100 Years of the Radon Transform
... Band 69, 1917, Seiten 262 – 277, of the name giver of the RICAM institute, Johann Radon. Johann Radon (1887-1956) was awarded a doctorate from the University of Vienna in Philosophy in 1910. After professorships in Hamburg, Greifswald, Erlangen, Breslau, and Innsbruck, he returned to the University ...
... Band 69, 1917, Seiten 262 – 277, of the name giver of the RICAM institute, Johann Radon. Johann Radon (1887-1956) was awarded a doctorate from the University of Vienna in Philosophy in 1910. After professorships in Hamburg, Greifswald, Erlangen, Breslau, and Innsbruck, he returned to the University ...
Application of nonperiodic phase structures in
... nonperiodic wide zones ensures that the function of the structure is based on refraction rather than diffraction. A NPS can be considered to be a limiting case of a periodic diffractive structure with only one zone. The distribution within one zone for a periodic diffractive structure, normally use ...
... nonperiodic wide zones ensures that the function of the structure is based on refraction rather than diffraction. A NPS can be considered to be a limiting case of a periodic diffractive structure with only one zone. The distribution within one zone for a periodic diffractive structure, normally use ...
Rodrigo Aviles‐Espinosa STRATEGIES FOR PUSHING NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY TOWARDS ITS PERFORMANCE LIMITS
... ICFO’s “Super-Resolution Light Microscopy and Nanoscopy Facility” (SLN@ICFO). ...
... ICFO’s “Super-Resolution Light Microscopy and Nanoscopy Facility” (SLN@ICFO). ...
A mobile, high-precision atom-interferometer and its
... matter is subjected to. Throughout this thesis and in accordance with literature [8, 9] the term “gravity acceleration” or shorter “gravity” will denote the combined effect of the gravitational acceleration and the centrifugal acceleration due to Earth’s rotation. The instruments used for measuring ...
... matter is subjected to. Throughout this thesis and in accordance with literature [8, 9] the term “gravity acceleration” or shorter “gravity” will denote the combined effect of the gravitational acceleration and the centrifugal acceleration due to Earth’s rotation. The instruments used for measuring ...
The Theory of Diffraction Tomography
... Computerized tomography (CT) is a common tool to image three-dimensional (3D) objects like e.g. bone tissue in the human body. The 3D object is reconstructed from transmission images at different angles, i.e. from projections onto a two-dimensional (2D) detector plane. The assumption that the record ...
... Computerized tomography (CT) is a common tool to image three-dimensional (3D) objects like e.g. bone tissue in the human body. The 3D object is reconstructed from transmission images at different angles, i.e. from projections onto a two-dimensional (2D) detector plane. The assumption that the record ...
Variable Incidence Angle Fluorescence Interference Contrast
... difficulty. Because of the range of incidence angles required, a through-prism TIRFM geometry must be used rather than through-objective TIRFM (8). Through-prism excitation requires separate excitation and detection optics and careful alignment between those two optical paths. Stock et al. (5) devel ...
... difficulty. Because of the range of incidence angles required, a through-prism TIRFM geometry must be used rather than through-objective TIRFM (8). Through-prism excitation requires separate excitation and detection optics and careful alignment between those two optical paths. Stock et al. (5) devel ...
super-resolved fluorescence microscopy
... The first observation of a single fluorophore in a dense medium was made in W. E. Moerner’s laboratory (Moerner and Kador, 1989). They measured absorption spectra of the statistical fine structures of inhomogeneously broadened optical transitions of single pentacene molecules in pterphenyl crystals ...
... The first observation of a single fluorophore in a dense medium was made in W. E. Moerner’s laboratory (Moerner and Kador, 1989). They measured absorption spectra of the statistical fine structures of inhomogeneously broadened optical transitions of single pentacene molecules in pterphenyl crystals ...
S U P E R -R E S O LV... Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014
... The first observation of a single fluorophore in a dense medium was made in W. E. Moerner’s laboratory (Moerner and Kador, 1989). They measured absorption spectra of the statistical fine structures of inhomogeneously broadened optical transitions of single pentacene molecules in pterphenyl crystals ...
... The first observation of a single fluorophore in a dense medium was made in W. E. Moerner’s laboratory (Moerner and Kador, 1989). They measured absorption spectra of the statistical fine structures of inhomogeneously broadened optical transitions of single pentacene molecules in pterphenyl crystals ...
Laser Medicine and Medical Imaging – J. G. Fujimoto
... penetration depth of OCT is ~2-3 mm in most tissues. It has not been possible in the past to image structures inside solid tissues or organs. There are, however, many clinical scenarios where high resolution imaging of solid tissues is desirable. One promising application of OCT is in imaging pathol ...
... penetration depth of OCT is ~2-3 mm in most tissues. It has not been possible in the past to image structures inside solid tissues or organs. There are, however, many clinical scenarios where high resolution imaging of solid tissues is desirable. One promising application of OCT is in imaging pathol ...
Paraxial propagation of Mathieu beams through an apertured ABCD
... As it is known, the fractional Fourier transform (FRT), is an extension of the conventional Fourier transform. It was introduced into optics by Namias [29] as a mathematical tool to solve theoretical problems. There are at least two ways to implement optically the FRT: the first is based on the use o ...
... As it is known, the fractional Fourier transform (FRT), is an extension of the conventional Fourier transform. It was introduced into optics by Namias [29] as a mathematical tool to solve theoretical problems. There are at least two ways to implement optically the FRT: the first is based on the use o ...
diffraction gratings
... 1. An entrance slit or aperture stop. 2. A collimating element to make the rays parallel which pass though one point of the entrance slit or field-stop. This collimator may be a lens, a mirror or an integral part of the dispersing element, as in a concave grating spectrometer. 3. A dispersing elemen ...
... 1. An entrance slit or aperture stop. 2. A collimating element to make the rays parallel which pass though one point of the entrance slit or field-stop. This collimator may be a lens, a mirror or an integral part of the dispersing element, as in a concave grating spectrometer. 3. A dispersing elemen ...
Recent advances in diffuse optical imaging
... Recently, the emphasis of research in medical imaging with diffuse light has moved away from the pursuit of high (∼ mm) spatial resolution and towards functional imaging. It is widely appreciated that diffuse optical imaging can never compete in terms of spatial resolution with anatomical imaging te ...
... Recently, the emphasis of research in medical imaging with diffuse light has moved away from the pursuit of high (∼ mm) spatial resolution and towards functional imaging. It is widely appreciated that diffuse optical imaging can never compete in terms of spatial resolution with anatomical imaging te ...
Introduction - Strathprints
... the film. Although the effects of multiple reflections were discussed in the early stages of SHG theory by Bloembergen and Pershan31, they were not properly taken into account until the work by Schoji et al32 who reviewed the absolute values of the nonlinear coefficients for a large range of materia ...
... the film. Although the effects of multiple reflections were discussed in the early stages of SHG theory by Bloembergen and Pershan31, they were not properly taken into account until the work by Schoji et al32 who reviewed the absolute values of the nonlinear coefficients for a large range of materia ...
Analysis of optical interferometric displacement detection in nanoelectromechanical systems
... assume that the resonator is driven at a single frequency close to its resonance frequency 0, i.e., U共t兲 = ueit. Most commonly,6,15,17,19,30 NEMS beams are fabricated in silicon-on-insulator 共SOI兲 heterostructures with metallization layers atop for electronic coupling. We shall focus on such str ...
... assume that the resonator is driven at a single frequency close to its resonance frequency 0, i.e., U共t兲 = ueit. Most commonly,6,15,17,19,30 NEMS beams are fabricated in silicon-on-insulator 共SOI兲 heterostructures with metallization layers atop for electronic coupling. We shall focus on such str ...
Fraunhofer Diffraction
... • If the curvature of the optical waves must be taken into account at the aperture or image plane, then we must use Fresnel (near-field) diffraction theory. • The Huygens-Fresnel principle is used in diffraction theory, in that every point of a given wavefront of light can be considered as a source ...
... • If the curvature of the optical waves must be taken into account at the aperture or image plane, then we must use Fresnel (near-field) diffraction theory. • The Huygens-Fresnel principle is used in diffraction theory, in that every point of a given wavefront of light can be considered as a source ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... the nonlinear wave-mixing process [1–6]. Under EIT conditions FWM signals can be allowed to transmit through the atomic medium and also the fluorescence induced by spontaneous emission can be generated [7–10]. Due to the two counter propagating coupling fields, the EIT-based nonlinear schemes can be ...
... the nonlinear wave-mixing process [1–6]. Under EIT conditions FWM signals can be allowed to transmit through the atomic medium and also the fluorescence induced by spontaneous emission can be generated [7–10]. Due to the two counter propagating coupling fields, the EIT-based nonlinear schemes can be ...
Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy
... information regarding the amplitude and phase of the electron wave. The record of the electron wave diffraction is then used to optically synthesize the object field. This allowed the use of the optics of visible light for image formation, and was much easier and more developed compared to electron ...
... information regarding the amplitude and phase of the electron wave. The record of the electron wave diffraction is then used to optically synthesize the object field. This allowed the use of the optics of visible light for image formation, and was much easier and more developed compared to electron ...
LASER LIGHT SCATTERING FOR INVESTIGATION OF PARTICLE
... there by securing the best price possible. However, there is no universal grading system. Each producing country has their own national standard which fulfills the minimum export quality requirement suggested by the market[2,3,5]. Most probably the flavor and quality of coffee depends on the coffee ...
... there by securing the best price possible. However, there is no universal grading system. Each producing country has their own national standard which fulfills the minimum export quality requirement suggested by the market[2,3,5]. Most probably the flavor and quality of coffee depends on the coffee ...
Optical phase conjugation: principles, techniques, and applications
... In the area of OPC-related studies, a huge number (more than thousands) of research papers and conference presentations have been published since 1970s. Most of them were based on the degenerate four-wave mixing method in various types of nonlinear media with minor technical modifications. It is impo ...
... In the area of OPC-related studies, a huge number (more than thousands) of research papers and conference presentations have been published since 1970s. Most of them were based on the degenerate four-wave mixing method in various types of nonlinear media with minor technical modifications. It is impo ...
Wave-front sensing from defocused images by use
... similar to that of the curvature sensor, where it is known that the effect of diffraction is to limit the spatial resolution of the wave-front sensor.6,7 The experimental setup is identical to that of the curvature sensor, where there are two measurement planes at distances ⫾z from the aperture.4 Th ...
... similar to that of the curvature sensor, where it is known that the effect of diffraction is to limit the spatial resolution of the wave-front sensor.6,7 The experimental setup is identical to that of the curvature sensor, where there are two measurement planes at distances ⫾z from the aperture.4 Th ...
the Quantifying Scatter PDF
... Of course all scatter measurements are integrations over a detector collection aperture, but the TIS designation is reserved for situations where the attempt is to gather as much scattered light as possible, while “angle resolved” designs are created to gain information from the distribution of the ...
... Of course all scatter measurements are integrations over a detector collection aperture, but the TIS designation is reserved for situations where the attempt is to gather as much scattered light as possible, while “angle resolved” designs are created to gain information from the distribution of the ...
SR Beamlines in the VUV
... Fermat’s principle: the pathlength of an actual ray traveling from a point A to a point B takes an extremal or stationary value. dF=0, where F is the pathlength from A to B. F: light path function The red ray meets the grating at a point P(,w,l) on the nth groove, the zeroth groove being assumed to ...
... Fermat’s principle: the pathlength of an actual ray traveling from a point A to a point B takes an extremal or stationary value. dF=0, where F is the pathlength from A to B. F: light path function The red ray meets the grating at a point P(,w,l) on the nth groove, the zeroth groove being assumed to ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).