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The Effect of Attitudinal Ambivalence on Numerical Anchoring
The Effect of Attitudinal Ambivalence on Numerical Anchoring

... whereas the anchor-and-adjust model (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974) and selective accessibility model (Strack & Mussweiler, 1997) would suggest that people’s estimates would continue to become more extreme along with the anchor until the point at which the anchor became more extreme than the highest or ...
WilliamsCaseGovanFINAL2002 - Sydney Symposium of Social
WilliamsCaseGovanFINAL2002 - Sydney Symposium of Social

... studying roughly the same thing. Ostracism refers to ignoring and excluding one or more individuals (Williams, 2001); rejection is the act of expelling (usually accompanied by an explicit derogation of) individuals from groups (Leary, 2000), and social exclusion refers specifically to exclusion with ...
Behaviour and Attitudes
Behaviour and Attitudes

... Examining attitudes specific to the behaviour Other conditions further improve the predictive accuracy of attitudes. As Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein (1977; Ajzen, 1982) point out, when the measured attitude is general—say, an attitude toward Asians—and the behaviour is very specific—say, a decisio ...
Automatic stereotyping against people with schizophrenia
Automatic stereotyping against people with schizophrenia

... 2006; Wittenbrink, 2007; Greenwald and Nosek, 2009). In the domain of stigma, this work suggests that negative reactions toward persons with mental illnesses can be activated automatically, potentially outside conscious awareness or control, and can influence a range of subsequent behaviors. Understa ...
sample report
sample report

... For years you have heard statements like, “Different strokes for different folks," "to each his own," and "people do things for their own reasons, not yours." When you are surrounded by people who share similar attitudes, you will fit in with the group and be energized. However, when surrounded by p ...
Impact of Ostracism - Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology
Impact of Ostracism - Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology

... studying roughly the same thing. Ostracism refers to ignoring and excluding one or more individuals (Williams, 2001); rejection is the act of expelling (usually accompanied by an explicit derogation of) individuals from groups (Leary, 2000), and social exclusion refers specifically to exclusion with ...
Stigmas and Prosocial Behavior
Stigmas and Prosocial Behavior

... identified three general types of stigma: abominations of the body (e.g., physical deformities, disease afflictions), moral character stigmas (e.g., a criminal record, addiction to drugs), and tribal stigmas (i.e., membership in a discredited social group). Prosocial behaviors may be generally defin ...
Chapter 20: Attitudes and Social Influence
Chapter 20: Attitudes and Social Influence

... in which you grew up, the people who raised you, and those with whom you associate all shape your attitudes. You also learn many of your attitudes through direct experience. For instance, once you drive the new BMW, you may develop a favorable attitude toward it. Culture Culture influences everythin ...
Author`s personal copy - Wake Forest University
Author`s personal copy - Wake Forest University

... perceptions of their own attitude's stability? While there might be a multitude of factors that could influence the perception of attitude stability over time, the current research focuses primarily on one possible antecedent: one's implicit theory of attitude stability. Building on prior work regard ...
Changing Attitudes Toward Prison Reform
Changing Attitudes Toward Prison Reform

... In their attempts to influence the public's attitudes toward the prison system, human-rights organizations and prisoner advocacy groups often point out similarities between the general public and prisoners (Christie, 2000). Commonly, such appeals point out fundamental similarities, such as the shar ...
EFFECTS OF EPISTEMIC AND TELEOLOGIC ATTITUDE CHANGE
EFFECTS OF EPISTEMIC AND TELEOLOGIC ATTITUDE CHANGE

... restructuring alter the valence of attributes. They accomplish this by strategically thinking about undesirable attributes in such a way as to reduce their perceived validity or importance, while simultaneously increasing the perceived validity or importance of desirable attributes. This process res ...
A primer on Cognitive Dissonance and its application to polygraph
A primer on Cognitive Dissonance and its application to polygraph

... occurred) but not so difficult to change my attitude towards that behavior. If I can be caused to change my attitude about the information I am withholding, it will serve to reduce the CD. If CD is reduced, the resulting tension state keeping me from divulging can be reduced and I am more likely to ...
Determining the Internal Consistency of Attitude Attributions Kyle E. Jennings ()
Determining the Internal Consistency of Attitude Attributions Kyle E. Jennings ()

... the author’s attitude. Assuming a random assignment process, then this term equals one. This leaves the likelihood term, p(e | a, p, s)/p(e | p, s). Since the denominator does not involve a, the expression can be written: p(a | e, p, s) ∝ p(a) · p(e | a, p, s) These terms will be called the posterio ...
7 Reducing Contemporary Prejudice: Combating Explicit and
7 Reducing Contemporary Prejudice: Combating Explicit and

... also unconsciously harbor negative feelings and beliefs about Blacks (as well as about other historically disadvantaged groups). In contrast to traditional research that focused on the psychopathology of prejudice, we suggest that biases involved in normal human functioning may predispose a person t ...
Sexual Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs
Sexual Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs

... believe and how we evaluate and respond to certain topics. Researchers have performed numerous experiments to learn what factors may affect beliefs and attitudes, so we know some things about general influences on them. However, when it comes to the origins and modification of sexual beliefs, values ...
Investigating the Effects of Using Internet on Cultural Attitudes of
Investigating the Effects of Using Internet on Cultural Attitudes of

... and practices of life bear the conditions of “cultural context” to the extent that they play a role to give meaning to everyday life of people and are included in the meaning of “culture”. Based on definitions and characteristics considered for culture, a new definition of culture is presented in th ...
Dissimilarity Slides
Dissimilarity Slides

... and square that were black or white, large or small, and appeared on the left or right.  The characteristics were randomly varied.  The participants had to chose either the circle or the square as the correct response.  Half of the participants had “small” as the correct response while the other ...
Attitudes - Ashton Southard
Attitudes - Ashton Southard

... attitudes, that an attitude is an association between a referent (object, person, issue) and its subjective evaluation  Thus, noticing an object in the environment and categorizing it as an instance of a particular type of object activates the node corresponding to that type of object in memory  A ...
Social attitudes modulate automatic imitation
Social attitudes modulate automatic imitation

... In previous research on the relationship between social attitudes and mimicry, including that of Lakin and Chartrand (2003) and Van Baaren et al. (2003), mimicry was measured by scoring matching behavior in naturalistic social interactions. In the majority of these studies, a participant interacted ...
Does social desirability bias favor humans?
Does social desirability bias favor humans?

... The dual-process model of impression management predicts that people will exhibit social desirability bias by exaggerating their preference for human beings over machines when they apply conscious impression management strategies in explicitly comparing human speech and machine-synthesized speech. T ...
The Role of Attitude Accessibility in the Attitude-to
The Role of Attitude Accessibility in the Attitude-to

... is known about the validity of this measure as an indication of the accessibility of attitudes and their position along the attitude/non-attitude continuum. First, the latency measure has been found to reflect what has been postulated to be the conceptual variable that determines the chronic accessi ...
Responsibility for Implicit Bias
Responsibility for Implicit Bias

... display in experimental tests such as the IAT18. Just as individuals vary in the extent to which they are explicitly prejudiced, and in the reasons for and extent to which they care about not being prejudiced, individuals vary quite significantly in the extent to which implicit biases show up in, fo ...
My enemy`s enemy is my friend: Why holding
My enemy`s enemy is my friend: Why holding

... Balance Theory Like other cognitive consistency theories (e.g., Cooper & Fazio, 1984; Festinger, 1957), Heider’s balance theory (1946, 1958) proposes that individuals’ relationships are based on balanced attitudes held by both parties. The desire for consistency among one’s thoughts, feelings, and s ...
Attitudes as Temporary Constructions
Attitudes as Temporary Constructions

... Sometimes the way in which a question is asked influences the attitude people report, but not how they actually feel. Research on self-presentation has documented the powerful effects of situational variables on people's public reports of their feelings. A striking example of this was found in the 1 ...
Do Amnesics Exhibit Cognitive Dissonance
Do Amnesics Exhibit Cognitive Dissonance

... Aesop’s fox, revising his or her attitudes to fit with the current circumstances, other people may doubt the sincerity of the person’s new beliefs and may be tempted to think of this change as rationalization or self-deception. If the grapes were suddenly available, the fox might not pass over them ...
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Implicit attitude

Implicit attitudes are evaluations that occur without conscious awareness towards an attitude object or the self. These evaluations are generally either favorable or unfavorable. They come about from various influences in the individual experience. The commonly used definition of implicit attitude within cognitive and social psychology comes from Greenwald & Banaji’s template for definitions of terms related to implicit cognition (see also implicit cognition, implicit stereotype, and implicit self-esteem for usage of this template):""Implicit attitudes are introspectively unidentified (or inaccurately identified) traces of past experience that mediate favorable or unfavorable feeling, thought, or action toward social objects"".These thoughts, feelings or actions have an influence on behavior that the individual may not be aware of.Note that an attitude is differentiated from the concept of a stereotype in that it functions as a broad favorable or unfavorable characteristic towards a social object whereas a stereotype is a set of favorable and/or unfavorable characteristics which is applied to an individual based on social group membership.
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