Solar Wind - International School of Space Science
... Does the Sun have E||? • ESWs have been detected by Wind at L1. • These milli-second structures have dimensions of a few tens of Debye lengths and are aligned along the magnetic field direction, closely resembling the ESWs observed in the auroral ionosphere, although the amplitudes are much smaller ...
... Does the Sun have E||? • ESWs have been detected by Wind at L1. • These milli-second structures have dimensions of a few tens of Debye lengths and are aligned along the magnetic field direction, closely resembling the ESWs observed in the auroral ionosphere, although the amplitudes are much smaller ...
Tentamen f¨or kursen Rymdfysik (1FA255) 2015-10-23
... iv. If a magnetic field is frozen into a plasma, two plasma elements which at one time are on the same magnetic field line will always be so. v. As the plasma in interplanetary space is tenuous, the interplanetary magnetic field decays with distance r from the Sun at least as fast as 1/r3 . (b) Figu ...
... iv. If a magnetic field is frozen into a plasma, two plasma elements which at one time are on the same magnetic field line will always be so. v. As the plasma in interplanetary space is tenuous, the interplanetary magnetic field decays with distance r from the Sun at least as fast as 1/r3 . (b) Figu ...
ASTRO EXAM AFTERNOON Review
... brief outbursts of solar photons release enormous amounts of photons & energy (UV, Radio, XRay radiation) Ejects fast moving photons, strengthening the solar wind ...
... brief outbursts of solar photons release enormous amounts of photons & energy (UV, Radio, XRay radiation) Ejects fast moving photons, strengthening the solar wind ...
Threat of Sunshine
... 98,000 atoms of helium 850 of oxygen 360 of carbon 120 of neon 110 of nitrogen 40 of magnesium 35 of silicon 35 of iron ...
... 98,000 atoms of helium 850 of oxygen 360 of carbon 120 of neon 110 of nitrogen 40 of magnesium 35 of silicon 35 of iron ...
Lecture 16 - Empyrean Quest Publishers
... 2. Recycled star stuff with heavier elements combined with H and He gas from Big Bang, and gravity pulled it together. There were two supernova in our region. 3. The gas cloud collapsed to a spinning disk and a globe in the center. 4. It heated as it collapsed, the center hotter than outer regions: ...
... 2. Recycled star stuff with heavier elements combined with H and He gas from Big Bang, and gravity pulled it together. There were two supernova in our region. 3. The gas cloud collapsed to a spinning disk and a globe in the center. 4. It heated as it collapsed, the center hotter than outer regions: ...
January 2015 - Hermanus Astronomy
... The latest mystery revolves around an "extremely sharp" boundary at the inner edge of the outer belt at roughly 11,600 m in altitude that appears to block the ultrafast electrons from breeching the shield and moving deeper toward Earth's atmosphere. "It's almost like theses electrons are running in ...
... The latest mystery revolves around an "extremely sharp" boundary at the inner edge of the outer belt at roughly 11,600 m in altitude that appears to block the ultrafast electrons from breeching the shield and moving deeper toward Earth's atmosphere. "It's almost like theses electrons are running in ...
The Sun
... At and above the corona: Gas is very hot Very energetic Like steam above our boiling pot of water, the gas ‘evaporates’. • Wind passes out through Coronal Holes • Solar Wind carries away a million tons of Sun’s mass each second! • Only 0.1% of total Sun’s mass in last 4.6 billion years. ...
... At and above the corona: Gas is very hot Very energetic Like steam above our boiling pot of water, the gas ‘evaporates’. • Wind passes out through Coronal Holes • Solar Wind carries away a million tons of Sun’s mass each second! • Only 0.1% of total Sun’s mass in last 4.6 billion years. ...
The Solar System
... planets and their satellites orbit the sun at different periods of revolution. A period of revolution is directly related to a planet’s distance from the sun. As distance decreases, the period of revolution decreases. Therefore, a year length is different for each planet. In addition, planets also r ...
... planets and their satellites orbit the sun at different periods of revolution. A period of revolution is directly related to a planet’s distance from the sun. As distance decreases, the period of revolution decreases. Therefore, a year length is different for each planet. In addition, planets also r ...
ACE-OSS-1998
... The S3DPU engineering model at UNH is being used to simulate the problem. The engineering model has also experienced resets. Correlations with solar activity are being investigated. The S3DPU engineer at TUB, Germany, is involved in these efforts. The resets appear to be caused by memory corruption ...
... The S3DPU engineering model at UNH is being used to simulate the problem. The engineering model has also experienced resets. Correlations with solar activity are being investigated. The S3DPU engineer at TUB, Germany, is involved in these efforts. The resets appear to be caused by memory corruption ...
Earth
... The Solar system Formation from the solar nebula-rotating disk of gas and dust around proto-sun Planetessimals form and these clumps combine to eventually form planets 4 inner planets -”terrestrial;” small and rocky 4 outer planets-” jovian;” gas and ice Pluto no longer a planet!!! Our moon pro ...
... The Solar system Formation from the solar nebula-rotating disk of gas and dust around proto-sun Planetessimals form and these clumps combine to eventually form planets 4 inner planets -”terrestrial;” small and rocky 4 outer planets-” jovian;” gas and ice Pluto no longer a planet!!! Our moon pro ...
Space Environment Forecasting for the Exploration Initiative with the
... Sun-Climate workshop, January 2011,Goa, India UNCOPUOS presentation on extreme space weather and extreme solar minimum, Feb, 2010 & ISWI Steering Committee Meeting Sun 360 Conference in Kiel, Germany July 25-29 Heliophysics Summer School July 27- Aug 3, Boulder CO - The Effects of Solar Va ...
... Sun-Climate workshop, January 2011,Goa, India UNCOPUOS presentation on extreme space weather and extreme solar minimum, Feb, 2010 & ISWI Steering Committee Meeting Sun 360 Conference in Kiel, Germany July 25-29 Heliophysics Summer School July 27- Aug 3, Boulder CO - The Effects of Solar Va ...
July, 2014 - Spy Hill .net
... system we had to base any theories on was our own solar system. And it seems that ours is a rather unusual one in the galaxy, at least that part of it that we have been able to explore so far. The discovery of “hot Jupiters”, planets the size of Jupiter or larger, orbiting their stars very closely a ...
... system we had to base any theories on was our own solar system. And it seems that ours is a rather unusual one in the galaxy, at least that part of it that we have been able to explore so far. The discovery of “hot Jupiters”, planets the size of Jupiter or larger, orbiting their stars very closely a ...
24 The Sun - Solar Physics Group
... Temperature decreases until we get to the photosphere (5800 K). The chromosphere is hotter (up to 20,000K). Above this is a hot corona (1-10 MK) that extends into space. What heats the corona? We think it’s the Sun’s magnetic field, but the process is not well understood! ...
... Temperature decreases until we get to the photosphere (5800 K). The chromosphere is hotter (up to 20,000K). Above this is a hot corona (1-10 MK) that extends into space. What heats the corona? We think it’s the Sun’s magnetic field, but the process is not well understood! ...
EUV and Soft X-ray Optics, Thin Films and Outer Space.
... Energetic light, entering the orifice of the instrument, may also reflect on the Start Surface and create false stop signal in the Stop Detector. In space, there is an abundant supply of vacuum ultraviolet photons (especially 121.6 nm=10.2 ev), which is energetic enough to cause this effect. The XUV ...
... Energetic light, entering the orifice of the instrument, may also reflect on the Start Surface and create false stop signal in the Stop Detector. In space, there is an abundant supply of vacuum ultraviolet photons (especially 121.6 nm=10.2 ev), which is energetic enough to cause this effect. The XUV ...
Space Weather User Needs Related to Solar Observations
... 1 minute resolution of total flux is required to capture X-ray flare onset and magnitude. Spectral measurements like those of GOES, ie. 0.1-0.8 nm and 0.05-0.4 nm, are required. Higher spectral resolution than the GOES instrument may be useful, eg. 1-20keV spectral measurements which could be achiev ...
... 1 minute resolution of total flux is required to capture X-ray flare onset and magnitude. Spectral measurements like those of GOES, ie. 0.1-0.8 nm and 0.05-0.4 nm, are required. Higher spectral resolution than the GOES instrument may be useful, eg. 1-20keV spectral measurements which could be achiev ...
Document
... 1700, when, for reasons that are not understood, very few sunspots were observed. Sunspots have reached a maximum about every 11 years since 1700, and there is also a suggestion of some sort of cycle on a 55- to 57-year time scale. Because the pre-1700 period of low sunspot activity coincides with a ...
... 1700, when, for reasons that are not understood, very few sunspots were observed. Sunspots have reached a maximum about every 11 years since 1700, and there is also a suggestion of some sort of cycle on a 55- to 57-year time scale. Because the pre-1700 period of low sunspot activity coincides with a ...
The Sun - TutorPlus
... Sunspot activity and solar latitude • Appearance of sunspots changes in solar latitude during a sunspot cycle. They start at around 40 degree latitude and end at around the Sun’s equator. ...
... Sunspot activity and solar latitude • Appearance of sunspots changes in solar latitude during a sunspot cycle. They start at around 40 degree latitude and end at around the Sun’s equator. ...
the Sun - University of Redlands
... again transparent to light. – The hot convection cell tops radiate energy as a function of their temperature (5800 K). ...
... again transparent to light. – The hot convection cell tops radiate energy as a function of their temperature (5800 K). ...
Summary of camp and co
... “Hands-on” modelling of the earth, moon and sun to show reasons for day and night, seasons, and tides Worksheets for sundial and shadow-sticks, finding north in the day-time, and south at night Solar system model: relative sizes, orbits and distances of planets and sun Night-time observing (if appli ...
... “Hands-on” modelling of the earth, moon and sun to show reasons for day and night, seasons, and tides Worksheets for sundial and shadow-sticks, finding north in the day-time, and south at night Solar system model: relative sizes, orbits and distances of planets and sun Night-time observing (if appli ...
11 Astronomy
... •63 moons –Some retrograde •King of the gods Solar System – Jupiter's moons •Amalthea – produces heat, small moon •Ananke – retrograde •S1999-J1 – retrograde •Io – electric generator in Jupiter's magnetic field Solar system -- Saturn •Gas giant •1 year = 24.5 years •1 day = 10 hr 39 min •Thousands o ...
... •63 moons –Some retrograde •King of the gods Solar System – Jupiter's moons •Amalthea – produces heat, small moon •Ananke – retrograde •S1999-J1 – retrograde •Io – electric generator in Jupiter's magnetic field Solar system -- Saturn •Gas giant •1 year = 24.5 years •1 day = 10 hr 39 min •Thousands o ...
Life Cycle of Our Sun
... Earth’s Magnetosphere: The Earth’s invisible magnetic field. This field attracts solar particles from the sun that could destroy all life on Earth. The field forms around the Earth’s magnetic poles, which rotate every 10,000 years. Our magnetic poles are shifting right now and will change possib ...
... Earth’s Magnetosphere: The Earth’s invisible magnetic field. This field attracts solar particles from the sun that could destroy all life on Earth. The field forms around the Earth’s magnetic poles, which rotate every 10,000 years. Our magnetic poles are shifting right now and will change possib ...
Inospheric Physics refresher
... 8. The part of the atmosphere where also ionosphere is located is called _____________________________. Below it, ________________________ is located and the coldest place in the atmosphere is at __________________ 9. The ionospheric regions from down to up are: _________________________. During nig ...
... 8. The part of the atmosphere where also ionosphere is located is called _____________________________. Below it, ________________________ is located and the coldest place in the atmosphere is at __________________ 9. The ionospheric regions from down to up are: _________________________. During nig ...
Media Release
... the Earth, and that these so-called superflares triggered changes to the early Earth’s atmospheric chemistry. They estimate that such clouds of charged particles could have hit the Earth frequently — perhaps more than once per day. Numerical simulations of the interactions between the superflares an ...
... the Earth, and that these so-called superflares triggered changes to the early Earth’s atmospheric chemistry. They estimate that such clouds of charged particles could have hit the Earth frequently — perhaps more than once per day. Numerical simulations of the interactions between the superflares an ...
SOLAR ORBITER All the space you need
... he Sun is the ultimate source of virtually all the energy on Earth; it is the dynamo that drives the weather, and its energy directly or indirectly fuels almost every living thing on our planet. Furthermore, virtually all the energy we use to sustain our complex society has its origins in the sun’s ...
... he Sun is the ultimate source of virtually all the energy on Earth; it is the dynamo that drives the weather, and its energy directly or indirectly fuels almost every living thing on our planet. Furthermore, virtually all the energy we use to sustain our complex society has its origins in the sun’s ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.