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... the silks. The electromagnetic scattering theory can then be used to link the observed residual visibility to the optical characteristics of the silks, enabling the measurement of the principal refractive indices, the optical absorption (if the cylinder is assumed to be optically homogeneous), and t ...
... the silks. The electromagnetic scattering theory can then be used to link the observed residual visibility to the optical characteristics of the silks, enabling the measurement of the principal refractive indices, the optical absorption (if the cylinder is assumed to be optically homogeneous), and t ...
Estimation of longitudinal resolution in optical coherence
... portance for the ability to resolve small structures in optical coherence imaging such as optical coherence tomography1 and optical coherence microscopy.4 In this paper we investigate optical coherence imaging cases in which the self-coherence function is the determining factor of longitudinal resol ...
... portance for the ability to resolve small structures in optical coherence imaging such as optical coherence tomography1 and optical coherence microscopy.4 In this paper we investigate optical coherence imaging cases in which the self-coherence function is the determining factor of longitudinal resol ...
The Focusing and Talbot Effect of Periodic Arrays of Metallic
... an investigation using an output medium with a higher refractive index, which is rarely discussed in publications. The focusing capability of the periodic arrays of metallic nanoapertures in a high-index medium shows potentials for immersion lithography [26] and some optofluidic applications [27, 28 ...
... an investigation using an output medium with a higher refractive index, which is rarely discussed in publications. The focusing capability of the periodic arrays of metallic nanoapertures in a high-index medium shows potentials for immersion lithography [26] and some optofluidic applications [27, 28 ...
Modeling Light Scattering in Tissue as Continuous Random Media
... the form of a continuous function of refractive index (like atmospheric turbulance) or in the form of discrete particles. Many models of tissue scattering approximate tissue as a collection of randomly placed spheres or spheroids [11]–[13]. This is plausible considering that organelles such as nucle ...
... the form of a continuous function of refractive index (like atmospheric turbulance) or in the form of discrete particles. Many models of tissue scattering approximate tissue as a collection of randomly placed spheres or spheroids [11]–[13]. This is plausible considering that organelles such as nucle ...
PDF - Grueber Lab
... 3D volumetric image. This dual-objective geometry, and the need for side-on illumination and physical translation are major limitations, requiring complex sample mounting and positioning that restricts the types of samples that can be imaged, and limits achievable volumetric imaging speeds. Recent a ...
... 3D volumetric image. This dual-objective geometry, and the need for side-on illumination and physical translation are major limitations, requiring complex sample mounting and positioning that restricts the types of samples that can be imaged, and limits achievable volumetric imaging speeds. Recent a ...
Vision Improvement by Correcting Higher
... and visual acuity under white light condition with the AO system. Even though the AO system is a powerful and noninvasive tool to correct the higherorder aberrations, it is an impractical correction method because of the size of the entire system. Laser refractive surgery is also available for custo ...
... and visual acuity under white light condition with the AO system. Even though the AO system is a powerful and noninvasive tool to correct the higherorder aberrations, it is an impractical correction method because of the size of the entire system. Laser refractive surgery is also available for custo ...
Introduction
... In the year 1800 the astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel analyzed the spectrum of sunlight. Herschel created the spectrum by directing sunlight through a glass prism so that the light was divided into its different colors. He measured the heating ability of each color using thermometers with black ...
... In the year 1800 the astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel analyzed the spectrum of sunlight. Herschel created the spectrum by directing sunlight through a glass prism so that the light was divided into its different colors. He measured the heating ability of each color using thermometers with black ...
Nonlinear Beam Shaping with Plasmonic Metasurfaces
... importance with respect to the evolution of its parameters in time and space and to its interaction with other physical systems. In optics, the spatial evolution of the photon wave function can be described by the Helmholtz equation. In the low-light regime its solution gives the spatial photon prob ...
... importance with respect to the evolution of its parameters in time and space and to its interaction with other physical systems. In optics, the spatial evolution of the photon wave function can be described by the Helmholtz equation. In the low-light regime its solution gives the spatial photon prob ...
de Sénarmont Bias Retardation in DIC Microscopy Introduction
... This effect occurs because shear takes place at the quartzair interface in the lower prism wedge instead at the cemented boundary, as in a Wollaston prism. Refraction at the interface between the quartz wedges in a Nomarski prism causes the sheared wavefronts to converge with a crossover point outsi ...
... This effect occurs because shear takes place at the quartzair interface in the lower prism wedge instead at the cemented boundary, as in a Wollaston prism. Refraction at the interface between the quartz wedges in a Nomarski prism causes the sheared wavefronts to converge with a crossover point outsi ...
Kelley model of photographic process
... You will see different authors giving different definitions. Rayleigh in his original paper (1879) noted the issue of noise and warned that the definition of “just–resolvable” points is system–or application –dependent MIT 2.71/2.710 Optics 11/24/04 wk12-b-23 ...
... You will see different authors giving different definitions. Rayleigh in his original paper (1879) noted the issue of noise and warned that the definition of “just–resolvable” points is system–or application –dependent MIT 2.71/2.710 Optics 11/24/04 wk12-b-23 ...
1. Introduction
... This intuitive explanation however fails to account for two-photon interference, which occurs if the two photons are indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom, i.e. the photons have the same wavelength, polarization and spatio-temporal mode. In such a case the first two possibilities - when both ...
... This intuitive explanation however fails to account for two-photon interference, which occurs if the two photons are indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom, i.e. the photons have the same wavelength, polarization and spatio-temporal mode. In such a case the first two possibilities - when both ...
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
... images can be taken.16,17 Because of the dramatic speed improvement of SDOCT and the absence of moving parts in the reference arm, the phase stability is greatly improved. Spectral domain optical Doppler tomography allows real-time imaging of pulsatile blood flow within blood vessels as small as 10 ...
... images can be taken.16,17 Because of the dramatic speed improvement of SDOCT and the absence of moving parts in the reference arm, the phase stability is greatly improved. Spectral domain optical Doppler tomography allows real-time imaging of pulsatile blood flow within blood vessels as small as 10 ...
[pdf]
... medium with a spatially uniform distribution of fluorophores. An intensity-modulated point light source with an optical wavelength that falls within the absorption band of the fluorophores creates an excitation diffuse photon density wave 1DPDW2 that excites the fluorophores. The fluorescent photons ...
... medium with a spatially uniform distribution of fluorophores. An intensity-modulated point light source with an optical wavelength that falls within the absorption band of the fluorophores creates an excitation diffuse photon density wave 1DPDW2 that excites the fluorophores. The fluorescent photons ...
Propagation and focusing of optical fields
... we used the fact that in the paraxial approximation, θ is restricted to small beam angles. Another property of the paraxial Gaussian beam is that close to the focus, the beam stays roughly collimated over a distance 2zo . zo is called the Rayleigh range and denotes √ the distance from the beam waist ...
... we used the fact that in the paraxial approximation, θ is restricted to small beam angles. Another property of the paraxial Gaussian beam is that close to the focus, the beam stays roughly collimated over a distance 2zo . zo is called the Rayleigh range and denotes √ the distance from the beam waist ...
fourier transform infra-red (ftir) spectroscopy
... the ATR crystal, the evanescent wave will interact with sample. It will be attenuated in spectral regions where the sample absorbs energy and hence a spectrum can be obtained. The IR light undergoes several reflections inside the crystal to increase the interaction with the sample (see the wall disp ...
... the ATR crystal, the evanescent wave will interact with sample. It will be attenuated in spectral regions where the sample absorbs energy and hence a spectrum can be obtained. The IR light undergoes several reflections inside the crystal to increase the interaction with the sample (see the wall disp ...
Section 4 Diffraction_handbook of optics
... approximately contained in a cone with its apex at the image of the pinhole. It is necessary to clarify that ‘‘a small enough pinhole’’ means that the optics behind the pinhole is not able to resolve its structure.1 A ‘‘narrowband filter’’ means that its pass band, D… , is much smaller than the mean ...
... approximately contained in a cone with its apex at the image of the pinhole. It is necessary to clarify that ‘‘a small enough pinhole’’ means that the optics behind the pinhole is not able to resolve its structure.1 A ‘‘narrowband filter’’ means that its pass band, D… , is much smaller than the mean ...
Fourier-domain holography in photorefractive quantum-well films
... tial frequency that the imaging system can transmit. If only the diffraction by the lens aperture causes the PSF, the PSF of the first subsystem in IDH is given by h共x, y兲 in Eq. 共2兲. The spatial bandwidth imposed by the PSF for the first subsystem is s ⫽ D兾4f in IDH and s ⫽ D兾2f in FDH for cohe ...
... tial frequency that the imaging system can transmit. If only the diffraction by the lens aperture causes the PSF, the PSF of the first subsystem in IDH is given by h共x, y兲 in Eq. 共2兲. The spatial bandwidth imposed by the PSF for the first subsystem is s ⫽ D兾4f in IDH and s ⫽ D兾2f in FDH for cohe ...
Imaging Properties of Laser-Produced Parabolic Profile Microlenses
... 2 which have larger numerical aperture and larger wave front aberrations and because of that smaller PSF. The second group consists of microlenses 3, 4, and 5 which have smaller numerical aperture and smaller wave front aberrations and because of that larger PSF. The spot diagram represents method f ...
... 2 which have larger numerical aperture and larger wave front aberrations and because of that smaller PSF. The second group consists of microlenses 3, 4, and 5 which have smaller numerical aperture and smaller wave front aberrations and because of that larger PSF. The spot diagram represents method f ...
Optical and acoustic beam shaping for imaging and
... First, I would like to thank my supervisor, Mike MacDonald. From my first visit to Institute of Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT) in September 2010, I knew this would be where I want to perform research. Mike has been incredibly supportive as an advisor and mentor. It has been an amazing gradua ...
... First, I would like to thank my supervisor, Mike MacDonald. From my first visit to Institute of Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT) in September 2010, I knew this would be where I want to perform research. Mike has been incredibly supportive as an advisor and mentor. It has been an amazing gradua ...
Evaluation of large area polycrystalline CdTe detector for diagnostic
... under diagnostic X-ray beams. ...................................................................... 20 Fig. 3-2 Narrow slit Monte Carlo simulation geometry for line spread function. 23 Fig. 3-3 LSF of 600 µm CdTe for different energy. .............................................. 24 Fig. 3-4 (a) M ...
... under diagnostic X-ray beams. ...................................................................... 20 Fig. 3-2 Narrow slit Monte Carlo simulation geometry for line spread function. 23 Fig. 3-3 LSF of 600 µm CdTe for different energy. .............................................. 24 Fig. 3-4 (a) M ...
Laser Beams and Resonators
... masers operating in the optical or infrared wavelength regions usually appears as a beam whose transverse extent is large compared to the wavelength. The resonant properties of such a beam in the resonator structure, its propagation characteristics i free space, and its interaction behavior with var ...
... masers operating in the optical or infrared wavelength regions usually appears as a beam whose transverse extent is large compared to the wavelength. The resonant properties of such a beam in the resonator structure, its propagation characteristics i free space, and its interaction behavior with var ...
Full-angle Negative Reflection with An Ultrathin Acoustic
... manipulation capabilities over the past few years. Based on the idea of sampling the desired wavefront and replacing the pixels with appropriate nanostructures[1], exactly behaving like the secondary sources proposed in Huygens’ principle, optical metasurfaces constructed with plasmonic nano-antenna ...
... manipulation capabilities over the past few years. Based on the idea of sampling the desired wavefront and replacing the pixels with appropriate nanostructures[1], exactly behaving like the secondary sources proposed in Huygens’ principle, optical metasurfaces constructed with plasmonic nano-antenna ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attenuation_and_phase_shift_of_electromagnetic_wave_propagating_in_medium_with_complex_index_of_refraction_n.png?width=300)
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).