Molecular Chaperones in the Cytosol: from Nascent Chain to Folded
... Fig. 3. Structure and function of chaperones with the ability to bind nascent chains. (A) (Top) Structures of the ATPase domain (40) and the peptide-binding domain (38) of Hsp70 shown representatively for E. coli DnaK, generated with the program MOLSCRIPT (87). The ␣-helical latch of the peptide bin ...
... Fig. 3. Structure and function of chaperones with the ability to bind nascent chains. (A) (Top) Structures of the ATPase domain (40) and the peptide-binding domain (38) of Hsp70 shown representatively for E. coli DnaK, generated with the program MOLSCRIPT (87). The ␣-helical latch of the peptide bin ...
University of Birmingham Leptomycin B induces apoptosis in cells
... variation in this expression between the lines (Fig. 2b). Treatment with 2 nM LMB (38 h) caused a marked increase in act-casp-3 expression in all of the W12 derivatives (Fig. 2b). The most marked effect was seen in the E50 cells, with the remaining derivatives all showing lesser responses, particula ...
... variation in this expression between the lines (Fig. 2b). Treatment with 2 nM LMB (38 h) caused a marked increase in act-casp-3 expression in all of the W12 derivatives (Fig. 2b). The most marked effect was seen in the E50 cells, with the remaining derivatives all showing lesser responses, particula ...
Macrophages but Not MyD88, in Bacteria
... of TLR3 and TLR4. In addition to NF-B induction, TRIF signaling facilitates activation of the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) transcription factor via IKK⑀ and TRAF family member-associated NF-B activator-binding kinase 1, followed by the expression of IFN- genes (22–31). Numerous reports have sh ...
... of TLR3 and TLR4. In addition to NF-B induction, TRIF signaling facilitates activation of the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) transcription factor via IKK⑀ and TRAF family member-associated NF-B activator-binding kinase 1, followed by the expression of IFN- genes (22–31). Numerous reports have sh ...
CDPKs – a kinase for every Ca signal?
... (Caenorhabditis elegans). Thus, it is tempting to speculate that CDPKs might be present in plants and protozoans only. CCaMKs are rarer than CDPKs, and might be expressed in a few plant tissues only5. Like CDPKs, they contain a calcium-binding domain6 (Fig. 1), but this domain contains only three EF ...
... (Caenorhabditis elegans). Thus, it is tempting to speculate that CDPKs might be present in plants and protozoans only. CCaMKs are rarer than CDPKs, and might be expressed in a few plant tissues only5. Like CDPKs, they contain a calcium-binding domain6 (Fig. 1), but this domain contains only three EF ...
Ferrara et al, Nat Med 2003 - Kashyap Memorial Eye Hospital
... Destabilization of vitreous Abnormalities in collagen crosslinking MMP activity PPVP ...
... Destabilization of vitreous Abnormalities in collagen crosslinking MMP activity PPVP ...
Transport of proteins across mitochondrial membranes
... folding of proteins during transmembrane transfer are closely linked to the function of a host of proteins known as heat-shock proteins or molecular chaperones, present both outside and inside the mitochondrion. In addition, the analysis of the process of folding of polypeptides in the mitochondrial ...
... folding of proteins during transmembrane transfer are closely linked to the function of a host of proteins known as heat-shock proteins or molecular chaperones, present both outside and inside the mitochondrion. In addition, the analysis of the process of folding of polypeptides in the mitochondrial ...
SNX9 – a prelude to vesicle release - Journal of Cell Science
... SNX9 was first described in 1999 as a Src homology 3 (SH3)domain and phox homology (PX)-domain protein that interacted with the metalloproteinases ADAM9 and ADAM15, and was proposed to regulate the turnover of these enzymes (Howard et al., 1999). The sorting nexins are a rather weakly related group ...
... SNX9 was first described in 1999 as a Src homology 3 (SH3)domain and phox homology (PX)-domain protein that interacted with the metalloproteinases ADAM9 and ADAM15, and was proposed to regulate the turnover of these enzymes (Howard et al., 1999). The sorting nexins are a rather weakly related group ...
A CBS domain-containing pyrophosphatase of Moorella
... biosynthetic reactions, such as protein, RNA and DNA synthesis, and its concentration affects the equilibria of these reactions [1]. In addition, PPi regulates many other cellular processes, including calcification, cell proliferation and iron transport [2]. Consequently, disruption of PPi metabolis ...
... biosynthetic reactions, such as protein, RNA and DNA synthesis, and its concentration affects the equilibria of these reactions [1]. In addition, PPi regulates many other cellular processes, including calcification, cell proliferation and iron transport [2]. Consequently, disruption of PPi metabolis ...
Targets of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors: Key for
... Tatosyan and O. A. Mizenina in this issue). Increase of cyclin D1 gene expression (probably mediated by proteins Jun, Ets1, Ets2 [21]) is the major consequence induced by MAP kinase-activated transcriptional factors. Mitogenic signals increase Myc expression that also results in an increase in the a ...
... Tatosyan and O. A. Mizenina in this issue). Increase of cyclin D1 gene expression (probably mediated by proteins Jun, Ets1, Ets2 [21]) is the major consequence induced by MAP kinase-activated transcriptional factors. Mitogenic signals increase Myc expression that also results in an increase in the a ...
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival
... transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to LPS stimulation [46]. Tpl2 is also responsible for LPS induced COX-2 expression through ERK1/2 dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) [51]. MEKK1 has been shown to directly phosphor ...
... transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to LPS stimulation [46]. Tpl2 is also responsible for LPS induced COX-2 expression through ERK1/2 dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) [51]. MEKK1 has been shown to directly phosphor ...
Histidine protein kinases: key signal transducers outside the animal
... HPKs also have phosphatase activity which dephosphorylates the response regulator and opposes kinase function [3,13] (for details see the Mechanism section); phosphatase activity is mediated by the dimerization domain in these HPKs. The catalytic domain of HPKs has clear sequence and structural homo ...
... HPKs also have phosphatase activity which dephosphorylates the response regulator and opposes kinase function [3,13] (for details see the Mechanism section); phosphatase activity is mediated by the dimerization domain in these HPKs. The catalytic domain of HPKs has clear sequence and structural homo ...
BCL-xL-Dependent Light Scattering by Apoptotic Cells
... Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a highly regulated form of cell death fundamental to normal tissue development and homeostasis. Apoptosis is characterized by a number of welldefined molecular events shown in many cases to converge on mitochondria (Desagher and Martinou, 2000; Gross et al., 1999 ...
... Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a highly regulated form of cell death fundamental to normal tissue development and homeostasis. Apoptosis is characterized by a number of welldefined molecular events shown in many cases to converge on mitochondria (Desagher and Martinou, 2000; Gross et al., 1999 ...
Alfy, a novel FYVE-domain-containing protein associated with
... to study the functions of various proteins that contain FYVE or PX domains, and several mammalian PtdIns(3)P effectors in endocytic membrane trafficking have already been identified (Simonsen et al., 1998; Raiborg et al., 2002; Nielsen et al., 2000; Ikonomov et al., 2003). Although three PtdIns(3)P ...
... to study the functions of various proteins that contain FYVE or PX domains, and several mammalian PtdIns(3)P effectors in endocytic membrane trafficking have already been identified (Simonsen et al., 1998; Raiborg et al., 2002; Nielsen et al., 2000; Ikonomov et al., 2003). Although three PtdIns(3)P ...
Mitochondrion and Chloroplast Regulation of Plant Programmed
... associated with the MM [35]. Under normal conditions, cyt c is a necessary component of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial respiration [24, 36]. However upon its release, cyt c forms a complex with procaspase-9, dATP and the apoptosis protease-activating factor (Apaf-1), which leads to t ...
... associated with the MM [35]. Under normal conditions, cyt c is a necessary component of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial respiration [24, 36]. However upon its release, cyt c forms a complex with procaspase-9, dATP and the apoptosis protease-activating factor (Apaf-1), which leads to t ...
Using a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor to possibly
... neurons are found. As time has gone on many scientists have been trying to find a cure for this disease since there is none. For a while, people who were diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease had a few options to find some relief from the crippling symptoms of PD. These forms of relief included medicat ...
... neurons are found. As time has gone on many scientists have been trying to find a cure for this disease since there is none. For a while, people who were diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease had a few options to find some relief from the crippling symptoms of PD. These forms of relief included medicat ...
Selective Binding of the Scavenger Receptor C
... these key residues are present.2 Thus, SRCL differs from DCSIGN, the macrophage mannose receptor, serum mannosebinding protein, and other C-type lectins known to have roles in pathogen recognition, all of which fall into the second subgroup. Semiquantitative binding studies using cells expressing SR ...
... these key residues are present.2 Thus, SRCL differs from DCSIGN, the macrophage mannose receptor, serum mannosebinding protein, and other C-type lectins known to have roles in pathogen recognition, all of which fall into the second subgroup. Semiquantitative binding studies using cells expressing SR ...
Reconstitution of Outer Membrane Protein Assembly from Purified
... diluted into solutions containing the proteoliposomes, the fluorogenic peptide, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is required for OmpT activity (17). OmpT assembly was observed as an increase in the rate of fluorescence production. OmpT activity increased with the concentration of SurA and in the ...
... diluted into solutions containing the proteoliposomes, the fluorogenic peptide, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is required for OmpT activity (17). OmpT assembly was observed as an increase in the rate of fluorescence production. OmpT activity increased with the concentration of SurA and in the ...
CD95 ligation and intracellular membrane flow
... cross-talk between endosomal and mitochondrial compartments was accompanied by a loss of the MMP and apoptosis execution. This cell remodelling was sensitive to monensin and was absent not only after induction of receptor-independent cell death with staurosporine, but also in cells selected for mult ...
... cross-talk between endosomal and mitochondrial compartments was accompanied by a loss of the MMP and apoptosis execution. This cell remodelling was sensitive to monensin and was absent not only after induction of receptor-independent cell death with staurosporine, but also in cells selected for mult ...
Apoptosis induced by prolonged exposure to odorants in cultured
... neurons. Thus, our in vitro data provide good evidence that olfactory EC can be induced to undergo apoptosis by prolonged and continuous odorant exposure. Given the fact that LY83583 can decrease the odorant-, but not the campotheticin-induced apoptosis, our results can only be explained if an impor ...
... neurons. Thus, our in vitro data provide good evidence that olfactory EC can be induced to undergo apoptosis by prolonged and continuous odorant exposure. Given the fact that LY83583 can decrease the odorant-, but not the campotheticin-induced apoptosis, our results can only be explained if an impor ...
Hungry for Power: Elimination of Mitochondria by Mitophagy
... mechanism. PINK1 then communicates this stress by binding PARKIN, a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase, which subsequently ubiquitinates target proteins, bringing about mitophagy (13). The targets of ubiquitination are not clearly understood, but it is likely that they promote the fission of stressed organe ...
... mechanism. PINK1 then communicates this stress by binding PARKIN, a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase, which subsequently ubiquitinates target proteins, bringing about mitophagy (13). The targets of ubiquitination are not clearly understood, but it is likely that they promote the fission of stressed organe ...
Reference
... We have established the core laboratory facilities at NCKU, in the past three years, which are essential for the success of the project. Deployment of larger instruments such as mass spectrometers, confocal microscope, fluorescence and chemiluminescence analyzers, together with biochips allow the r ...
... We have established the core laboratory facilities at NCKU, in the past three years, which are essential for the success of the project. Deployment of larger instruments such as mass spectrometers, confocal microscope, fluorescence and chemiluminescence analyzers, together with biochips allow the r ...
Definition of a p53 transactivation function-deficient mutant
... intermediate between the inactive tumor-derived mutant, D281G, and p53 wild-type (p53 WT). This assay enables growth suppression in its most general sense to be measured as it scores for either p53dependent growth arrest and/or apoptosis in tumor cells that receive the p53 protein. In the case of M2 ...
... intermediate between the inactive tumor-derived mutant, D281G, and p53 wild-type (p53 WT). This assay enables growth suppression in its most general sense to be measured as it scores for either p53dependent growth arrest and/or apoptosis in tumor cells that receive the p53 protein. In the case of M2 ...
Somatic cancer mutations in the MLL1 histone methyltransferase
... interaction of the RA heterodimer with MLL1, it has been found that MLL1 requires all the three complex partners (WDR5, ASH2L, RBBP5) to exhibit the maximal methyl transferase activity (Cao et al., 2010; Li et al., 2016; Southall et al., 2009). This is in contrast to the MLL1 homologs MLL2, MLL3, an ...
... interaction of the RA heterodimer with MLL1, it has been found that MLL1 requires all the three complex partners (WDR5, ASH2L, RBBP5) to exhibit the maximal methyl transferase activity (Cao et al., 2010; Li et al., 2016; Southall et al., 2009). This is in contrast to the MLL1 homologs MLL2, MLL3, an ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.