Resource Booklet
... There are many reports and articles produced by scientific bodies, governmental agencies, the United Nations which will be referred to throughout the course. Use these openly available resources which have a wealth of scientifically sound information on our ocean and browse through some of these lis ...
... There are many reports and articles produced by scientific bodies, governmental agencies, the United Nations which will be referred to throughout the course. Use these openly available resources which have a wealth of scientifically sound information on our ocean and browse through some of these lis ...
Effects of natural and anthropogenic processes in the distribution of
... dumping from ships and offshore installations (Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2011a; UNEP, 2009). The London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes has been in force since 1975. It was replaced by the London Protocol, which entered into force in 2006, but only four Mediterrane ...
... dumping from ships and offshore installations (Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2011a; UNEP, 2009). The London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes has been in force since 1975. It was replaced by the London Protocol, which entered into force in 2006, but only four Mediterrane ...
From Single Species to the Community Level: Exploring
... Protists are ubiquitous, extremely diverse eukaryotic organisms with pivotal roles in aquatic microbial food webs and ecosystem functioning. However, research has lagged behind that of prokaryotes, and many open questions remain. Here two case studies of under‐res ...
... Protists are ubiquitous, extremely diverse eukaryotic organisms with pivotal roles in aquatic microbial food webs and ecosystem functioning. However, research has lagged behind that of prokaryotes, and many open questions remain. Here two case studies of under‐res ...
Dinitrogen fixation in aphotic oxygenated marine environments
... Rates of N2 fixation were measured in field- collected samples (4.5 L) using the 15 N2 bubble addition technique described by Montoya et al. (1996) and Mulholland et al. (2006) using highly enriched 15 N2 gas (99%). The seawater was dispensed into 4.5 L Nalgene incubation bottles, 9 mL of 15 N2 was ...
... Rates of N2 fixation were measured in field- collected samples (4.5 L) using the 15 N2 bubble addition technique described by Montoya et al. (1996) and Mulholland et al. (2006) using highly enriched 15 N2 gas (99%). The seawater was dispensed into 4.5 L Nalgene incubation bottles, 9 mL of 15 N2 was ...
uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary
... in its ratio to carbon and phosphorus. Measensitivity. However, measurements of primary production alone are not enough to surcments of population growth using nitrogen may, in fact, show less scatter than assess the capacity of a region to support production at higher levels in the food would those ...
... in its ratio to carbon and phosphorus. Measensitivity. However, measurements of primary production alone are not enough to surcments of population growth using nitrogen may, in fact, show less scatter than assess the capacity of a region to support production at higher levels in the food would those ...
Paleoceanographical proxies based on deep-sea
... environments (e.g., Cita & Podenzani, 1980; Mullineaux & Lohmann, 1981; Parisi & Cita, 1982; Van der Zwaan, 1982). Bernhard (1986) showed that taxa inhabiting low oxygen environments are characterised by a specific morphology, often with a maximum surface-to-volume ratio. As a consequence, bottom wa ...
... environments (e.g., Cita & Podenzani, 1980; Mullineaux & Lohmann, 1981; Parisi & Cita, 1982; Van der Zwaan, 1982). Bernhard (1986) showed that taxa inhabiting low oxygen environments are characterised by a specific morphology, often with a maximum surface-to-volume ratio. As a consequence, bottom wa ...
Sea Lice Review and Summary of Research Priorities
... extent to which salmon aquaculture may contribute to this problem. Levels of lice infestation on mariculture and wild fish in the same near-shore waters are suggested to be consistently higher than on fish found offshore or upstream. However, the paucity of information on the prevalence and intensit ...
... extent to which salmon aquaculture may contribute to this problem. Levels of lice infestation on mariculture and wild fish in the same near-shore waters are suggested to be consistently higher than on fish found offshore or upstream. However, the paucity of information on the prevalence and intensit ...
Modelling phytoplankton succession on the Bering
... Several years of continuous physical and biological anomalies have been affecting the Bering Sea shelf ecosystem starting from 1997. Such anomalies reached their peak in a striking visual phenomenon: the first appearance in the area of bright waters caused by massive blooms of the coccolithophore Emi ...
... Several years of continuous physical and biological anomalies have been affecting the Bering Sea shelf ecosystem starting from 1997. Such anomalies reached their peak in a striking visual phenomenon: the first appearance in the area of bright waters caused by massive blooms of the coccolithophore Emi ...
UNOLS Booth at 2014 Ocean Sciences Conference Program
... Limnology and Oceanography poster presenters to be available to talk about their is not allowed at the meeting. For more than 50 years, ASLO has been a leadposters have been scheduled between 16:00 and ing professional organization for researchers and Thank you for your cooperation. 18:00 on Monday ...
... Limnology and Oceanography poster presenters to be available to talk about their is not allowed at the meeting. For more than 50 years, ASLO has been a leadposters have been scheduled between 16:00 and ing professional organization for researchers and Thank you for your cooperation. 18:00 on Monday ...
Provided by the author (s) and NUI Galway in accordance with
... significant source of particles to the deep. An attenuated ‘rain’ of detritus from remote surface water typically delivers 1–10 g Corg m-2yr-1, (Glover and Smith, 2003) but a significant proportion of organic matter is also delivered through lateral advection of particles (e.g. Wollast, 1998; Jahnke ...
... significant source of particles to the deep. An attenuated ‘rain’ of detritus from remote surface water typically delivers 1–10 g Corg m-2yr-1, (Glover and Smith, 2003) but a significant proportion of organic matter is also delivered through lateral advection of particles (e.g. Wollast, 1998; Jahnke ...
MPA Network proposal for the Mediterranean Sea
... The Mediterranean is a biodiversity hot spot. Approximately 17,000 species have been catalogued in the Mediterranean basin, although it is estimated that the list may increase with species that have yet to be discovered (Coll et al, 2010). Generally speaking there is far less knowledge of marine bio ...
... The Mediterranean is a biodiversity hot spot. Approximately 17,000 species have been catalogued in the Mediterranean basin, although it is estimated that the list may increase with species that have yet to be discovered (Coll et al, 2010). Generally speaking there is far less knowledge of marine bio ...
OITHONA SIMILIS (COPEPODA: CYCLOPOIDA) - A - E-LIB
... rostrum like O. similis. The differentiation between these species is also clearly reflected in their position in the neighbour joining tree as Oithona sp. is located on the same branch as O. frigida. Thus, O. similis and other Oithona species inhabiting the investigation areas can clearly be differ ...
... rostrum like O. similis. The differentiation between these species is also clearly reflected in their position in the neighbour joining tree as Oithona sp. is located on the same branch as O. frigida. Thus, O. similis and other Oithona species inhabiting the investigation areas can clearly be differ ...
Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the
... litter accumulation include shores close to populated areas, particularly beaches [30], but also submarine canyons, where litter originating from land accumulates in large quantities [28,31]. In Europe, much has been written on the abundance and distribution of litter on the coastline and in surface ...
... litter accumulation include shores close to populated areas, particularly beaches [30], but also submarine canyons, where litter originating from land accumulates in large quantities [28,31]. In Europe, much has been written on the abundance and distribution of litter on the coastline and in surface ...
(pdf)
... Anthropogenic perturbations may alter N2 fixation in coastal environments through habitat destruction and eutrophication, and open ocean N2 fixation may be enhanced by warming and increased stratification of the upper water column. Global anthropogenic and climatic changes may also affect N2 fixatio ...
... Anthropogenic perturbations may alter N2 fixation in coastal environments through habitat destruction and eutrophication, and open ocean N2 fixation may be enhanced by warming and increased stratification of the upper water column. Global anthropogenic and climatic changes may also affect N2 fixatio ...
An Assessment of the Seasonal Salinity Budget for the Upper Bay of
... Despite this progress, many important questions concerning the seasonality of the bay’s near-surface salinity remain unsatisfactorily answered. While we know that the freshwater fluxes associated with the summer monsoon will act to decrease near-surface salinity, we do not fully understand the mecha ...
... Despite this progress, many important questions concerning the seasonality of the bay’s near-surface salinity remain unsatisfactorily answered. While we know that the freshwater fluxes associated with the summer monsoon will act to decrease near-surface salinity, we do not fully understand the mecha ...
"Marine Biology Honors" as a life science requisite
... Understands how new species arise through reproductive and geographic isolation. Understands fossil evidence for biological diversity and unity, episodic speciation, and species extinction. Understands the use of energy in cellular systems Understands how the light energy is captured by chlorophyll ...
... Understands how new species arise through reproductive and geographic isolation. Understands fossil evidence for biological diversity and unity, episodic speciation, and species extinction. Understands the use of energy in cellular systems Understands how the light energy is captured by chlorophyll ...
PRESENT UNDERSTANDING OF ACEH TSUNAMI
... tsunami waves that will follow soon. Where the ocean is over 20,000 feet deep, an unnoticed tsunami can travel at the speed of a commercial jet plant-, nearly 600 miles per hour. It can move from one side of the Pacific Ocean to another side in less than a day. This great speed makes it important to ...
... tsunami waves that will follow soon. Where the ocean is over 20,000 feet deep, an unnoticed tsunami can travel at the speed of a commercial jet plant-, nearly 600 miles per hour. It can move from one side of the Pacific Ocean to another side in less than a day. This great speed makes it important to ...
International Conference on Rapid Sea Level Change: a Caspian
... The Caspian Sea is a laboratory for sea level change. Between 1929 and 1977 Caspian sea level fell three metres, and between 1977 and 1995 it rose again by 3 metres at a rate of 13 cm a year, a hundred times faster than sea-level rise in the oceans during the 20th century. Rapid sea level change is ...
... The Caspian Sea is a laboratory for sea level change. Between 1929 and 1977 Caspian sea level fell three metres, and between 1977 and 1995 it rose again by 3 metres at a rate of 13 cm a year, a hundred times faster than sea-level rise in the oceans during the 20th century. Rapid sea level change is ...
Interpretation and design of ocean acidification experiments in
... survey, which sampled waters along the continental shelf of western North America; mooring pCO2 time-series of surface waters from an open coast location (Newport, Oregon), and a shallow tidal estuary (Netarts Bay, Oregon); and published carbonate chemistry data from late summer and fall surveys in ...
... survey, which sampled waters along the continental shelf of western North America; mooring pCO2 time-series of surface waters from an open coast location (Newport, Oregon), and a shallow tidal estuary (Netarts Bay, Oregon); and published carbonate chemistry data from late summer and fall surveys in ...
Original Article Interpretation and design of ocean acidification experiments
... survey, which sampled waters along the continental shelf of western North America; mooring pCO2 time-series of surface waters from an open coast location (Newport, Oregon), and a shallow tidal estuary (Netarts Bay, Oregon); and published carbonate chemistry data from late summer and fall surveys in ...
... survey, which sampled waters along the continental shelf of western North America; mooring pCO2 time-series of surface waters from an open coast location (Newport, Oregon), and a shallow tidal estuary (Netarts Bay, Oregon); and published carbonate chemistry data from late summer and fall surveys in ...
Normalized rare earth elements in water
... suspended fraction in rivers [1], they are strongly partitioned into the dissolved fraction in seawater, i.e., into filtered seawater. The curve of seawater, in general, exhibits a negative Ce anomaly [4,5,8,9,24,39,40] and progressive enrichment of the heavy REE, relative to the light REE (Figures ...
... suspended fraction in rivers [1], they are strongly partitioned into the dissolved fraction in seawater, i.e., into filtered seawater. The curve of seawater, in general, exhibits a negative Ce anomaly [4,5,8,9,24,39,40] and progressive enrichment of the heavy REE, relative to the light REE (Figures ...
BLUE GROWTH IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
... leading to potential interactions with the maritime transport sector. Sea-mining is, in the longer term, another sector that may consider offshore development in the Mediterranean. • Professional fishing is the sector most affected by the growing development of the maritime economy. Fishing zones w ...
... leading to potential interactions with the maritime transport sector. Sea-mining is, in the longer term, another sector that may consider offshore development in the Mediterranean. • Professional fishing is the sector most affected by the growing development of the maritime economy. Fishing zones w ...
BLUE GROWTH IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
... leading to potential interactions with the maritime transport sector. Sea-mining is, in the longer term, another sector that may consider offshore development in the Mediterranean. • Professional fishing is the sector most affected by the growing development of the maritime economy. Fishing zones w ...
... leading to potential interactions with the maritime transport sector. Sea-mining is, in the longer term, another sector that may consider offshore development in the Mediterranean. • Professional fishing is the sector most affected by the growing development of the maritime economy. Fishing zones w ...
GFCM Algal and Jellyfish Blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
... is considered that coastal blooms are an emerging problem that could be related to nutrient enrichment of coastal waters. Intensive urbanization and recreational use of coastal watersheds has resulted in a remarkable increase in sources of nutrients along the Mediterranean coasts. This cultural eutr ...
... is considered that coastal blooms are an emerging problem that could be related to nutrient enrichment of coastal waters. Intensive urbanization and recreational use of coastal watersheds has resulted in a remarkable increase in sources of nutrients along the Mediterranean coasts. This cultural eutr ...
Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, the sea (with the definite article) is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7). Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).Former changes in the sea levels have left continental shelves, shallow areas in the sea close to land. These nutrient-rich waters teem with life, which provide humans with substantial supplies of food—mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals, and seaweed—which are both harvested in the wild and farmed. The most diverse areas surround great tropical coral reefs. Whaling in the deep sea was once common but whales' dwindling numbers prompted international conservation efforts and finally a moratorium on most commercial hunting. Oceanography has established that not all life is restricted to the sunlit surface waters: even under enormous depths and pressures, nutrients streaming from hydrothermal vents support their own unique ecosystem. Life may have started there and aquatic microbial mats are generally credited with the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere; both plants and animals first evolved in the sea.The sea is an essential aspect of human trade, travel, mineral extraction, and power generation. This has also made it essential to warfare and left major cities exposed to earthquakes and volcanoes from nearby faults; powerful tsunami waves; and hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones produced in the tropics. This importance and duality has affected human culture, from early sea gods to the epic poetry of Homer to the changes induced by the Columbian Exchange, from Viking funerals to Basho's haikus to hyperrealist marine art, and inspiring music ranging from the shanties in The Complaynt of Scotland to Rimsky-Korsakov's ""The Sea and Sinbad's Ship"" to A-mei's ""Listen to the Sea"". It is the scene of leisure activities including swimming, diving, surfing, and sailing. However, population growth, industrialization, and intensive farming have all contributed to present-day marine pollution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is being absorbed in increasing amounts, lowering its pH in a process known as ocean acidification. The shared nature of the sea has made overfishing an increasing problem.