RADIUS (6371 KM) - Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
... Because it is outside our atmosphere, the telescope can view astronomical objects across a broad swath of the electromagnetic spectrum, from ultraviolet light, to visible, to near-infrared wavelengths. Mission cost to date $14B ...
... Because it is outside our atmosphere, the telescope can view astronomical objects across a broad swath of the electromagnetic spectrum, from ultraviolet light, to visible, to near-infrared wavelengths. Mission cost to date $14B ...
The Sun
... These are also known as the Northern Lights (aurora borealis) in the northern hemisphere, and the Southern Lights (aurora australis) in the southern hemisphere. Coronal mass ejections, along with solar flares of other origin, can disrupt radio transmissions, cause power outages, and cause damage to ...
... These are also known as the Northern Lights (aurora borealis) in the northern hemisphere, and the Southern Lights (aurora australis) in the southern hemisphere. Coronal mass ejections, along with solar flares of other origin, can disrupt radio transmissions, cause power outages, and cause damage to ...
November 2015 - Hermanus Astronomy
... sunlight breaks apart and ionises nitrogen and methane molecules and allows them to react with one another to form more and more complex negatively and positively charged ions. When they recombine, they form very complex macromolecules, a process first found to occur in the upper atmosphere of Satur ...
... sunlight breaks apart and ionises nitrogen and methane molecules and allows them to react with one another to form more and more complex negatively and positively charged ions. When they recombine, they form very complex macromolecules, a process first found to occur in the upper atmosphere of Satur ...
Lecture 9 - Angular Momentum Transport
... 5. The planets differ in composition. Their composition varies roughly with distance from the Sun: dense, metal-rich planets are in the inner part and giant, hydrogen-rich planets are in the outer part. 6. Meteorites differ in chemical and geologic properties from the planets and the Moon. 7. The Su ...
... 5. The planets differ in composition. Their composition varies roughly with distance from the Sun: dense, metal-rich planets are in the inner part and giant, hydrogen-rich planets are in the outer part. 6. Meteorites differ in chemical and geologic properties from the planets and the Moon. 7. The Su ...
Geology of the Inner Planets
... NASA's Mariner 10 spacecraft made its first flyby of Mercury in March 1974, and was also the only Mariner mission to visit two planets (the other was Venus). Images beamed back by the spacecraft from 437 miles above the planet revealed a surface very similar to that of the moon. However, Mariner 10 ...
... NASA's Mariner 10 spacecraft made its first flyby of Mercury in March 1974, and was also the only Mariner mission to visit two planets (the other was Venus). Images beamed back by the spacecraft from 437 miles above the planet revealed a surface very similar to that of the moon. However, Mariner 10 ...
EEn.1.1.1 Explain the Earth`s motion through space, including
... energy is released from high-powered atomic bonds between the particles within the nucleus. The main difference between these two processes is that fission is the splitting of an atom into two or more smaller ones while fusion is the fusing of two or more smaller atoms into a larger one. ...
... energy is released from high-powered atomic bonds between the particles within the nucleus. The main difference between these two processes is that fission is the splitting of an atom into two or more smaller ones while fusion is the fusing of two or more smaller atoms into a larger one. ...
Last signal sent from RTG
... solar system, studying energetic particles from the Sun (solar wind), and cosmic rays entering our portion of the Milky Way. The spacecraft continued to make valuable scientific investigations in the outer regions of the solar system until its science mission ended on March 31, 1997. Since that time ...
... solar system, studying energetic particles from the Sun (solar wind), and cosmic rays entering our portion of the Milky Way. The spacecraft continued to make valuable scientific investigations in the outer regions of the solar system until its science mission ended on March 31, 1997. Since that time ...
Slide 1
... The same question at Jupiter has remained unanswered since the Voyager era [e.g., Hill et al., 1983]. To address this mystery we investigate an azimuthal heating cycle that might operate in the middle, non-dipolar magnetospheric region. This idea was first proposed by Goertz [1978]. In this cycle “m ...
... The same question at Jupiter has remained unanswered since the Voyager era [e.g., Hill et al., 1983]. To address this mystery we investigate an azimuthal heating cycle that might operate in the middle, non-dipolar magnetospheric region. This idea was first proposed by Goertz [1978]. In this cycle “m ...
Cluster mission and data analysis for the March 2001
... The Cluster mission will bring new light to understand the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere. This mission consists of four satellites, each with eleven instruments on board. In this paper we use data provided from the Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) instrument. To illu ...
... The Cluster mission will bring new light to understand the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere. This mission consists of four satellites, each with eleven instruments on board. In this paper we use data provided from the Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) instrument. To illu ...
Measuring Solar Mass Loss and Internal Structure from Monitoring
... distance from Earth is repeated, high-precision measurements. The recession of the planets from the Sun also accumulates, over the square of time, t2. While a time series as long as exists for LLR isn’t practically feasible, measurements along many baselines – between planets – can conceivably add s ...
... distance from Earth is repeated, high-precision measurements. The recession of the planets from the Sun also accumulates, over the square of time, t2. While a time series as long as exists for LLR isn’t practically feasible, measurements along many baselines – between planets – can conceivably add s ...
Today`s Powerpoint
... Sunspots They are darker because they are cooler (4500 K vs. 5800 K). Related to loops of the Sun's magnetic field. ...
... Sunspots They are darker because they are cooler (4500 K vs. 5800 K). Related to loops of the Sun's magnetic field. ...
Lecture 12
... bouncing within the Sun to study flows and structures deep inside. How are they detected and measured? A. By listening very carefully, since 55-minute periods hard to hear otherwise B. By observing Doppler shifts of spectral line emitted by solar surface moving up and down C. By seeing how solar pro ...
... bouncing within the Sun to study flows and structures deep inside. How are they detected and measured? A. By listening very carefully, since 55-minute periods hard to hear otherwise B. By observing Doppler shifts of spectral line emitted by solar surface moving up and down C. By seeing how solar pro ...
sources of hard and soft x-ray emission in solar flares: mhd simulation
... appear in the current sheet due to plasma heating at magnetic field dissipation. The source of hard beam X-ray emission is located in the place of crossing with the solar surface of magnetic lines which are enter from the current sheet. They appear as the result of electrons beams interaction, which ...
... appear in the current sheet due to plasma heating at magnetic field dissipation. The source of hard beam X-ray emission is located in the place of crossing with the solar surface of magnetic lines which are enter from the current sheet. They appear as the result of electrons beams interaction, which ...
IMAP (Interstellar MApping Probe)
... electrons covering an extended energy range from ~few eV up to 100s of MeV/nucleon; b) the very energetic neutral atoms with temporal, spectral and spatial resolution; c) the energy spectra and timing of neutrons, X-rays and -rays from solar flares, d) the solar wind ions and electrons, and e) the ...
... electrons covering an extended energy range from ~few eV up to 100s of MeV/nucleon; b) the very energetic neutral atoms with temporal, spectral and spatial resolution; c) the energy spectra and timing of neutrons, X-rays and -rays from solar flares, d) the solar wind ions and electrons, and e) the ...
Origin and Formation of the Universe – PowerPoint notes
... 1. Galaxies begin as a _____________________________ in space 2. The cloud __________________ under the force of it’s own ____________________, forming galaxies of a variety of shapes. 3. Our galaxy, the ____________________________ is a spiral galaxy, consisting of a _____________________ surrounde ...
... 1. Galaxies begin as a _____________________________ in space 2. The cloud __________________ under the force of it’s own ____________________, forming galaxies of a variety of shapes. 3. Our galaxy, the ____________________________ is a spiral galaxy, consisting of a _____________________ surrounde ...
AMPTE: NOTES ON THE INITIAL ... WORK IN PROGRESS _ _ _ _ _... _
... amount of literature speculating on the nature of ring current composition. The American spacecraft on AMPTE, the Charge Composition Explorer, contains instrumentation, which, for the first time, makes all these measurements possible. "We had the opportunity with AMPTE to study an intense magnetic s ...
... amount of literature speculating on the nature of ring current composition. The American spacecraft on AMPTE, the Charge Composition Explorer, contains instrumentation, which, for the first time, makes all these measurements possible. "We had the opportunity with AMPTE to study an intense magnetic s ...
The Corona
... and the others planets in the solar system in orbit. The Sun’s light and heat influence all of the objects in the solar system and allow life to exist on Earth. The Sun’s radius is 695,508 km, 109 times as large as Earth’s radius. The Sun has a lower density (about 1,409 g/cm3). Which is a quarter o ...
... and the others planets in the solar system in orbit. The Sun’s light and heat influence all of the objects in the solar system and allow life to exist on Earth. The Sun’s radius is 695,508 km, 109 times as large as Earth’s radius. The Sun has a lower density (about 1,409 g/cm3). Which is a quarter o ...
Solar Interior 2 (Petrie)
... 3. "If it were not for its magnetic field, the Sun would be as dull a star as most astronomers think it is." (reported by P. Sturrock) ...
... 3. "If it were not for its magnetic field, the Sun would be as dull a star as most astronomers think it is." (reported by P. Sturrock) ...
Structure of the Sun
... 2) During eclipses it glows a reddish color, this color is given off by the hydrogen 3) Temperatures range from 4,000 – 50,000 degrees C 4) In upward movements, gas regularly forms narrow jets of hot gas that shoot outward to form the chromospheres and then fade way within a few minutes. a. They can ...
... 2) During eclipses it glows a reddish color, this color is given off by the hydrogen 3) Temperatures range from 4,000 – 50,000 degrees C 4) In upward movements, gas regularly forms narrow jets of hot gas that shoot outward to form the chromospheres and then fade way within a few minutes. a. They can ...
Astronomy – Name: ______KEY___________________ Date
... 11. Under what conditions would a CME be of no concern to us? If a large CME struck the earth such that its magnetic polarity were oppositely aligned with earth’s polarity, a huge surge of energy could damage power grids. 12. Approximately what temperature is the corona of the sun? Millions of degre ...
... 11. Under what conditions would a CME be of no concern to us? If a large CME struck the earth such that its magnetic polarity were oppositely aligned with earth’s polarity, a huge surge of energy could damage power grids. 12. Approximately what temperature is the corona of the sun? Millions of degre ...
The Sun`s Exterior
... The number of sunspots varies on an 11-year cycle. The amount of sunlight and magnetic activity on the Sun increases and decreases every 11 years. ...
... The number of sunspots varies on an 11-year cycle. The amount of sunlight and magnetic activity on the Sun increases and decreases every 11 years. ...
Micrometeoroid flux in the inner Solar System
... asteroid belt are at the origin of dust bands observed in IRAS data (Low et al. 1984, Hauser et al. 1984). These bands were interpreted as dust deriving from the continuous collisional activity in the asteroid furnishing a constant supply of debris (Dermott et al. 1984, Sykes and Greenberg 1986). Th ...
... asteroid belt are at the origin of dust bands observed in IRAS data (Low et al. 1984, Hauser et al. 1984). These bands were interpreted as dust deriving from the continuous collisional activity in the asteroid furnishing a constant supply of debris (Dermott et al. 1984, Sykes and Greenberg 1986). Th ...
Presentation - Science in the News
... After a while , the universe was cool enough for the electrons to the atoms for the first time, releasing light Billions of years later they've reached us as a uniform distribution on the sky. This is a map of that radiation. ...
... After a while , the universe was cool enough for the electrons to the atoms for the first time, releasing light Billions of years later they've reached us as a uniform distribution on the sky. This is a map of that radiation. ...
Lecture #5: Evolution of the Earth`s Atmosphere
... occurred 15 - 20 billion years ago. Expanding gases from the big bang cooled and began to condense to the first stars and galaxies. The planets in our solar system (including Earth) condensed from the solar nebula ~4.5 billion years ago under the influence of gravity. In the early days of the Earth ...
... occurred 15 - 20 billion years ago. Expanding gases from the big bang cooled and began to condense to the first stars and galaxies. The planets in our solar system (including Earth) condensed from the solar nebula ~4.5 billion years ago under the influence of gravity. In the early days of the Earth ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.