, shallow areas in the sea close to land. These nutrient-rich waters teem with life, which provide humans with substantial supplies of food—mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals, and seaweed—which are both harvested in the wild and farmed. The most diverse areas surround great tropical coral reefs. Whaling in the deep sea was once common but whales' dwindling numbers prompted international conservation efforts and finally a moratorium on most commercial hunting. Oceanography has established that not all life is restricted to the sunlit surface waters: even under enormous depths and pressures, nutrients streaming from hydrothermal vents support their own unique ecosystem. Life may have started there and aquatic microbial mats are generally credited with the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere; both plants and animals first evolved in the sea.The sea is an essential aspect of human trade, travel, mineral extraction, and power generation. This has also made it essential to warfare and left major cities exposed to earthquakes and volcanoes from nearby faults; powerful tsunami waves; and hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones produced in the tropics. This importance and duality has affected human culture, from early sea gods to the epic poetry of Homer to the changes induced by the Columbian Exchange, from Viking funerals to Basho's haikus to hyperrealist marine art, and inspiring music ranging from the shanties in The Complaynt of Scotland to Rimsky-Korsakov's ""The Sea and Sinbad's Ship"" to A-mei's ""Listen to the Sea"". It is the scene of leisure activities including swimming, diving, surfing, and sailing. However, population growth, industrialization, and intensive farming have all contributed to present-day marine pollution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is being absorbed in increasing amounts, lowering its pH in a process known as ocean acidification. The shared nature of the sea has made overfishing an increasing problem.