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Peer-reviewed Article PDF
Peer-reviewed Article PDF

... and genetics, emerging targets and therapeutics provides new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of several major disease systems. During drug discovery research many targets against cancer were also discovered. Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other prote ...
E-selectin prefers fatty-sweet receptors on rolling neutrophils
E-selectin prefers fatty-sweet receptors on rolling neutrophils

... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chris Pepper ...
Mutant p53 and chromatin regulation
Mutant p53 and chromatin regulation

... proliferation in cells expressing mutant p53, but do not affect those lacking p53. Eliminating gain-of-function p53 or interfering with its mechanism of action can have anticancer effects in vitro and in mice6,14,15. Moreover, there is much enthusiasm for cancer treatments that affect chromatin modi ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
ABSTRACT Title of Document:

... The first anti-apoptotic gene that was identified by our lab, nuoG, is a part of the nuo operon and codes for a protein NDH-1. NDH-1 is a proton-pumping NADH ubiquinone reductase, and is also called respiratory complex 1. It is the first enzyme of the bacterial and mitochondrial respiratory chain. I ...
1 Introduction of autophagy
1 Introduction of autophagy

... cancer cells, which is beneficial to cell survival. 4. Dual actions of autophagy in the genesis and development of cancer. a) in the different tumor cells b) impacted by different external factors in the same type of cells. c) enhanced autophagy in the early stage of tumor; weakened autophagy in the ...
Yamada et al., Cell 2005
Yamada et al., Cell 2005

...  Defects will lead to different types of diseases  3 different types of cadherin and their roles ...
Gene Section ABL1 (v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1)
Gene Section ABL1 (v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1)

... phosphadytilinositol 4-5 bi-phosphate could play an inhibitory role. The autoregulatory mechanism remains functional in the cytoplasmic and nuclear form of c-abl. The latter is also negatively regulated by Rb in the Gphase of the cell cycle. Beside the structural autoinhibition, several cellular pro ...
3did: a catalog of domain-based interactions of
3did: a catalog of domain-based interactions of

... in the everyday work of biologists (36). Many different approaches have been taken in order to achieve this. Most of them exploit the observation that evolutionary conserved domain families are used as independently interacting modules in proteins. These functional modules are reflected at the protei ...
Surface Infrared Spectroscopic Study of ATP Synthesis in Mitochondria
Surface Infrared Spectroscopic Study of ATP Synthesis in Mitochondria

... This work was supported by Grant-in-Aids from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant no. 20246008). ...
Bio3460-22 Hormones
Bio3460-22 Hormones

... Fig. 1 Contrasting stomatal responses to exogenous ABA applied to diverse lineages of ...
Sophistication of foldamer form and function in
Sophistication of foldamer form and function in

... [54,55]. The elegant efforts of Seebach and co-workers [56,57] towards the b-peptide equivalent of an a-peptide Zn-finger [58] came to fruition in the form of a b-hexadecapeptide that was designed to assemble into the characteristic Zn-finger fold in the presence of 1 equivalent Zn2+. In the absence ...
Developmental programmed cell death in plants Hideo Kuriyama
Developmental programmed cell death in plants Hideo Kuriyama

... prevents the actions of harmful cell contents released from TEs that are dying as a result of PCD. The lysosome of animal cells is the counterpart of the plant lytic vacuole. Recently, the lysosome was reported to participate in caspase-dependent apoptosis [42]. Oxidative ...
Cell Communication
Cell Communication

... to a single response. ...
The Protein Product of the c-cb! Protooncogene Is Phosphorylated
The Protein Product of the c-cb! Protooncogene Is Phosphorylated

... [3SS]methionine/cysteinewere incubated with SH3-GST. (a) Bound proteins were resolvedby SDS-PAGEand visualized by autoradiography. The p120'hI protein is indicated by an arrow. (b) The proteins bound by the immobilized fusion protein were subsequently analyzed by immunoblotring with anti-c-cbl antib ...
Evolution of Cell Signaling
Evolution of Cell Signaling

... to a single response. ...
Identification of the factors that interact with NCBP, an 80 kDa
Identification of the factors that interact with NCBP, an 80 kDa

... eIF-4E, conserved among species, are important for cap binding activity (3), whereas no similar sequence is found in either NCBP or NIP1. Although essential domains of NCBP and NIP1 for cap binding activity remain to be elucidated, it is likely that the RBD in NIP1 plays some role in binding activit ...
STIM1 and TRP - PublicationsList.org
STIM1 and TRP - PublicationsList.org

... • Prwevious name Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel protein 1 (CRACM1) • Orai1, Orai2, Orai3 • 301 aa; Four transmembrane domains • Forms multimeric ion channels in the PM • Low concentrations of 2-APB activate and high conc inhibit Orai1 • Orai3 is stimuleted by 2-APB ...
Evolution of Cell Signaling
Evolution of Cell Signaling

... to a single response. ...
CHAPTER 1 PATHOGENESIS OF GOUSIEKTE  1.1
CHAPTER 1 PATHOGENESIS OF GOUSIEKTE 1.1

... Titin in the I-band exhibits elastic behaviour upon sarcomeric stretch, contributing to the passive tension of cardiac muscle (Fig. 2.1). The extensible I-band region of titin has multiple segments: the tandemly arranged Ig (immunoglobulin-like) segments, N2B, N2A and the PEVK region, so called beca ...
3.B-C-D Expectations
3.B-C-D Expectations

... STATE chemical signaling is present all 5 kingdoms STATE that any deviation in the normal chemical signal pathway can alter the cell’s response STATE the most source of genetic diversity in a bacterial colony STATE the percentage of DNA in humans that codes for proteins or functional RNA STATE where ...
BCL-2 Expression and Mitochondrial Activity in
BCL-2 Expression and Mitochondrial Activity in

... and thus deficient in oxidative phosphorylation, remain susceptible to protection by the transfected human BCL-2 gene." On the other hand, cells deficient in mitochondrial DNA still contain all nuclear encoded mitochondrial enzymes and retain important mitochondrial functions that include succinate ...
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate

... Adenosine Triphosphate ...
Mito Quiz Answers
Mito Quiz Answers

... 2) Are mitochondria in every cell of the body and how many are in each cell? There are hundreds to thousands of mitochondria in every cell in the human body except for red blood cells. 3) Do mitochondria look and function the same in different organ systems? Mitochondria have a different appearance ...
a-Catulin, a Rho signalling component, can regulate NF
a-Catulin, a Rho signalling component, can regulate NF

... IKK HLH domains may also interact with other proteins, and biochemical evidence indicates that indeed a variety of additional proteins may be loosely or transiently associated with the IKK complex (Bouwmeester et al., 2004). a-Catulin is a 73-kDa protein that has similarities to human vinculin and a ...
sv-lncs - Department of Computer Science and Engineering
sv-lncs - Department of Computer Science and Engineering

... protein interactions gives function to proteins which have not been tested yet, and helps researchers understand the underlying biological network. Minimum Set Cover, MSC, approach is able to predict protein interactions with a higher specificity than other methods using the same information while m ...
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Apoptosome



The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.
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