Layers of the Sun (~ 75% Hydrogen ~ 25% Helium)
... turning four hydrogen nuclei into a single helium nucleus plus a LOT of energy. This "hydrogen burning" releases gamma rays (high-energy photons) and neutrinos (particles with no charge and almost no mass). Solar energy is created deep within the core of the Sun. It is here that the temperature (15, ...
... turning four hydrogen nuclei into a single helium nucleus plus a LOT of energy. This "hydrogen burning" releases gamma rays (high-energy photons) and neutrinos (particles with no charge and almost no mass). Solar energy is created deep within the core of the Sun. It is here that the temperature (15, ...
www.NewYorkScienceTeacher.org/review
... scientists determine the speed of a star’s motion. Motion between the source of light and the observer cause the spectral lines to shift in wavelength. Depending on whether the wavelength is shorter or longer, the observer can determine if the star is moving toward or away from Earth. These shifts a ...
... scientists determine the speed of a star’s motion. Motion between the source of light and the observer cause the spectral lines to shift in wavelength. Depending on whether the wavelength is shorter or longer, the observer can determine if the star is moving toward or away from Earth. These shifts a ...
The Sun - www .alexandria .k12 .mn .us
... together to form heavier ones. • This process releases huge amounts of energy - each second, the Sun produces 4 x 1026 joules of energy! ...
... together to form heavier ones. • This process releases huge amounts of energy - each second, the Sun produces 4 x 1026 joules of energy! ...
Solar space instrumentations and techniques
... percentage of photons that are actually detected is known as the Quantum Efficiency (QE). • Wavelength range: CCDs can have a wide wavelength range ranging from about 400nm (blue) to about 1050nm (Infra-red) with a peak sensitivity at around 700nm. However, using a process known as backthinning, it ...
... percentage of photons that are actually detected is known as the Quantum Efficiency (QE). • Wavelength range: CCDs can have a wide wavelength range ranging from about 400nm (blue) to about 1050nm (Infra-red) with a peak sensitivity at around 700nm. However, using a process known as backthinning, it ...
Solar Geometry - TeachEngineering
... geothermal vents). The energy in all living creatures and fossil fuels is derived from the sun. Plants capture solar energy through photosynthesis. All other creatures get energy from eating plants or other creatures that have eaten plants. Even the movement of wind and water are caused by the sun, ...
... geothermal vents). The energy in all living creatures and fossil fuels is derived from the sun. Plants capture solar energy through photosynthesis. All other creatures get energy from eating plants or other creatures that have eaten plants. Even the movement of wind and water are caused by the sun, ...
Sun-Solar System Connection Roadmap: 2005-2035
... Open the Frontier to Space Weather Prediction Understand the fundamental physical processes of the space environment – from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium 1) Understand magnetic reconnection as revealed in solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and geospace ...
... Open the Frontier to Space Weather Prediction Understand the fundamental physical processes of the space environment – from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium 1) Understand magnetic reconnection as revealed in solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and geospace ...
OGT Review Elements
... The scale ranges from 0-14. 0 is the most acidic. (hydrochloric acid) 14 is the most basic. (sodium hydroxide) 7 is neutral. (water) ...
... The scale ranges from 0-14. 0 is the most acidic. (hydrochloric acid) 14 is the most basic. (sodium hydroxide) 7 is neutral. (water) ...
Objective F: Open the Frontier to Space Weather Prediction
... solar transition region, to planetary upper atmospheres, to the heliosphere's interface with the interstellar medium. These populations transfer energy and momentum through multi-scale, nonlinear interactions which act to redistribute the bulk flows that, in turn, feed energy back into the original ...
... solar transition region, to planetary upper atmospheres, to the heliosphere's interface with the interstellar medium. These populations transfer energy and momentum through multi-scale, nonlinear interactions which act to redistribute the bulk flows that, in turn, feed energy back into the original ...
Section I. SpuItering of ices ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS OF
... water products capable of forming a heavy ion (oxygen) torus in the inner magnetosphere [16,41]. It has been proposed that ammonia ice, suggested to be important in the internal dynamics of, for example, Enceladus [42,43], is not observed by Voyager remote sensing instruments because of the preferen ...
... water products capable of forming a heavy ion (oxygen) torus in the inner magnetosphere [16,41]. It has been proposed that ammonia ice, suggested to be important in the internal dynamics of, for example, Enceladus [42,43], is not observed by Voyager remote sensing instruments because of the preferen ...
Mass transport in the heliosphere by energetic neutral atoms
... exchange between hot plasma ions and background interstellar neutral gas in the heliospheric sheath (Figure 1) and their energies are below a few keV. When charge exchange occurs, the resulting ENA instantaneously becomes independent from the surrounding plasma and the influences of the magnetic fie ...
... exchange between hot plasma ions and background interstellar neutral gas in the heliospheric sheath (Figure 1) and their energies are below a few keV. When charge exchange occurs, the resulting ENA instantaneously becomes independent from the surrounding plasma and the influences of the magnetic fie ...
OGT Review Elements
... The further away from the nucleus a shell is, the more electrons it can hold and therefore it has a higher energy level. The inner most level can hold 2 electrons, the second can hold 8, the third up to 18 and so ...
... The further away from the nucleus a shell is, the more electrons it can hold and therefore it has a higher energy level. The inner most level can hold 2 electrons, the second can hold 8, the third up to 18 and so ...
THE SUN - rgreenbergscience
... Flares expel much of their energy as x-rays and are generated when electrical currents are suddenly released as one or more magnetic field loops in the corona become strained to the breaking point and snap into a new shape This radiation reaches the earth in 8 minutes and can disrupt radio communica ...
... Flares expel much of their energy as x-rays and are generated when electrical currents are suddenly released as one or more magnetic field loops in the corona become strained to the breaking point and snap into a new shape This radiation reaches the earth in 8 minutes and can disrupt radio communica ...
Inner Planets Geology
... NASA's Mariner 10 spacecraft made its first flyby of Mercury in March 1974, and was also the only Mariner mission to visit two planets (the other was Venus). Images beamed back by the spacecraft from 437 miles above the planet revealed a surface very similar to that of the moon. However, Mariner 10 ...
... NASA's Mariner 10 spacecraft made its first flyby of Mercury in March 1974, and was also the only Mariner mission to visit two planets (the other was Venus). Images beamed back by the spacecraft from 437 miles above the planet revealed a surface very similar to that of the moon. However, Mariner 10 ...
magnetospheres of the outer planets
... the surfaces and atmospheres of the planets, satellites, and ring particles. This work is only one of many investigations performed by members of the Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) experiment team led by S. M. Krimigis. 5-7 The experiment was built by APL and flown on Voyagers 1 and 2 to measure ...
... the surfaces and atmospheres of the planets, satellites, and ring particles. This work is only one of many investigations performed by members of the Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) experiment team led by S. M. Krimigis. 5-7 The experiment was built by APL and flown on Voyagers 1 and 2 to measure ...
The Sun - Tvining.us
... travels at measured rates of 300-770 km/sec past the Earth Recent data from the spacecraft Ulysses show that the solar wind emanating from the polar regions flows at nearly double the rate, 750 kilometers per second, that it does at lower latitudes. ...
... travels at measured rates of 300-770 km/sec past the Earth Recent data from the spacecraft Ulysses show that the solar wind emanating from the polar regions flows at nearly double the rate, 750 kilometers per second, that it does at lower latitudes. ...
Forces and MotionTest
... d. Freezing water expands inside of cracks in rock and breaks the rock apart 13) Why do sedimentary rocks sometimes contain fossils? a. The animals and plants grew in the rock b. The animals and plants were trapped during a rock slide c. The animals and plants were trapped before the rocks were form ...
... d. Freezing water expands inside of cracks in rock and breaks the rock apart 13) Why do sedimentary rocks sometimes contain fossils? a. The animals and plants grew in the rock b. The animals and plants were trapped during a rock slide c. The animals and plants were trapped before the rocks were form ...
Image quality - Queen`s University Belfast
... r0 = 11 cm (λ = 550nm , z = 0) Spatial resolution of a ground based telescope limited to that of a telescope with diameter r0 The largest telescopes have the same image quality as an 11cm telescope (if no image correction is applied) ...
... r0 = 11 cm (λ = 550nm , z = 0) Spatial resolution of a ground based telescope limited to that of a telescope with diameter r0 The largest telescopes have the same image quality as an 11cm telescope (if no image correction is applied) ...
AAS_WFXT_Solar_System_11Jan2010
... study. Most objects have been detected with only a few photons. • There is an important list of solar system objects that have yet to be detected in the x-ray : Mercury, the ice giants Uranus/Neptune, the Main Belt comets,KBOs, and the heliopause. • Large Scale WFXT Imaging will allow for direct, co ...
... study. Most objects have been detected with only a few photons. • There is an important list of solar system objects that have yet to be detected in the x-ray : Mercury, the ice giants Uranus/Neptune, the Main Belt comets,KBOs, and the heliopause. • Large Scale WFXT Imaging will allow for direct, co ...
Magnetic Fields of Sun PowerPoint
... Large, complex magnetic field extends far out into space. – called the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). – solar wind = stream of charged particles flowing outward from the Sun, carries the IMF to the planets and beyond. – solar wind and IMF interact with planetary magnetic fields in complex ways ...
... Large, complex magnetic field extends far out into space. – called the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). – solar wind = stream of charged particles flowing outward from the Sun, carries the IMF to the planets and beyond. – solar wind and IMF interact with planetary magnetic fields in complex ways ...
Mars Express - The Scientific Investigations: ASPERA-3
... were identified using ASPERA-3 data. The figure also demonstrates that solar wind ions protrude all the way down to pericentre (here 300 km). At the same time we observe energisation of planetary (heavy) ions. The Electron Spectrometer (ELS) has demonstrated a unique capability to resolve the fine s ...
... were identified using ASPERA-3 data. The figure also demonstrates that solar wind ions protrude all the way down to pericentre (here 300 km). At the same time we observe energisation of planetary (heavy) ions. The Electron Spectrometer (ELS) has demonstrated a unique capability to resolve the fine s ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.