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Extreme pulse-front tilt from an etalon
... rays, or angles, resulting in its well-known angular dispersion [12]. For a given beam size, etalons can be used to generate as much as 100 times more angular dispersion than gratings and prisms, and they have been used to construct high-resolution spectrometers [13,14] and pulse shapers [15]. By th ...
... rays, or angles, resulting in its well-known angular dispersion [12]. For a given beam size, etalons can be used to generate as much as 100 times more angular dispersion than gratings and prisms, and they have been used to construct high-resolution spectrometers [13,14] and pulse shapers [15]. By th ...
Self-Accelerating Self-Trapped Optical Beams
... In 1979, Berry and Balazs [1] found accelerating wave functions for the potential-free Schrödinger equation. In 2007, self-accelerating optical Airy beams were demonstrated [2]. This phenomenon has drawn much interest with applications ranging from trapping particles along curved paths [3] to self- ...
... In 1979, Berry and Balazs [1] found accelerating wave functions for the potential-free Schrödinger equation. In 2007, self-accelerating optical Airy beams were demonstrated [2]. This phenomenon has drawn much interest with applications ranging from trapping particles along curved paths [3] to self- ...
Polarization Study 1 Introduction
... In many circumstances, we need to control the polarization of beams accurately (say for example to obtain optimal contrast in an interferometer). There are a number of optical elements that can be used for this purpose. Their common feature is to introduce a phase change between two orthogonally pol ...
... In many circumstances, we need to control the polarization of beams accurately (say for example to obtain optimal contrast in an interferometer). There are a number of optical elements that can be used for this purpose. Their common feature is to introduce a phase change between two orthogonally pol ...
Measurement and correction of aberrations in light and electron
... Imperfections in image formation, called aberrations, often preclude microscopes from reaching diffraction-limited resolution. Aberrations can be caused either by the microscope itself or by the sample and can be compensated for by using an active element integrated into the beam path which is funct ...
... Imperfections in image formation, called aberrations, often preclude microscopes from reaching diffraction-limited resolution. Aberrations can be caused either by the microscope itself or by the sample and can be compensated for by using an active element integrated into the beam path which is funct ...
Fresnel Diffraction Geometrical optics… …light can`t turn a corner. I
... will no longer constructively interfere at all points in space. Adding the wavelets by physical optics explains why light can turn corners and create fringes around images of objects. ...
... will no longer constructively interfere at all points in space. Adding the wavelets by physical optics explains why light can turn corners and create fringes around images of objects. ...
Atomic Spectroscopy
... excited state). Sodium atoms, for example, absorb light very strongly at 589.0 nm, because light at this wavelength has exactly the right energy to raise the sodium atom to another electronic state. This electronic transition is quite specific for sodium; atoms of any other element have different en ...
... excited state). Sodium atoms, for example, absorb light very strongly at 589.0 nm, because light at this wavelength has exactly the right energy to raise the sodium atom to another electronic state. This electronic transition is quite specific for sodium; atoms of any other element have different en ...
Fourier Transforms and Images
... a) The electrons in the incident beam are scattered into diffracted beams. b) The phase of the electrons is changed as they go through the sample. They have a different kinetic energy in the sample, this changes the wavelength, which in turn changes the phase. ...
... a) The electrons in the incident beam are scattered into diffracted beams. b) The phase of the electrons is changed as they go through the sample. They have a different kinetic energy in the sample, this changes the wavelength, which in turn changes the phase. ...
Standard for Single Diamond Overlap Phasing
... This Specification has been prepared by the Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales (referred to herein as RTA) for use, insofar as it is applicable, in the State of New South Wales for equipment supplied under an RTA procurement order or contract, or under a procurement order or contract fro ...
... This Specification has been prepared by the Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales (referred to herein as RTA) for use, insofar as it is applicable, in the State of New South Wales for equipment supplied under an RTA procurement order or contract, or under a procurement order or contract fro ...
Theory and Practice of Scanning Optical Microscopy - X
... The imaging properties of lenses and mirrors with annular aperture have been the subject of considerable interest since the work of Airy [2.3J in 1841. In the annular lens the central peak is sharpened but at the expense of increasing the strength of the outer bright rings (Fig. 2.2). The intensity ...
... The imaging properties of lenses and mirrors with annular aperture have been the subject of considerable interest since the work of Airy [2.3J in 1841. In the annular lens the central peak is sharpened but at the expense of increasing the strength of the outer bright rings (Fig. 2.2). The intensity ...
A finite element beam propagation method for simulation of liquid
... media. In particular, we want to apply the method for optical modeling of liquid crystal devices such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), spatial light modulators (SLMs) or tunable photonic components based on liquid crystals. In order to represent the inhomogeneous orientation of the anisotropic liq ...
... media. In particular, we want to apply the method for optical modeling of liquid crystal devices such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), spatial light modulators (SLMs) or tunable photonic components based on liquid crystals. In order to represent the inhomogeneous orientation of the anisotropic liq ...
Microscopes - Photonics Research Group
... aplanatic hyperhemisphere in the Amici-type objective (Fig. 2b ), and further by the incorporation of homogeneous immersion (Fig. 2c ), the numerical aperture of the objective lens was raised from around 0.25 to 0.65 and to 1.25. The apochromatic objective (Fig. 2d ) was introduced in 1986. By incor ...
... aplanatic hyperhemisphere in the Amici-type objective (Fig. 2b ), and further by the incorporation of homogeneous immersion (Fig. 2c ), the numerical aperture of the objective lens was raised from around 0.25 to 0.65 and to 1.25. The apochromatic objective (Fig. 2d ) was introduced in 1986. By incor ...
In text you refer to OAP mirrors as 2nd etc, In fig, they are labeled
... bending it into an arc-like pattern. Adjustment of this tilt itself proved one of the more effective means of determining the correct tilt angle for the OAP mirrors due to the observable aberrations introduced by even small initial errors. Simulations predict a spot size of 65 microns at the focal ...
... bending it into an arc-like pattern. Adjustment of this tilt itself proved one of the more effective means of determining the correct tilt angle for the OAP mirrors due to the observable aberrations introduced by even small initial errors. Simulations predict a spot size of 65 microns at the focal ...
Superposition of waves of same frequency
... Superposition principle At a given place and time, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses which would have been caused by each stimulus individually. ...
... Superposition principle At a given place and time, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses which would have been caused by each stimulus individually. ...
HOLOGRAPHY, 1948-1971
... needed to resolve atomic lattices, while the practical limit stood at about 12 Å. These limits were given by the necessity of restricting the aperture of the electron lenses to about 5/1000 radian, at which angle the spherical aberration error is about equal to the diffraction error. If one doubles ...
... needed to resolve atomic lattices, while the practical limit stood at about 12 Å. These limits were given by the necessity of restricting the aperture of the electron lenses to about 5/1000 radian, at which angle the spherical aberration error is about equal to the diffraction error. If one doubles ...
Quantum imaging and information
... was the main contributor to the theoretical analysis, and I was the main contributor to the data analysis and manuscript preparation. For the results in chapter 3, the experimental team of graduate students again consisted of David J. Starling and myself; John C. Howell, David J. Starling, and Andre ...
... was the main contributor to the theoretical analysis, and I was the main contributor to the data analysis and manuscript preparation. For the results in chapter 3, the experimental team of graduate students again consisted of David J. Starling and myself; John C. Howell, David J. Starling, and Andre ...
Generation of Polarization Entangled Photon Pairs in a Planar
... bulk crystals [1, 2] and channel waveguides [3–6]. Entangled photon pairs generated through SPDC process in bulk nonlinear optic crystals suffer from a number of problems such as low efficiency, design complication, low interaction length, and are hard to implement for practical applications. In ord ...
... bulk crystals [1, 2] and channel waveguides [3–6]. Entangled photon pairs generated through SPDC process in bulk nonlinear optic crystals suffer from a number of problems such as low efficiency, design complication, low interaction length, and are hard to implement for practical applications. In ord ...
Highly doped InP as a low loss plasmonic material for
... the fast growing field of graphene plasmonics and related 2D materials operates in this wavelength regime as well [13, 14]. Traditionally noble metals are used as plasmonic materials due to their abundant free electrons in the conduction band. However, their large real and imaginary parts of the per ...
... the fast growing field of graphene plasmonics and related 2D materials operates in this wavelength regime as well [13, 14]. Traditionally noble metals are used as plasmonic materials due to their abundant free electrons in the conduction band. However, their large real and imaginary parts of the per ...
Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions
... Brewster angle windows allow loss-less laser beam exit from a lasing medium into air (for proper polarization), where adjustment of the reflecting cavity mirrors is easy. Where μ1 ≠ μ2, there can be a Brewster's angle situation for both incident polarizations. In this case the numerator can be zero ...
... Brewster angle windows allow loss-less laser beam exit from a lasing medium into air (for proper polarization), where adjustment of the reflecting cavity mirrors is easy. Where μ1 ≠ μ2, there can be a Brewster's angle situation for both incident polarizations. In this case the numerator can be zero ...
Methods and Applications of Optical Holography
... Upatnieks succeed to overcome side effects (zero order and twin image) in Gabor’s “in-line” holograms using an “off-axis technique” borrowed from their work “of-side reading radar” [6]. Several types of holograms were developed at this time using different methods in holography. Denisyuk developed w ...
... Upatnieks succeed to overcome side effects (zero order and twin image) in Gabor’s “in-line” holograms using an “off-axis technique” borrowed from their work “of-side reading radar” [6]. Several types of holograms were developed at this time using different methods in holography. Denisyuk developed w ...
Introduction to super-resolution microscopy
... also been demonstrated by using fluorophores where the lifetime of the non-fluorescent state was lengthened by reduction in the triplet state to a radical anion [11]. The shift of the emission spectrum of quantum dots has also been utilized to control the ‘off’ time, allowing the use of bright emissio ...
... also been demonstrated by using fluorophores where the lifetime of the non-fluorescent state was lengthened by reduction in the triplet state to a radical anion [11]. The shift of the emission spectrum of quantum dots has also been utilized to control the ‘off’ time, allowing the use of bright emissio ...
Graded-index fibers (GRA)
... This chapter describes the wave propagation in graded-index fibers. In particular, the number of propagable waves and the optimal shape of the refractive index profile will be discussed. The single-mode step-index fiber has a high bandwidth (essentially limited only by the waveguide dispersion and m ...
... This chapter describes the wave propagation in graded-index fibers. In particular, the number of propagable waves and the optimal shape of the refractive index profile will be discussed. The single-mode step-index fiber has a high bandwidth (essentially limited only by the waveguide dispersion and m ...
The Optical Beam Diameter Within the Beam
... It can be seen from Figure 1 that, perhaps surprisingly, quite small beam diameters give the best SNR performance. The optimal beam diameters correspond to the nominal beam diameters being approximately equal to the Fresnel zone size for the beam propagation distance √(λz)=6.6mm. A Gaussian beam of ...
... It can be seen from Figure 1 that, perhaps surprisingly, quite small beam diameters give the best SNR performance. The optimal beam diameters correspond to the nominal beam diameters being approximately equal to the Fresnel zone size for the beam propagation distance √(λz)=6.6mm. A Gaussian beam of ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
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Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).