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Inospheric Physics refresher, part I 1. The outer part of the solar atmosphere is called ________________________ and it forms___________________________________. 2. The Sun acts like a black body radiator at the temperature of _____________. The dayside ionospheric ionisation is mainly caused by __________________ radiation in the wavelength areas of _____________________________. The ____________ and ______________________ parts of the solar electro– magnetic spectrum depend strongly on the activity of the Sun. 3. Write the continuity equation: 4. Write the convective derivative: 5. Write the momentum equation for neutral gas with as many force densities as you can think of: 6. Diffusion is _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ . Diffusion coefficient is given by: 7. Write the equation for pressure and density profile of gas in a stationary state and with constant temperature: scale height is given by: 8. The part of the atmosphere where also ionosphere is located is called _____________________________. Below it, ________________________ is located and the coldest place in the atmosphere is at __________________ 9. The ionospheric regions from down to up are: _________________________. During night time, the following layers almost disappear: ______________________. 10. Which new force densities appear in the momentum equations for ions and electrons as compared to the neutrals: 11. Write equations for ion and electron velocities: where ki is ___________________________________ and ke is ___________________________________ . 12. In the F region, both ions and electrons move with a velocity of 13. How ambipolar diffusion differs from diffusion in a neutral gas? 14. Diffusion electric field forces _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ . 15. Ambipolar diffusion coefficient: 16. Concept of optical depth is related to the process of ____________________ in the atmosphere. Give the equation and explain on which parameters it depends on: 17. Ionozation rate q describes________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ . 18. Chapman production function depends on ____________________________ _____________________________________________________________ . 19. When solar radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere, it produces prcesses of ____________________________________________________________ . Typically, the threshold energy for ______________________________ of molecules is _________________ than for ionisation and the threshold wavelength is __________________________. 20. The average energy for an ion-electron pair production in the atmosphere is ______ eV. 21. Photochemical equilibrium is given by equation: 22. Alpha-type loss process is given by equation: and beta-type loss process by: 23. Electron densities in alpha- and beta-type regions are given by: 24. The dominant ion in the F reqion is __________ and the dominat ions in the E region are _____________________ . The difference of D region to E and F is that ions there (especially at the lower part) may be ____________________ or ________________________________ .