The Copines, a Novel Class of C2 Domain-containing, Calcium
... domains that provide additional regulation of the annexin or binding sites for other proteins. In contrast, the C2 domain, for which the structure is also known (3), is a motif that is attached to a diverse array of enzymatic or protein interaction domains to provide calcium and/or lipid regulation ...
... domains that provide additional regulation of the annexin or binding sites for other proteins. In contrast, the C2 domain, for which the structure is also known (3), is a motif that is attached to a diverse array of enzymatic or protein interaction domains to provide calcium and/or lipid regulation ...
S-layer Structure in Bacteria and Archaea
... with layered supramolecular architectures surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane. Of the finest examples of such supramolecular cell wall components are surface or S-layers. These regular paracrystalline pericellular structures were first observed in the bacterium Spirillum serpens and in the archaeum ...
... with layered supramolecular architectures surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane. Of the finest examples of such supramolecular cell wall components are surface or S-layers. These regular paracrystalline pericellular structures were first observed in the bacterium Spirillum serpens and in the archaeum ...
Here. - Blumenstiel Lab
... coiled-coil regions and that the N termini from opposing dimers interact, either directly or indirectly, through interactions with additional proteins in an antiparallel fashion to form tetramers. These tetramers become the TFs that span the width of the mature SC as the C termini interact with the ...
... coiled-coil regions and that the N termini from opposing dimers interact, either directly or indirectly, through interactions with additional proteins in an antiparallel fashion to form tetramers. These tetramers become the TFs that span the width of the mature SC as the C termini interact with the ...
The Formation of the Central Element of the
... coiled-coil regions and that the N termini from opposing dimers interact, either directly or indirectly, through interactions with additional proteins in an antiparallel fashion to form tetramers. These tetramers become the TFs that span the width of the mature SC as the C termini interact with the ...
... coiled-coil regions and that the N termini from opposing dimers interact, either directly or indirectly, through interactions with additional proteins in an antiparallel fashion to form tetramers. These tetramers become the TFs that span the width of the mature SC as the C termini interact with the ...
EspF review - Newcastle University Staff Publishing Service
... entirely dependent on an intact mitochondrial membrane potential, as the smaller cleaved form is not present in cells treated with the mitochondrial inhibitor valinomycin (14) (Fig. 3F). Role in apoptosis. Until recently, only one of EspF’s functions, the induction of apoptosis, was dependent on mit ...
... entirely dependent on an intact mitochondrial membrane potential, as the smaller cleaved form is not present in cells treated with the mitochondrial inhibitor valinomycin (14) (Fig. 3F). Role in apoptosis. Until recently, only one of EspF’s functions, the induction of apoptosis, was dependent on mit ...
supplementary text
... clusters in TdT-short isoform, but cliques in TdT-long form were sparsely distributed. Moreover, unlike TdT-short form, lack of any cliques between thumb and index finger in TdT-long form, indicated that the latter did not possess a compact component of thumb and index finger. (Fig. 7b and Fig. S8). ...
... clusters in TdT-short isoform, but cliques in TdT-long form were sparsely distributed. Moreover, unlike TdT-short form, lack of any cliques between thumb and index finger in TdT-long form, indicated that the latter did not possess a compact component of thumb and index finger. (Fig. 7b and Fig. S8). ...
References - BioMed Central
... and leptin receptors: binding to JAK2 inhibits its kinase activity When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit or GRB2: activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the r ...
... and leptin receptors: binding to JAK2 inhibits its kinase activity When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit or GRB2: activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the r ...
Protein import into the nucleus - Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
... of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. This review will focus on new findings on protein import into the nucleus. Export of proteins and import/export of R N A have been reviewed recently [1-4]. Molecules of up to ,~ 50 kDa may pass the NPC by diffusion. However, even small pro ...
... of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. This review will focus on new findings on protein import into the nucleus. Export of proteins and import/export of R N A have been reviewed recently [1-4]. Molecules of up to ,~ 50 kDa may pass the NPC by diffusion. However, even small pro ...
Definition Assignment
... specialized mitochondria we are familiar with today evolved over millions of years. For this reason, they can no longer live outside of the cell. The endosymbiotic theory confirms why mitochondria resemble free-living bacteria (Zimorski et al., 2014). ...
... specialized mitochondria we are familiar with today evolved over millions of years. For this reason, they can no longer live outside of the cell. The endosymbiotic theory confirms why mitochondria resemble free-living bacteria (Zimorski et al., 2014). ...
mHDA1/HDAC5 Histone Deacetylase Interacts with and
... the protein was almost as efficient in repressing the MEF2A transcriptional activity as the fulllength HDAC5 (Fig. 3D, compare 1-1113 and 123-673 constructs). This repression was found to be dependent on MEF2A-HDAC5 interaction, since a deletion mutant lacking the Nterminal region, defined to be the ...
... the protein was almost as efficient in repressing the MEF2A transcriptional activity as the fulllength HDAC5 (Fig. 3D, compare 1-1113 and 123-673 constructs). This repression was found to be dependent on MEF2A-HDAC5 interaction, since a deletion mutant lacking the Nterminal region, defined to be the ...
Paper
... channel formation by HlyA in lipid bilayer membranes did not require the presence of calcium ions, and the channel-forming activity of HlyA remained unaltered upon deletion of the RTX repeats or removal of free calcium ions (Döbereiner et al, 1996; Ludwig et al, 1988; Basler et al, 2007). This repre ...
... channel formation by HlyA in lipid bilayer membranes did not require the presence of calcium ions, and the channel-forming activity of HlyA remained unaltered upon deletion of the RTX repeats or removal of free calcium ions (Döbereiner et al, 1996; Ludwig et al, 1988; Basler et al, 2007). This repre ...
FOXO1 Plays an Essential Role in Apoptosis of Retinal
... found in human retinas with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [11,12] and has been shown to induce apoptosis of retinal endothelial cells [13]. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory drugs prevent early events in diabetic retinopathy via TNF-α suppression [14], and TNF-α inhibition in vivo reduces the lo ...
... found in human retinas with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [11,12] and has been shown to induce apoptosis of retinal endothelial cells [13]. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory drugs prevent early events in diabetic retinopathy via TNF-α suppression [14], and TNF-α inhibition in vivo reduces the lo ...
HAUSP, a deubiquitinating enzyme for p53, is polyubiquitinated
... regions between nucleosomes. As expected, rHAUSP-transfected HeLa cells died completely. We observed extracted genomic DNA from apoptotic HeLa cells induced by rHAUSP and rHAUSP (C224S), visualized as DNA ladders, indicating that these cells are apoptotic (data not shown). We also investigated the e ...
... regions between nucleosomes. As expected, rHAUSP-transfected HeLa cells died completely. We observed extracted genomic DNA from apoptotic HeLa cells induced by rHAUSP and rHAUSP (C224S), visualized as DNA ladders, indicating that these cells are apoptotic (data not shown). We also investigated the e ...
Biology / Biochemistry News
... cysteine within mammalian cells, thereby regulating several different actions in cells. One result of this removal is the activation of molecules that begin apoptosis, which is the normal programmed death of a cell. This process has potential importance for many diseases, including inflammatory dise ...
... cysteine within mammalian cells, thereby regulating several different actions in cells. One result of this removal is the activation of molecules that begin apoptosis, which is the normal programmed death of a cell. This process has potential importance for many diseases, including inflammatory dise ...
Structural and enzymatic characterization of a glycoside hydrolase
... toolbox of glycosidases for the specific modification and saccharification of cell wall polymers for biotechnological applications. ...
... toolbox of glycosidases for the specific modification and saccharification of cell wall polymers for biotechnological applications. ...
Polar location and functional domains of the Agrobacterium
... plemented the virE2 mutant, indicating that all mutations in virD4 abolished the ability to transfer VirE2 to plants (Table 2). In dominance assays, all mutants had a recessive phenotype. The C-terminal end encodes a VirD4–VirD4 interaction domain Subcellular localization studies suggested that VirD ...
... plemented the virE2 mutant, indicating that all mutations in virD4 abolished the ability to transfer VirE2 to plants (Table 2). In dominance assays, all mutants had a recessive phenotype. The C-terminal end encodes a VirD4–VirD4 interaction domain Subcellular localization studies suggested that VirD ...
AP Biology
... molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor, for example) into the extracellular fluid. ...
... molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor, for example) into the extracellular fluid. ...
video slide
... molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor, for example) into the extracellular fluid. ...
... molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor, for example) into the extracellular fluid. ...
Cell Communication Lecture
... molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor, for example) into the extracellular fluid. ...
... molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor, for example) into the extracellular fluid. ...
New drugs for hepatitis C
... Daclinza is a potent NS5A inhibitor and is most effective and resistant to mutations when used with other HCV drugs like Harvon ...
... Daclinza is a potent NS5A inhibitor and is most effective and resistant to mutations when used with other HCV drugs like Harvon ...
PI-9 siRNA (h): sc-40949 - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
... (PI-9, also designated cytoplasmic antiproteinase 3, or CAP3) is a 42 kDa member of the ovalbumin family of serpins that is expressed in placenta, lung and cytotoxic lymphocytes. PI-9 is a potent inhibitor of granzyme B and of granzyme B-mediated apoptosis, and is also an inhibitor of caspase-1 and, ...
... (PI-9, also designated cytoplasmic antiproteinase 3, or CAP3) is a 42 kDa member of the ovalbumin family of serpins that is expressed in placenta, lung and cytotoxic lymphocytes. PI-9 is a potent inhibitor of granzyme B and of granzyme B-mediated apoptosis, and is also an inhibitor of caspase-1 and, ...
Data S1.
... setting the threshold for cycle threshold (Ct) manually at the same value, to allow comparison of multiple ...
... setting the threshold for cycle threshold (Ct) manually at the same value, to allow comparison of multiple ...
Print
... Although only a few dozen such substrates have been identified (110), in vitro studies suggest that the number of cellular caspase substrates may ultimately prove to be much larger, perhaps several hundred to one thousand (Z. Li, L. Zhong, and D. Bredesen, unpublished results). In any case, however, ...
... Although only a few dozen such substrates have been identified (110), in vitro studies suggest that the number of cellular caspase substrates may ultimately prove to be much larger, perhaps several hundred to one thousand (Z. Li, L. Zhong, and D. Bredesen, unpublished results). In any case, however, ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.