TINNITUS WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NOT KNOW
... with severed hearing nerve The anatomical location of the pathology is often the brain ...
... with severed hearing nerve The anatomical location of the pathology is often the brain ...
- Wiley Online Library
... OHCs from cochlear apex towards base with apical hair cell bundles showing a slightly more immature, rounded arrangement, a few short microvilli remaining within the cleft of the bundles, and narrower angles between the two arms of the V-shaped array. Basal OHCs showed a wide-angled array of stereoc ...
... OHCs from cochlear apex towards base with apical hair cell bundles showing a slightly more immature, rounded arrangement, a few short microvilli remaining within the cleft of the bundles, and narrower angles between the two arms of the V-shaped array. Basal OHCs showed a wide-angled array of stereoc ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... of multiple regressions on allometric data for 131 mammalian species, however, suggests that for 9 of 11 brain structures taxonomic and body size factors are less important than covariance of these major structures with each other. Which structure grows biggest is largely predicted by a conserved or ...
... of multiple regressions on allometric data for 131 mammalian species, however, suggests that for 9 of 11 brain structures taxonomic and body size factors are less important than covariance of these major structures with each other. Which structure grows biggest is largely predicted by a conserved or ...
Distinct Neuropathologic Phenotypes After Disrupting the
... electroneutrality during acidification of organelles, and control of ionic homeostasis (1). Much of this information has come from the disruption of CLC genes in mouse models (1, 2). Of the 9 mammalian CLCs, 4 are associated with inherited disorders, with mutations in the genes encoding ClC-Kb, ClC-1 ...
... electroneutrality during acidification of organelles, and control of ionic homeostasis (1). Much of this information has come from the disruption of CLC genes in mouse models (1, 2). Of the 9 mammalian CLCs, 4 are associated with inherited disorders, with mutations in the genes encoding ClC-Kb, ClC-1 ...
Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and
... heterogeneous, but they are the most common cause of dementia under age 65 after Alzheimer_s disease (AD) (6, 7). FTDs present with progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language dysfunction (7–9), and some patients also develop parkinsonism or motor neuron disease (MND) (2, 10). Convers ...
... heterogeneous, but they are the most common cause of dementia under age 65 after Alzheimer_s disease (AD) (6, 7). FTDs present with progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language dysfunction (7–9), and some patients also develop parkinsonism or motor neuron disease (MND) (2, 10). Convers ...
Probabilistic Anatomic Mapping of Cerebral Blood Flow Distribution
... territory has encouraged an alternate strategy for the development of probabilistic maps of this territory based on perfusion images. In this study, we developed the populationbased probabilistic anatomic map of the cerebral blood flow distribution of the MCA, which might have a crucial role in the ...
... territory has encouraged an alternate strategy for the development of probabilistic maps of this territory based on perfusion images. In this study, we developed the populationbased probabilistic anatomic map of the cerebral blood flow distribution of the MCA, which might have a crucial role in the ...
Auditory cortical processing: Binaural interaction in healthy
... Two functioning ears provide clear advantages over monaural listening. We are able to locate sound sources in a variety of auditory spaces accurately (≈1 deg) and rapidly, and redirect our attention towards the sound sources. In addition, our speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environment ...
... Two functioning ears provide clear advantages over monaural listening. We are able to locate sound sources in a variety of auditory spaces accurately (≈1 deg) and rapidly, and redirect our attention towards the sound sources. In addition, our speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environment ...
Neurobiology of ADHD Gail Tripp , Review
... effect. To date no single gene has been discovered to play a major role though several gene associations have been found. The most studied are genetic variations in the dopamine D4 receptor (Swanson et al., 2000, 1998) and the dopamine transporter (DAT1) (Gill et al., 1997). Both of these have consi ...
... effect. To date no single gene has been discovered to play a major role though several gene associations have been found. The most studied are genetic variations in the dopamine D4 receptor (Swanson et al., 2000, 1998) and the dopamine transporter (DAT1) (Gill et al., 1997). Both of these have consi ...
MDD_DMN_DFC_manuscript_revised_2_Final
... Depression is a common illness with substantial negative consequences for sufferers and society (1,2). A better insight into neurobiological changes contributing to symptom generation is a research priority to improve diagnosis and treatment (3). ...
... Depression is a common illness with substantial negative consequences for sufferers and society (1,2). A better insight into neurobiological changes contributing to symptom generation is a research priority to improve diagnosis and treatment (3). ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement
... convert within 10–15 years after onset to neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson’s disease, multisystem atrophy, or dementia of the Lewy bodies (Schenck et al., 2013). Patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder frequently show signs and symptoms associated with an increased risk of d ...
... convert within 10–15 years after onset to neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson’s disease, multisystem atrophy, or dementia of the Lewy bodies (Schenck et al., 2013). Patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder frequently show signs and symptoms associated with an increased risk of d ...
NIH Public Access
... area of brain damage is associated with the development of a defect in some aspect of cognition or behavior, and then an inference is made that the damaged brain region is a critical part of the neural substrate for the impaired function. That is, unlike functional imaging data, lesion data reveal c ...
... area of brain damage is associated with the development of a defect in some aspect of cognition or behavior, and then an inference is made that the damaged brain region is a critical part of the neural substrate for the impaired function. That is, unlike functional imaging data, lesion data reveal c ...
Optical brain imaging in vivo: techniques and applications from
... to stimuli, fMRI typically exploits the blood oxygen level dependent 共BOLD兲 signal, widely thought to correlate with HbR concentration. However, a BOLD increase 共an HbR decrease兲 may correspond to an increase in oxygenation, or a decrease in blood volume. Newer fMRI methods such as arterial spin lab ...
... to stimuli, fMRI typically exploits the blood oxygen level dependent 共BOLD兲 signal, widely thought to correlate with HbR concentration. However, a BOLD increase 共an HbR decrease兲 may correspond to an increase in oxygenation, or a decrease in blood volume. Newer fMRI methods such as arterial spin lab ...
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
... one emotion type from another, it is not clear that these findings are reliable enough (with sufficiently large effects) or generalizable enough across studies to meaningfully use brain information to infer what type of emotion was experienced. Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based vi ...
... one emotion type from another, it is not clear that these findings are reliable enough (with sufficiently large effects) or generalizable enough across studies to meaningfully use brain information to infer what type of emotion was experienced. Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based vi ...
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF): Neurotrophic Functions and
... protection of a variety of organs, including liver, kidney and lung, it has the ability to exert multipotent activities under pathophysiological conditions [8, 13]. In the nervous system, for example, c-Met/HGF signaling plays an essential role in development and maintenance [8, 11, 14]. In brief, c ...
... protection of a variety of organs, including liver, kidney and lung, it has the ability to exert multipotent activities under pathophysiological conditions [8, 13]. In the nervous system, for example, c-Met/HGF signaling plays an essential role in development and maintenance [8, 11, 14]. In brief, c ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... is difficult and ‘‘jumping’’ occurs between the adjacent white matter fiber tracts. Using a simple termination zone, such as the one used here, is desirable because of its simplicity, but it might not be appropriate if the superior collicular connections with frontal areas were to be examined. As can ...
... is difficult and ‘‘jumping’’ occurs between the adjacent white matter fiber tracts. Using a simple termination zone, such as the one used here, is desirable because of its simplicity, but it might not be appropriate if the superior collicular connections with frontal areas were to be examined. As can ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... encodes a neural-specific RNA binding protein that is critically involved in neuronal development as well as neuronal maintenance (Yao et al., 1992). Therefore, the ELAV protein is detected in virtually all neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system of embryos, larvae, pupae, and adults, a ...
... encodes a neural-specific RNA binding protein that is critically involved in neuronal development as well as neuronal maintenance (Yao et al., 1992). Therefore, the ELAV protein is detected in virtually all neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system of embryos, larvae, pupae, and adults, a ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... among different mutant lines and across genotypic groups against various measured parameters were determined using one-way or two-way ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing. To further confirm significance, Student’s two-tailed t test was performed in comparing t ...
... among different mutant lines and across genotypic groups against various measured parameters were determined using one-way or two-way ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing. To further confirm significance, Student’s two-tailed t test was performed in comparing t ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a personal relationship, choose some means to prevent our being penniless in old age, or plan for the life that lies ahead. Emotion and feeling, al ...
... space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a personal relationship, choose some means to prevent our being penniless in old age, or plan for the life that lies ahead. Emotion and feeling, al ...
Cerebral amyloidosis, amyloid angiopathy, and their relationship to
... to autosomal dominant forms of familial AD (FAD) (reviewed in [48]). As indicated in Fig. 1, multiple mutation sites either within or immediately outside the Aβ segment have been identified in the AβPP gene. Surprisingly, AβPP mutations found outside the Aβ peptide are mainly associated with dementi ...
... to autosomal dominant forms of familial AD (FAD) (reviewed in [48]). As indicated in Fig. 1, multiple mutation sites either within or immediately outside the Aβ segment have been identified in the AβPP gene. Surprisingly, AβPP mutations found outside the Aβ peptide are mainly associated with dementi ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... (Luck, 2005), the increasingly common use of high-density EEG systems with more than 100 electrodes (Tucker, 1993) both in experimental and clinical settings leads to an increasing request for such spatial analysis methods for the EEG as well (Fig. 1). There are several reasons for basing analyses o ...
... (Luck, 2005), the increasingly common use of high-density EEG systems with more than 100 electrodes (Tucker, 1993) both in experimental and clinical settings leads to an increasing request for such spatial analysis methods for the EEG as well (Fig. 1). There are several reasons for basing analyses o ...
α7 and β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits Form
... With regard to the α7 nAChR, several studies have reported cognitive deficits in α7 knockout mice and procognitive effects of selective α7 nAChR agonists [3–5]. Further, genetic studies have implicated the CHRNA7 gene in schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease [6–10]. The α7 nAChR is therefore conside ...
... With regard to the α7 nAChR, several studies have reported cognitive deficits in α7 knockout mice and procognitive effects of selective α7 nAChR agonists [3–5]. Further, genetic studies have implicated the CHRNA7 gene in schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease [6–10]. The α7 nAChR is therefore conside ...
Morphometric changes of the central nervous system of
... ing legs (Fig. 1B1). Specimens affected by bilateral oligomely (3/3) lacked an entire neuromere of walking legs in the subesophageal part of the nervous system. Its absence did not disturb the symmetry of this part, but it was considerably shorter than that of the control specimens (Fig. 1C1). It sh ...
... ing legs (Fig. 1B1). Specimens affected by bilateral oligomely (3/3) lacked an entire neuromere of walking legs in the subesophageal part of the nervous system. Its absence did not disturb the symmetry of this part, but it was considerably shorter than that of the control specimens (Fig. 1C1). It sh ...
Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... process that allows one to respond appropriately to cues associated with danger. In the case of psychiatric disorders, however, fear may persist long after an environmental threat has passed. This unremitting and often debilitating form of fear is a core component of many anxiety disorders, includin ...
... process that allows one to respond appropriately to cues associated with danger. In the case of psychiatric disorders, however, fear may persist long after an environmental threat has passed. This unremitting and often debilitating form of fear is a core component of many anxiety disorders, includin ...