pathophysiology of attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
... impairment. This latter finding suggests that familial ADHD and neuropsychological impairment identify a more biologically based type of ADHD. In contrast, nonfamilial cases of ADHD with lesser neuropsychological impairments may have other etiologic factors. Children with ADHD do not appear to be im ...
... impairment. This latter finding suggests that familial ADHD and neuropsychological impairment identify a more biologically based type of ADHD. In contrast, nonfamilial cases of ADHD with lesser neuropsychological impairments may have other etiologic factors. Children with ADHD do not appear to be im ...
neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
... basal activity at time of death, while changes in subunit protein expression are related to long-term regulation of the enzyme, affecting the “reserve capacity” of the mitochondria to respond to higher energy demands. Finally, we performed neuronal counts of dopaminergic and total number of neurons ...
... basal activity at time of death, while changes in subunit protein expression are related to long-term regulation of the enzyme, affecting the “reserve capacity” of the mitochondria to respond to higher energy demands. Finally, we performed neuronal counts of dopaminergic and total number of neurons ...
... antisera upon tissue sections. This approach has been used to demonstrate brain-directed autoantibodies in sera from patients with paraneoplastic neurological diseases [13], Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) [14], and as an investigative tool for demonstrating autoimmunity in a wide range of other CNS and ...
Neurobiological mechanisms of puberty in higher primates
... Grumbach, 2002), the value of this concept to higher primates is not readily apparent. This is because the mechanism that times gonadarche in these species is one that regulates the delay or prevention of this developmental process (Pescovitz, 2000), which, in the case of man, is capable of manifest ...
... Grumbach, 2002), the value of this concept to higher primates is not readily apparent. This is because the mechanism that times gonadarche in these species is one that regulates the delay or prevention of this developmental process (Pescovitz, 2000), which, in the case of man, is capable of manifest ...
A Critical Review of Secondary Neurodegeneration
... deposits in AD [28]. [11C]PiB has now also been used to detect the amyloid-β accumulation in other neurodegenerative conditions (reviewed in [29]), including stroke [4,18,20,30]. It should be noted that [11C]PiB is recognised to have particularly high binding affinity for amyloid fibrils found in de ...
... deposits in AD [28]. [11C]PiB has now also been used to detect the amyloid-β accumulation in other neurodegenerative conditions (reviewed in [29]), including stroke [4,18,20,30]. It should be noted that [11C]PiB is recognised to have particularly high binding affinity for amyloid fibrils found in de ...
Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non
... convolutions were always so uniform, that the general result of experimentation in ten monkeys may be stated together. The results were: Elevation of the eyebrows and the upper eyelids, turning of the eyes and head to the opposite side, and great dilatation of both pupils. Occasionally on stimulatio ...
... convolutions were always so uniform, that the general result of experimentation in ten monkeys may be stated together. The results were: Elevation of the eyebrows and the upper eyelids, turning of the eyes and head to the opposite side, and great dilatation of both pupils. Occasionally on stimulatio ...
hox Gene Regulation and Function During Zebrafish
... The central dilemma of a developing multicellular organism is how to control the differentiation and arrangement of a single cell into different structures and functions in a reproducible, stereotypic way. One method that has evolved throughout biology is to partition or segment cells into seemingly ...
... The central dilemma of a developing multicellular organism is how to control the differentiation and arrangement of a single cell into different structures and functions in a reproducible, stereotypic way. One method that has evolved throughout biology is to partition or segment cells into seemingly ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
Molecular Pathological Classification of Neurodegenerative
... development of novel therapeutic strategies. Indeed, vaccination against α-synuclein, amyloid-β (Aβ), or tau has been explored, in particular that these proteins seem to propagate cell-to-cell and may be accessible to antibodies [10]. Disease-modifying therapeutic strategies may require reducing the ...
... development of novel therapeutic strategies. Indeed, vaccination against α-synuclein, amyloid-β (Aβ), or tau has been explored, in particular that these proteins seem to propagate cell-to-cell and may be accessible to antibodies [10]. Disease-modifying therapeutic strategies may require reducing the ...
Huntingtin Aggregation Kinetics and Their Pathological
... behavioral phenotypes without obvious aggregation. Conversely, the HD mouse model “short-stop” expresses an N-terminal poly(Q)-Htt fragment and displays aggregate formation, but no neuronal dysfunction or degeneration (Slow et al. 2005). Indeed, neuronal cell death associated with transient expressi ...
... behavioral phenotypes without obvious aggregation. Conversely, the HD mouse model “short-stop” expresses an N-terminal poly(Q)-Htt fragment and displays aggregate formation, but no neuronal dysfunction or degeneration (Slow et al. 2005). Indeed, neuronal cell death associated with transient expressi ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... to renewed attention37. They suggested that the AIC/IFG is involved in the stimulus-triggered reorienting of attention and that the ACC is involved in the detection and/or resolution of processing conflicts; ...
... to renewed attention37. They suggested that the AIC/IFG is involved in the stimulus-triggered reorienting of attention and that the ACC is involved in the detection and/or resolution of processing conflicts; ...
Neurological characterization of mice deficient in GSK3α highlight
... Background: GSK3β is involved in a wide range of physiological functions, and is presumed to act in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, from bipolar disorder to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In contrast, the GSK3α isozyme remained largely ignored with respect to both aspects. Results: We generate ...
... Background: GSK3β is involved in a wide range of physiological functions, and is presumed to act in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, from bipolar disorder to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In contrast, the GSK3α isozyme remained largely ignored with respect to both aspects. Results: We generate ...
Diffusion Tensor Imaging - Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory
... The individual DTI images are scaled to a standard space and aligned either to each other or to a standard image. After aligning the individual images, a three-dimensional map is created which then contains the mean of all individuals. This map can be used to calculate the mean skeleton representing ...
... The individual DTI images are scaled to a standard space and aligned either to each other or to a standard image. After aligning the individual images, a three-dimensional map is created which then contains the mean of all individuals. This map can be used to calculate the mean skeleton representing ...
The importance of Wnt signalling for neurodegeneration in
... However, the Nurr1 transcription factor, a well-described regulator of dopaminergic gene expression, can also be bound and co-activated by β-catenin [29]. Together, these observations demonstrate a fundamental importance for Wnt signalling in the biology of dopaminergic neurons, and also suggest the ...
... However, the Nurr1 transcription factor, a well-described regulator of dopaminergic gene expression, can also be bound and co-activated by β-catenin [29]. Together, these observations demonstrate a fundamental importance for Wnt signalling in the biology of dopaminergic neurons, and also suggest the ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... network of cholinergic axons (Geula and Mesulam, 1990; Mesulam et al., 1992; Mesulam and Geula, 1994). Virtually all of these axons originate from the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (Chl-Ch4), -which are rich in the enzymes choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
... network of cholinergic axons (Geula and Mesulam, 1990; Mesulam et al., 1992; Mesulam and Geula, 1994). Virtually all of these axons originate from the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (Chl-Ch4), -which are rich in the enzymes choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
Gap Junctions in the Ventral Hippocampal-Medial
... Departments of 1Psychology and 2Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 ...
... Departments of 1Psychology and 2Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... acetylcholine. This network has a key role in cognition, and its neurons are among the first to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease. However, relatively little is known about the structure of these ‘cholinergic’ neurons because their large size makes them difficult to study using standard techniques. ...
... acetylcholine. This network has a key role in cognition, and its neurons are among the first to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease. However, relatively little is known about the structure of these ‘cholinergic’ neurons because their large size makes them difficult to study using standard techniques. ...
Glia cells, lipid metabolism and Alzheimer`s disease
... the blood, which is important in the metabolic support of neurons. Astrocytes detect synaptic activity by binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on the astrocytic membrane. By secreting vasoactive substances, astrocytes can regulate the blood flow in reaction to varying levels of neuronal activit ...
... the blood, which is important in the metabolic support of neurons. Astrocytes detect synaptic activity by binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on the astrocytic membrane. By secreting vasoactive substances, astrocytes can regulate the blood flow in reaction to varying levels of neuronal activit ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as in non-neuronal cells. VGLUTs are localized in the dorsal root ganglia, where they are involved in nociception (Oliviera et al. 2003), in the trigeminal ganglion (Li et al. 2003) and in enteric neurons being the primary afferent neurotransmitter that transf ...
... peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as in non-neuronal cells. VGLUTs are localized in the dorsal root ganglia, where they are involved in nociception (Oliviera et al. 2003), in the trigeminal ganglion (Li et al. 2003) and in enteric neurons being the primary afferent neurotransmitter that transf ...
Autonomic nervous system
... • Controls and helps to maintain balance in all other organ systems Disorders are numerous and often difficult to diagnose and treat © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This documen ...
... • Controls and helps to maintain balance in all other organ systems Disorders are numerous and often difficult to diagnose and treat © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This documen ...
Autonomic nervous system
... • Controls and helps to maintain balance in all other organ systems Disorders are numerous and often difficult to diagnose and treat © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This documen ...
... • Controls and helps to maintain balance in all other organ systems Disorders are numerous and often difficult to diagnose and treat © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This documen ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... to a number of diseases including movement disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, and depression (reviewed by [7–9]). The zebrafish (Danio rerio) research model is increasingly being used in neurotoxicity studies (as reviewed by [3,10–13]). Zebrafish share the common neurotransmitter pathways with m ...
... to a number of diseases including movement disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, and depression (reviewed by [7–9]). The zebrafish (Danio rerio) research model is increasingly being used in neurotoxicity studies (as reviewed by [3,10–13]). Zebrafish share the common neurotransmitter pathways with m ...
Document
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
Leptin: A metabolic signal affecting central regulation of
... are characterized by alterations in serum concentrations of many hormones and growth factors that regulate adipocyte function and leptin secretion [1]. Recent microarray analysis by our laboratory revealed that 21 secreted protein genes were expressed 40-fold in neonatal porcine adipose tissue and p ...
... are characterized by alterations in serum concentrations of many hormones and growth factors that regulate adipocyte function and leptin secretion [1]. Recent microarray analysis by our laboratory revealed that 21 secreted protein genes were expressed 40-fold in neonatal porcine adipose tissue and p ...
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... c. Terminal buttons are the most common type of neuron in the nervous system. d. Terminal buttons look like knobby swellings. e. The terminal buttons are found at the end of axons. ANSWER: REFERENCES: ...
... c. Terminal buttons are the most common type of neuron in the nervous system. d. Terminal buttons look like knobby swellings. e. The terminal buttons are found at the end of axons. ANSWER: REFERENCES: ...