Biomolecules
... • Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis, a reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction. ...
... • Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis, a reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction. ...
The DELLA protein family and gibberellin signal transduction
... development are a default state and that the DELLA proteins are key repressors of GAmediated growth and development. Mutant analysis indicates that GA does not directly promote growth; rather it overcomes the repression of the DELLA proteins by causing them to be degraded. The N-terminal domain of t ...
... development are a default state and that the DELLA proteins are key repressors of GAmediated growth and development. Mutant analysis indicates that GA does not directly promote growth; rather it overcomes the repression of the DELLA proteins by causing them to be degraded. The N-terminal domain of t ...
Urine
... from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. It is normally odorless but can acquire strong odors due to bacterial action. • Urine is an aqueous solution of metabolic wastes such as urea, dissolved salts, and organic ...
... from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. It is normally odorless but can acquire strong odors due to bacterial action. • Urine is an aqueous solution of metabolic wastes such as urea, dissolved salts, and organic ...
Utilisation of Whey
... Some of them represent the normal antibody components of the cow and are the same as those found in the bloodstream; however, there is a secretory form of IgA which is produced in the mammary gland in response to infectious organisms. From a physiological standpoint, the immunoglobulins are importan ...
... Some of them represent the normal antibody components of the cow and are the same as those found in the bloodstream; however, there is a secretory form of IgA which is produced in the mammary gland in response to infectious organisms. From a physiological standpoint, the immunoglobulins are importan ...
Bacillus cereus
... that is able to produce a variety of proteins and sources of bioremediation. Bacillus megaterium is a good source of industrial proteins because it is both a desirable cloning host and produces a large variation of enzymes. This species is good cloning host because it is able to house numerous plasm ...
... that is able to produce a variety of proteins and sources of bioremediation. Bacillus megaterium is a good source of industrial proteins because it is both a desirable cloning host and produces a large variation of enzymes. This species is good cloning host because it is able to house numerous plasm ...
The SMN Complex Is Associated with snRNPs throughout Their
... the extract during the course of the immunoprecipitation experiment (data not shown). In a reciprocal experiment (Fig. 1B and C), all the known components of the SMN complex, namely, SMN, Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6, were coimmunoprecipitated from the cytoplasm in an RNA-dependent man ...
... the extract during the course of the immunoprecipitation experiment (data not shown). In a reciprocal experiment (Fig. 1B and C), all the known components of the SMN complex, namely, SMN, Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6, were coimmunoprecipitated from the cytoplasm in an RNA-dependent man ...
Identification and Structural Characterization of the ATP/ADP
... I molecules (Li and Srivastava, 1993). Hsp90 alone can prevent protein aggregation and promote refolding in vitro (Weich et al., 1992), but in vivo it is functionally associated in multiprotein complexes with a range of accessory proteins. Initially, client proteins are brought to Hsp90 in a complex ...
... I molecules (Li and Srivastava, 1993). Hsp90 alone can prevent protein aggregation and promote refolding in vitro (Weich et al., 1992), but in vivo it is functionally associated in multiprotein complexes with a range of accessory proteins. Initially, client proteins are brought to Hsp90 in a complex ...
Direct interaction of iron-regulated surface
... was performed using the BIAcore X100 system (GE Healthcare). GPIIb/IIIa (Enzyme Research Laboratories) was covalently immobilized on CM5 sensor chips using amine coupling. This was performed using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), followed by N-hydroxysuccinimide (N ...
... was performed using the BIAcore X100 system (GE Healthcare). GPIIb/IIIa (Enzyme Research Laboratories) was covalently immobilized on CM5 sensor chips using amine coupling. This was performed using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), followed by N-hydroxysuccinimide (N ...
A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... conditions. However, the mechanism by which Puma mediates apoptosis remains unclear. Here we found that Puma contains two domains required for its apoptotic function: the BH3 domain and a region in the c-terminus that regulates its localization to the mitochondria. We found that the BH3 domain is re ...
... conditions. However, the mechanism by which Puma mediates apoptosis remains unclear. Here we found that Puma contains two domains required for its apoptotic function: the BH3 domain and a region in the c-terminus that regulates its localization to the mitochondria. We found that the BH3 domain is re ...
Depletion of the co-chaperone CDC-37 reveals two
... granules using GFP::PGL-1 (Cheeks et al., 2004; Strome and Wood, 1982; Strome and Wood, 1983). We found that asymmetry of both ...
... granules using GFP::PGL-1 (Cheeks et al., 2004; Strome and Wood, 1982; Strome and Wood, 1983). We found that asymmetry of both ...
A B23-interacting sequence as a tool to visualize protein interactions
... mobility of proteins would ensure their diffusion and availability throughout the nucleus. In nuclear bodies the mobility of proteins is reduced most probably by interactions with partners. This determines a residence time based on affinities and functions of the proteins (Chen and Huang, 2001; Dund ...
... mobility of proteins would ensure their diffusion and availability throughout the nucleus. In nuclear bodies the mobility of proteins is reduced most probably by interactions with partners. This determines a residence time based on affinities and functions of the proteins (Chen and Huang, 2001; Dund ...
Rab Proteins and the Organization of Organelle Membrane Domains
... For example, cargo from the extracellular environment is internalized into early endosomes where it is sorted for recycling to the plasma membrane or degradation in lysosomes. Clearly, such steps need to be coordinated in time and space. The work on Rab GTPases has revealed molecular features and fu ...
... For example, cargo from the extracellular environment is internalized into early endosomes where it is sorted for recycling to the plasma membrane or degradation in lysosomes. Clearly, such steps need to be coordinated in time and space. The work on Rab GTPases has revealed molecular features and fu ...
Synthetic Physical Interactions Map Kinetochore
... clustering of the Aurora kinase (Campbell and Desai 2013). Therefore, we hypothesized that associations of a checkpoint protein with a variety of cellular proteins could potentially activate the SAC. However, more specifically, we expected kinetochore associations to be especially effective for SAC a ...
... clustering of the Aurora kinase (Campbell and Desai 2013). Therefore, we hypothesized that associations of a checkpoint protein with a variety of cellular proteins could potentially activate the SAC. However, more specifically, we expected kinetochore associations to be especially effective for SAC a ...
PeptidePicker: a Tool for Determining Most Appropriate Peptides for
... quantitate large sets of proteins at high throughput.1 MRM studies are typically performed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. The first quadrupole is used to isolate a specific precursor peptide ion, the second quadrupole is used for collision-induced dissociation, and the third is used to iso ...
... quantitate large sets of proteins at high throughput.1 MRM studies are typically performed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. The first quadrupole is used to isolate a specific precursor peptide ion, the second quadrupole is used for collision-induced dissociation, and the third is used to iso ...
No Slide Title
... transcriptional activators bind them • have distinct DNA binding and activation domains • activation domain interacts with mediator • helps assemble initiation complex on TATAA •Recently identified “activating RNA”: bind enhancers & mediator ...
... transcriptional activators bind them • have distinct DNA binding and activation domains • activation domain interacts with mediator • helps assemble initiation complex on TATAA •Recently identified “activating RNA”: bind enhancers & mediator ...
Extreme sweetness: protein glycosylation in archaea
... The advent of high-throughput sequencing has had an enormous impact on many areas of the biological sciences, but perhaps nowhere more so than in microbiology. At the same time, it has become clear that deciphering the genome sequence of a given microorganism cannot in itself explain the complexity ...
... The advent of high-throughput sequencing has had an enormous impact on many areas of the biological sciences, but perhaps nowhere more so than in microbiology. At the same time, it has become clear that deciphering the genome sequence of a given microorganism cannot in itself explain the complexity ...
Supplementary Online Materials
... between TM1 and other semihydrophobic and/or amphipathic -helices folded by other regions within the NHB1-CNC factor (below), as has been described for other transmembrane proteins[1,2]. Three physico-chemical parameters related with the helical folding (i.e. aliphaticity, hydropathicity and instab ...
... between TM1 and other semihydrophobic and/or amphipathic -helices folded by other regions within the NHB1-CNC factor (below), as has been described for other transmembrane proteins[1,2]. Three physico-chemical parameters related with the helical folding (i.e. aliphaticity, hydropathicity and instab ...
Motor proteins of the kinesin superfamily
... composed of two heavy chains (110–120 kDa) and two light chains (60–70 kDa). Electron microscopy, protease sensitivity and primary sequence analysis showed that the kinesin heavy chain is composed of three domains [2,3]. As shown in Figure 1(a), the globular N-terminal head domain (residues 1–325) c ...
... composed of two heavy chains (110–120 kDa) and two light chains (60–70 kDa). Electron microscopy, protease sensitivity and primary sequence analysis showed that the kinesin heavy chain is composed of three domains [2,3]. As shown in Figure 1(a), the globular N-terminal head domain (residues 1–325) c ...
Accommodating the bacterial decoding release factor as an
... decoding RF (RF1 and RF2 in bacteria) and recycling RF (RF3 in bacteria), although at that time no structures were available. The model proposed that RF3 was like EF-Tu (both are translational G proteins with GTPase activity) and that the decoding RF would mimic a tRNA structure (and thereby by impl ...
... decoding RF (RF1 and RF2 in bacteria) and recycling RF (RF3 in bacteria), although at that time no structures were available. The model proposed that RF3 was like EF-Tu (both are translational G proteins with GTPase activity) and that the decoding RF would mimic a tRNA structure (and thereby by impl ...
Ubiquitination and Auxin Signaling: A Degrading Story
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010447. ...
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010447. ...
Early events in protein folding
... polypeptide chain searches out its final native conformation from an inconceivably large number of available conformations. A polypeptide chain of 101 amino acid residues would have to sample 3100 = 5 × 1047 conformations, if each bond connecting two consecutive residues has only three possible conf ...
... polypeptide chain searches out its final native conformation from an inconceivably large number of available conformations. A polypeptide chain of 101 amino acid residues would have to sample 3100 = 5 × 1047 conformations, if each bond connecting two consecutive residues has only three possible conf ...
Repression
... Cis-elements termed silencers, extinguishers, operators, negatively acting sequences, URS etc. - not informative with respect to mechanism ...
... Cis-elements termed silencers, extinguishers, operators, negatively acting sequences, URS etc. - not informative with respect to mechanism ...
Assigned Reading
... The central paradigm driving research in molecular biology has been that biological information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. The power of this concept lies in its templatebased precision, the ability to manipulate one class of molecules based on knowledge of another, and the patterns of sequen ...
... The central paradigm driving research in molecular biology has been that biological information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. The power of this concept lies in its templatebased precision, the ability to manipulate one class of molecules based on knowledge of another, and the patterns of sequen ...
Chicken Acidic Leucine-rich EGF-like Domain Containing Brain
... CALEB-encoding cDNAs were obtained by screening an adult chicken eye cDNA library constructed in lgt11 with mAb 4/1. Additional overlapping clones were found in the same library using the 1-kb insert of the initial cDNA clone as a probe. The amino acid sequence deduced from these overlapping cDNA cl ...
... CALEB-encoding cDNAs were obtained by screening an adult chicken eye cDNA library constructed in lgt11 with mAb 4/1. Additional overlapping clones were found in the same library using the 1-kb insert of the initial cDNA clone as a probe. The amino acid sequence deduced from these overlapping cDNA cl ...
Nitrite transport to the chloroplast in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
... eubacteria. Members of the FNT family, which function in the transport of structurally related anions (Peakman et al., 1990; Suppmann and Sawers, 1994; Nolling and Reeve 1997), do not appear to be present in cyanobacteria and prochlorococcals. The FNT proteins contain around 270 residues, except for ...
... eubacteria. Members of the FNT family, which function in the transport of structurally related anions (Peakman et al., 1990; Suppmann and Sawers, 1994; Nolling and Reeve 1997), do not appear to be present in cyanobacteria and prochlorococcals. The FNT proteins contain around 270 residues, except for ...
Intrinsically disordered proteins
An intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) is a protein that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure. IDPs cover a spectrum of states from fully unstructured to partially structured and include random coils, (pre-)molten globules, and large multi-domain proteins connected by flexible linkers. They constitute one of the main types of protein (alongside globular, fibrous and membrane proteins).The discovery of IDPs has challenged the traditional protein structure paradigm, that protein function depends on a fixed three-dimensional structure. This dogma has been challenged over the last decades by increasing evidence from various branches of structural biology, suggesting that protein dynamics may be highly relevant for such systems. Despite their lack of stable structure, IDPs are a very large and functionally important class of proteins. In some cases, IDPs can adopt a fixed three-dimensional structure after binding to other macromolecules.