Measurement of Corpus Callosum in Sudanese Population Using MRI
... The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by three layers of tissue called meninges. From the outermost layer inward they are: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is a strong, thick membrane that closely lines the inside of the skull; its two layers, the perioste ...
... The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by three layers of tissue called meninges. From the outermost layer inward they are: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is a strong, thick membrane that closely lines the inside of the skull; its two layers, the perioste ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... cytoarchitectonics between monkey human prefrontal cortical areas (Brodmann, 1909; Fuster, 2001; Ongur and Price, 2000; Petrides and Pandya, 1994). Determining these homologies is a complex and difficult task due to the enormous expansion of prefrontal cortex through evolution. Nonetheless, there is ...
... cytoarchitectonics between monkey human prefrontal cortical areas (Brodmann, 1909; Fuster, 2001; Ongur and Price, 2000; Petrides and Pandya, 1994). Determining these homologies is a complex and difficult task due to the enormous expansion of prefrontal cortex through evolution. Nonetheless, there is ...
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... Identify the parts of the neuron and explain how neurons communicate with each other. Identify key neurotransmitters and describe their functions. Explain how an action potential is generated Explain the difference between agonists and antagonists. Describe how the nervous system is organized Descri ...
... Identify the parts of the neuron and explain how neurons communicate with each other. Identify key neurotransmitters and describe their functions. Explain how an action potential is generated Explain the difference between agonists and antagonists. Describe how the nervous system is organized Descri ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
From Lesions to Leptin: Review Hypothalamic Control of Food
... hypercorticosteronemia, and low levels of thyroid hormone. Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice do not undergo normal puberty, unless they are given exogenous leptin (Barash et al., 1996; Chehab et al., 1996). In normal female mice, leptin administration from the time of weaning accelerates the onset of pube ...
... hypercorticosteronemia, and low levels of thyroid hormone. Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice do not undergo normal puberty, unless they are given exogenous leptin (Barash et al., 1996; Chehab et al., 1996). In normal female mice, leptin administration from the time of weaning accelerates the onset of pube ...
Rapid Whole Brain Imaging Of Neural Activities In Freely
... from their interspacing and the spatial arrangement, so both the imaging volume and ...
... from their interspacing and the spatial arrangement, so both the imaging volume and ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... planarian brain at the molecular level has just begun [6,7,9-11]. Research during the past two decades using molecular and cellular techniques has shown that the planarian brain is divided into several functional and structural domains that are composed of several neural subtypes, and that it uses m ...
... planarian brain at the molecular level has just begun [6,7,9-11]. Research during the past two decades using molecular and cellular techniques has shown that the planarian brain is divided into several functional and structural domains that are composed of several neural subtypes, and that it uses m ...
The Role of Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproduction
... The critical role that kisspeptins play in regulating the reproductive axis is illustrated by the consequences of mutations in the kisspeptin signaling pathway in mice and humans. Mice with disruption of the kisspeptin receptor gene (Gpr54/Kiss1r) (24, 27, 51, 60, 100) or Kiss1 (20, 27) do not under ...
... The critical role that kisspeptins play in regulating the reproductive axis is illustrated by the consequences of mutations in the kisspeptin signaling pathway in mice and humans. Mice with disruption of the kisspeptin receptor gene (Gpr54/Kiss1r) (24, 27, 51, 60, 100) or Kiss1 (20, 27) do not under ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... and Fresno, 1998; Dopp et al, 1997). The neuronspecific constitutive TNF-α expression, in conjunction with the broader cell-type and regional expression of TNFRs, suggests a functional, regulatory role for TNF-α. In developing rodent brain, TNF-α is transiently expressed at high levels in immature e ...
... and Fresno, 1998; Dopp et al, 1997). The neuronspecific constitutive TNF-α expression, in conjunction with the broader cell-type and regional expression of TNFRs, suggests a functional, regulatory role for TNF-α. In developing rodent brain, TNF-α is transiently expressed at high levels in immature e ...
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... Clinical Neuroscience Division, Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA ...
... Clinical Neuroscience Division, Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA ...
The thalamus as a putative biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders
... misfolding or prions) along the same neural circuits, also resulting in topographically distinct patterns of neural loss in most age-related neurodegenerative disease (Warren et al., 2013). Indeed it is also possible that proteopathies may also contribute to trans-synaptic neurodegeneration, though ...
... misfolding or prions) along the same neural circuits, also resulting in topographically distinct patterns of neural loss in most age-related neurodegenerative disease (Warren et al., 2013). Indeed it is also possible that proteopathies may also contribute to trans-synaptic neurodegeneration, though ...
Scrapie in the central nervous system
... infectivity in optic nerve from 21 days p.i. Between one and five of the 12 assay mice killed at 21, 35, 56 and 77 days p.i. died with scrapie. These groups therefore received less than one ID50 infectious unit of inoculum. Optic nerve titres were corrected for dilution, but the plateau from 140 day ...
... infectivity in optic nerve from 21 days p.i. Between one and five of the 12 assay mice killed at 21, 35, 56 and 77 days p.i. died with scrapie. These groups therefore received less than one ID50 infectious unit of inoculum. Optic nerve titres were corrected for dilution, but the plateau from 140 day ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... a. His condition will worsen. b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF ...
... a. His condition will worsen. b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF ...
Hox Genes: Choreographers in Neural Development, Architects of
... difficult to assess the cell autonomy of their function in the CNS. Moreover, even when a Hox gene is expressed during an early narrow time window, effects of its deletion may manifest in later steps of circuit formation, confounding the interpretation of mouse knockouts. Additional complications ar ...
... difficult to assess the cell autonomy of their function in the CNS. Moreover, even when a Hox gene is expressed during an early narrow time window, effects of its deletion may manifest in later steps of circuit formation, confounding the interpretation of mouse knockouts. Additional complications ar ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the development of epilepsy
... Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, but our understanding of the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it remains incomplete. Several pathological changes typically occur in the epileptic brain, including neuronal loss, neurogenesis, neurite growth, and reorgani ...
... Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, but our understanding of the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it remains incomplete. Several pathological changes typically occur in the epileptic brain, including neuronal loss, neurogenesis, neurite growth, and reorgani ...
10 Anxiety in Functional Pain Disorders Bruce D. Naliboff and Jamie L. Rhudy
... between negative affect and symptom development and persistence in these disorders. Symptom-specific anxiety can be defined as the cognitive, affective, and behavioral response stemming from fear of specific somatic (or visceral) sensations, symptoms, and the context in which these sensations and symptom ...
... between negative affect and symptom development and persistence in these disorders. Symptom-specific anxiety can be defined as the cognitive, affective, and behavioral response stemming from fear of specific somatic (or visceral) sensations, symptoms, and the context in which these sensations and symptom ...
Cadherin Expression by Embryonic Divisions and
... reflected, in part, by the regional and differential expression of cadherins. Each cadherin-defined diencephalic division is secondarily transformed to give rise to a fully developed domain of gray matter in the mature diencephalon, which extends radially from the ventricular surface to the pial sur ...
... reflected, in part, by the regional and differential expression of cadherins. Each cadherin-defined diencephalic division is secondarily transformed to give rise to a fully developed domain of gray matter in the mature diencephalon, which extends radially from the ventricular surface to the pial sur ...
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... underlying neuronal excitability and electrical signaling are those selective for Na⫹, K⫹, and Ca2⫹. Neuronal VDICs also exhibit widely differing properties of how sensitive their gating, or the opening or closing of the channel pore, is to changes in membrane potential. Different VDICs also differ ...
... underlying neuronal excitability and electrical signaling are those selective for Na⫹, K⫹, and Ca2⫹. Neuronal VDICs also exhibit widely differing properties of how sensitive their gating, or the opening or closing of the channel pore, is to changes in membrane potential. Different VDICs also differ ...
Sample
... 2-33. Which activity involves activation of the parasympathetic system? a) picking up a ball b) studying for a final exam c) resting after a stressful drive home d) getting “psyched up” to play an important tennis match ANS: c, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2 2-34. Homeostasis refers to a) a balanced state ...
... 2-33. Which activity involves activation of the parasympathetic system? a) picking up a ball b) studying for a final exam c) resting after a stressful drive home d) getting “psyched up” to play an important tennis match ANS: c, p. 46, C/A, Difficulty=2 2-34. Homeostasis refers to a) a balanced state ...
Yuan, Y-W., J. M. Sagawa, R. C. Young, B. J.
... However, despite considerable progress in identifying genes and mutations responsible for postzygotic isolation, little is known about the genetic and molecular basis underlying prezygotic barriers. The bumblebee-pollinated Mimulus lewisii and the hummingbirdpollinated M. cardinalis represent a clas ...
... However, despite considerable progress in identifying genes and mutations responsible for postzygotic isolation, little is known about the genetic and molecular basis underlying prezygotic barriers. The bumblebee-pollinated Mimulus lewisii and the hummingbirdpollinated M. cardinalis represent a clas ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... FIG 1. Example of 2D J-PRESS spectroscopy. A, 2D spectrum of a phantom containing NAA and Cr displayed in 3D, with the vertical axis being signal intensity; the horizontal axis, the chemical shift; and the oblique axis, the “decoupling” or J-dimension. Introduction of this second dimension provides ...
... FIG 1. Example of 2D J-PRESS spectroscopy. A, 2D spectrum of a phantom containing NAA and Cr displayed in 3D, with the vertical axis being signal intensity; the horizontal axis, the chemical shift; and the oblique axis, the “decoupling” or J-dimension. Introduction of this second dimension provides ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions within the posterior hypothalamus, somnolence, hypersomnia, narcolepsy or coma has been repeatedly reported following lesions/inactivation of this region in several mammalian species (rev ...
... Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions within the posterior hypothalamus, somnolence, hypersomnia, narcolepsy or coma has been repeatedly reported following lesions/inactivation of this region in several mammalian species (rev ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... Overexpression of α-synuclein in hippocampal neurons affected the reclustering of synaptic vesicles following endocytosis, causing a reduction in the size of the synaptic vesicle recycling pool [51]. Additionally, overexpression of α-synuclein carrying the A53T or E46K mutations (which retain the ab ...
... Overexpression of α-synuclein in hippocampal neurons affected the reclustering of synaptic vesicles following endocytosis, causing a reduction in the size of the synaptic vesicle recycling pool [51]. Additionally, overexpression of α-synuclein carrying the A53T or E46K mutations (which retain the ab ...
The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour
... greatly contributed to our understanding of the neural correlates of impulsivity in rodents. A commonly used behavioural paradigm that reliably measures aspects of the inhibition of actions, or impulsive action, in rodents is the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The 5CSRTT was originally ...
... greatly contributed to our understanding of the neural correlates of impulsivity in rodents. A commonly used behavioural paradigm that reliably measures aspects of the inhibition of actions, or impulsive action, in rodents is the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The 5CSRTT was originally ...
TINNITUS WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NOT KNOW
... with severed hearing nerve The anatomical location of the pathology is often the brain ...
... with severed hearing nerve The anatomical location of the pathology is often the brain ...