Galluzzi et al., 2007. Cell Death and Differentition 14:1237-1266
... mechanisms underlying cell death. In this context, noncaspase death effectors (e.g. AIF, EndoG and HtrA2/Omi) as well as the deleterious consequences of failing mitochondrial metabolism lead to cell death even when effector caspases are inhibited.8,12,14,20 The issue, however, remains controversial, ...
... mechanisms underlying cell death. In this context, noncaspase death effectors (e.g. AIF, EndoG and HtrA2/Omi) as well as the deleterious consequences of failing mitochondrial metabolism lead to cell death even when effector caspases are inhibited.8,12,14,20 The issue, however, remains controversial, ...
Multiple mediators of plant programmed cell death: interplay of
... Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process aimed at eliminating redundant or harmful cells during the life cycle of multicellular organisms. For example, PCD is responsible for the removal of excess cells in the developing nervous system, or is activated in defence against infected or mutated cells, p ...
... Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process aimed at eliminating redundant or harmful cells during the life cycle of multicellular organisms. For example, PCD is responsible for the removal of excess cells in the developing nervous system, or is activated in defence against infected or mutated cells, p ...
Molten rocks in motion
... Anfangstangente der Flugbahn” — does not coincide, as would be expected, with the axis of the bore of the barrel, when produced, but is more or less inclined to it at a small angle; this is called the angle of error of departure ... The collection of photo-chronographic records, twenty-eight in numb ...
... Anfangstangente der Flugbahn” — does not coincide, as would be expected, with the axis of the bore of the barrel, when produced, but is more or less inclined to it at a small angle; this is called the angle of error of departure ... The collection of photo-chronographic records, twenty-eight in numb ...
A Series of Ubiquitin Binding Factors Connects CDC48/p97 to
... Proteolysis is pivotal for cellular and developmental regulation. Due to its irreversible nature, proteolysis is ideally suited for regulating unidirectional pathways such as cell cycle progression or differentiation. In eukaryotes, selective proteolysis is largely mediated by the ubiquitin/ proteas ...
... Proteolysis is pivotal for cellular and developmental regulation. Due to its irreversible nature, proteolysis is ideally suited for regulating unidirectional pathways such as cell cycle progression or differentiation. In eukaryotes, selective proteolysis is largely mediated by the ubiquitin/ proteas ...
Chapter 16
... target genes. Smad TF activity ultimately is shut down via the action of transcription repressors, whose activity is induced by TGFß via a feedback loop. These repressors bind to the Smad TFs, and recruit a histone deacetylase to the activated promoter, which then causes chromatin condensation and g ...
... target genes. Smad TF activity ultimately is shut down via the action of transcription repressors, whose activity is induced by TGFß via a feedback loop. These repressors bind to the Smad TFs, and recruit a histone deacetylase to the activated promoter, which then causes chromatin condensation and g ...
Notes on AB Structure II
... Heavy Chain: μ (longer than IgG; contains CH4 domain) Function: serum primary response (evidence of recent infection); efficient agglutinator IgD STRUCTURE: Monomeric 8S Heavy Chain: δ (slightly larger H chain than IgG; consists of CH1, CH2 and CH3 domains as well as a partial domain) Loca ...
... Heavy Chain: μ (longer than IgG; contains CH4 domain) Function: serum primary response (evidence of recent infection); efficient agglutinator IgD STRUCTURE: Monomeric 8S Heavy Chain: δ (slightly larger H chain than IgG; consists of CH1, CH2 and CH3 domains as well as a partial domain) Loca ...
Betulinic Acid-induced Programmed Cell Death in
... induce programmed cell death with melanoma and certain neuroectodermal tumor cells. We demonstrate currently that treatment of cultured UISO-Mel-1 (human melanoma cells) with betulinic acid leads to the activation of p38 and stress activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [widely accepted ...
... induce programmed cell death with melanoma and certain neuroectodermal tumor cells. We demonstrate currently that treatment of cultured UISO-Mel-1 (human melanoma cells) with betulinic acid leads to the activation of p38 and stress activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [widely accepted ...
Regulation of the endothelial cell cycle by the ubiquitin
... from E2 to the target protein. Substrates can be modified with a single Ub or with Ub chains, but only poly-ubiquitination addresses proteins for degradation by the 26S-proteasome. In fact, monoubiquitination rather modulates growth factor endocytosis, PCNA activity during DNA-repair, and is involve ...
... from E2 to the target protein. Substrates can be modified with a single Ub or with Ub chains, but only poly-ubiquitination addresses proteins for degradation by the 26S-proteasome. In fact, monoubiquitination rather modulates growth factor endocytosis, PCNA activity during DNA-repair, and is involve ...
Glucocorticoid-Induced Plasma Membrane Depolarization during
... results in cellular depolarization (18), indicating that this dye is reliable for measurement of plasma membrane potential. After 6 h in culture, there is a population of cells with increased DiBAC4(3) fluorescence (19.5 ⫾ 1.8% vs. 9.1 ⫾ 1.7% in the fresh population; P ⬍ 0.05 vs. freshly isolated ce ...
... results in cellular depolarization (18), indicating that this dye is reliable for measurement of plasma membrane potential. After 6 h in culture, there is a population of cells with increased DiBAC4(3) fluorescence (19.5 ⫾ 1.8% vs. 9.1 ⫾ 1.7% in the fresh population; P ⬍ 0.05 vs. freshly isolated ce ...
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
... break down larger molecules into smaller to generate energy = catabolism generate energy in presence of O2 = aerobic respiration ...
... break down larger molecules into smaller to generate energy = catabolism generate energy in presence of O2 = aerobic respiration ...
Involvement of the Mismatch Repair System in Temozolomide
... sequence of events resulting in cell death. The cytotoxicity of MNU and MNNG has been attributed to the methylation of the O6-position of guanine in DNA. Cells with high levels of the DNA-repair enzyme OGAT, which specifically removes alkyl adducts from O6-G (Pegg, 1990), are more resistant to the c ...
... sequence of events resulting in cell death. The cytotoxicity of MNU and MNNG has been attributed to the methylation of the O6-position of guanine in DNA. Cells with high levels of the DNA-repair enzyme OGAT, which specifically removes alkyl adducts from O6-G (Pegg, 1990), are more resistant to the c ...
... collaborators. Busch named a mono-ubiquitinated form of histone H2A “protein A24”. In 1977, Goldknopf and Busch demonstrated that protein A24 consists of histone H2A and a non-histone protein joined by an isopeptide linkage; this odd molecule had two Nterminals but only one C-terminal! (Goldknopf an ...
Induction of apoptosis by the Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus
... TCID50. The results shown are mean±SEM from three independent experiments, each containing three replicates. (b) Very late gene expression under the spheroidin promoter. The cells were infected with a sph”/gfp+ recombinant virus (m.o.i. 10), and gfp fluorescence was measured over a period of 5 days. ...
... TCID50. The results shown are mean±SEM from three independent experiments, each containing three replicates. (b) Very late gene expression under the spheroidin promoter. The cells were infected with a sph”/gfp+ recombinant virus (m.o.i. 10), and gfp fluorescence was measured over a period of 5 days. ...
FYVE-dependent endosomal targeting of an arrestin-related
... interior and the extracellular environment. Appropriate physiological responses to external stimuli rely on receptors, transporters and other intrinsic protein equipment located at the membrane boundary. The activity of some of these protein families, of which the GPCRs have been described in most d ...
... interior and the extracellular environment. Appropriate physiological responses to external stimuli rely on receptors, transporters and other intrinsic protein equipment located at the membrane boundary. The activity of some of these protein families, of which the GPCRs have been described in most d ...
The Dock and Lock Method: A Novel
... Plains, New Jersey ; and 3 Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, NewJersey ...
... Plains, New Jersey ; and 3 Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, NewJersey ...
Presence and Absence of COX8 in Reptile Transcriptomes
... as ultimate product (Figure 1). The major proteins in the system are NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b, and cytochrome oxidase c, all of which assemble into multisubunit complexes. Unsurprisingly, mitochondria appear to be involved in several process related to aerobic perfor ...
... as ultimate product (Figure 1). The major proteins in the system are NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b, and cytochrome oxidase c, all of which assemble into multisubunit complexes. Unsurprisingly, mitochondria appear to be involved in several process related to aerobic perfor ...
Identification of a novel human ... through its interaction with the ...
... However, data supporting a positive role for mGrb10α in insulin-, IGF-1- and PDGF BBstimulated mitogenesis has recently been presented (15). It is also likely that the functional role of the Grb7 family extends beyond signal modulation. For example, inhibition of Grb7 expression suppresses the invas ...
... However, data supporting a positive role for mGrb10α in insulin-, IGF-1- and PDGF BBstimulated mitogenesis has recently been presented (15). It is also likely that the functional role of the Grb7 family extends beyond signal modulation. For example, inhibition of Grb7 expression suppresses the invas ...
Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 2001, p
... the specific binding of ubiquitin by mHDAC6. By using a ubiquitin pull-down approach, nine major ubiquitin-binding proteins were identified in mouse testis cytosolic extracts, and mHDAC6 was found to be one of them. All of these findings strongly suggest that mHDAC6 could be involved in the control ...
... the specific binding of ubiquitin by mHDAC6. By using a ubiquitin pull-down approach, nine major ubiquitin-binding proteins were identified in mouse testis cytosolic extracts, and mHDAC6 was found to be one of them. All of these findings strongly suggest that mHDAC6 could be involved in the control ...
Full Text - Cancer Research Frontiers
... adhesion molecule 1, NCAM1) aides in the histopathologic diagnosis of SCLC and suggests that the cell of origin resides in the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEB), a tight cluster of cells residing in the lung epithelia. Genetic signatures (8) also underscore the neuroendocrine nature of SCLC and ...
... adhesion molecule 1, NCAM1) aides in the histopathologic diagnosis of SCLC and suggests that the cell of origin resides in the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEB), a tight cluster of cells residing in the lung epithelia. Genetic signatures (8) also underscore the neuroendocrine nature of SCLC and ...
Discovery of a novel ligand that modulates the
... Fig. 1 Identification of small molecules targeting reptin using an in silico screening programme. (a) Structure of hit compound 1 was identified through a reptin–AGR2 peptide interaction assay of the top 30 hits from the in silico screen (see Fig. S1 and S2†) and Liddean, the most active analog obtain ...
... Fig. 1 Identification of small molecules targeting reptin using an in silico screening programme. (a) Structure of hit compound 1 was identified through a reptin–AGR2 peptide interaction assay of the top 30 hits from the in silico screen (see Fig. S1 and S2†) and Liddean, the most active analog obtain ...
Chapter 22 (Part 2)
... • Hydrolysis of GTP is required for disassociation of RFs, ribosome subunit and new peptide ...
... • Hydrolysis of GTP is required for disassociation of RFs, ribosome subunit and new peptide ...
Mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import
... Atm1p, an ATP-binding-cassette transporter) appear to follow the general Tim17-23 matrix pathway (discussed in the next section). As the N-terminus of the carrier protein becomes exposed to the IMS, it binds to a soluble 70 kDa complex consisting of Tim9 and Tim10 proteins. Such an interaction pulls ...
... Atm1p, an ATP-binding-cassette transporter) appear to follow the general Tim17-23 matrix pathway (discussed in the next section). As the N-terminus of the carrier protein becomes exposed to the IMS, it binds to a soluble 70 kDa complex consisting of Tim9 and Tim10 proteins. Such an interaction pulls ...
G-protein linked receptor
... Other Ca2+-dependent responses are regulated by “Calmodulin” (CaM) and “CaM kinases” Ca2+ ...
... Other Ca2+-dependent responses are regulated by “Calmodulin” (CaM) and “CaM kinases” Ca2+ ...
Biochemical Origins of Alzheimer`s Disease With Treatment
... was found to decrease plasma levels of A however; it was unable to lower cerebrospinal fluid levels19. While this drug was found to be partially effective and well tolerated, LY-450139 lacked the desired specificity for the cleavage of APP and dosages had to be kept low because of the detrimental ...
... was found to decrease plasma levels of A however; it was unable to lower cerebrospinal fluid levels19. While this drug was found to be partially effective and well tolerated, LY-450139 lacked the desired specificity for the cleavage of APP and dosages had to be kept low because of the detrimental ...
Regulation of translation initiation following stress
... inhibits apoptosis in the virally-infected cells. Whether indeed the Gadd34-induced apoptotic eects are mediated via alterations in protein translation, remains to be elucidated. Regulation of eIF4 in response to stress The binding of cap structure at the 5'-end is facilitated by various subunits o ...
... inhibits apoptosis in the virally-infected cells. Whether indeed the Gadd34-induced apoptotic eects are mediated via alterations in protein translation, remains to be elucidated. Regulation of eIF4 in response to stress The binding of cap structure at the 5'-end is facilitated by various subunits o ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.