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Basics of Molecular Cloning
... The bacteria host cells replicated the plasmid, producing many copies of the gene, thus amplifying it. The practical application was that expensive human protein products, like insulin, which were used to treat disease, could eventually be produced from recombinant molecules in the laboratory using ...
... The bacteria host cells replicated the plasmid, producing many copies of the gene, thus amplifying it. The practical application was that expensive human protein products, like insulin, which were used to treat disease, could eventually be produced from recombinant molecules in the laboratory using ...
Genetic Engineering
... Leaves single stranded “sticky” ends that can become incorporated into other DNA sequences with ...
... Leaves single stranded “sticky” ends that can become incorporated into other DNA sequences with ...
Chapter 13 An Introduction to Cloning and Recombinant DNA
... Credit: © Michael Gabridge/Visuals Unlimited UV illumination of stained DNA fragments separated in an agarose gel by electrophoresis. ...
... Credit: © Michael Gabridge/Visuals Unlimited UV illumination of stained DNA fragments separated in an agarose gel by electrophoresis. ...
Chapter 13 An Introduction to Cloning and Recombinant DNA
... Credit: © Michael Gabridge/Visuals Unlimited UV illumination of stained DNA fragments separated in an agarose gel by electrophoresis. ...
... Credit: © Michael Gabridge/Visuals Unlimited UV illumination of stained DNA fragments separated in an agarose gel by electrophoresis. ...
Microbial Overview: Physiology and Evolution
... versus splash map – Mostly single chromosome – Size: 1-5 Mbp – Many complete sequences (TIGR)! ...
... versus splash map – Mostly single chromosome – Size: 1-5 Mbp – Many complete sequences (TIGR)! ...
Biotechnology II PPT
... 2. Then you will denature the DNA using heat to expose the bases. 3. The radioactive probe will join with the complimentary bases on the gene of interest. 4. Use a special film that will show the radioactive colonies and separate these from the others. ...
... 2. Then you will denature the DNA using heat to expose the bases. 3. The radioactive probe will join with the complimentary bases on the gene of interest. 4. Use a special film that will show the radioactive colonies and separate these from the others. ...
Recombinant DNA
... • The first thing we must do is extract the desired gene (that we wish to insert into something else) from the source organism. • We can isolate the DNA from the source and use a restriction enzyme such as EcoR I to cut out the gene. We must make sure there are cut sites close to the ends of the gen ...
... • The first thing we must do is extract the desired gene (that we wish to insert into something else) from the source organism. • We can isolate the DNA from the source and use a restriction enzyme such as EcoR I to cut out the gene. We must make sure there are cut sites close to the ends of the gen ...
TRANSFORMATION
... Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium in the human gut. It has been extensively studied in the laboratory and is an important research organism for molecular biology. E. coli reproduce very rapidly; a single microscopic cell can divide to form a visible colony with millions of cells overnigh ...
... Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium in the human gut. It has been extensively studied in the laboratory and is an important research organism for molecular biology. E. coli reproduce very rapidly; a single microscopic cell can divide to form a visible colony with millions of cells overnigh ...
No Slide Title
... It has only restriction site activity Its cut is predictable and consistent manner at a site within or adjacent to restriction site It require only magnesium ion as cofactor Have both restriction and modification activity Cut at sites closed to recognition site ...
... It has only restriction site activity Its cut is predictable and consistent manner at a site within or adjacent to restriction site It require only magnesium ion as cofactor Have both restriction and modification activity Cut at sites closed to recognition site ...
Plasmids
... plasmids also contain the ori of the S. cerevisiae 2 µm plasmid described above. In this class, we will propagate the shuttle vectors in bacteria, because bacteria grow more rapidly than yeast and because the yield of plasmid from bacteria is higher than the yield from yeast. We will harvest the pla ...
... plasmids also contain the ori of the S. cerevisiae 2 µm plasmid described above. In this class, we will propagate the shuttle vectors in bacteria, because bacteria grow more rapidly than yeast and because the yield of plasmid from bacteria is higher than the yield from yeast. We will harvest the pla ...
Bacterial Genetics
... • The new genetic information acquired allows the bacteria to adapt to changing environmental conditions through natural selection. Drug resistance (R plasmids) Pathogenicity (bacterial virulence) • Transposons greatly expand the opportunity for gene movement. ...
... • The new genetic information acquired allows the bacteria to adapt to changing environmental conditions through natural selection. Drug resistance (R plasmids) Pathogenicity (bacterial virulence) • Transposons greatly expand the opportunity for gene movement. ...
AP Biology - gwbiology
... 2. What are the two broad areas of use and two examples after a host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells containing the “cloned gene of interest.” ...
... 2. What are the two broad areas of use and two examples after a host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells containing the “cloned gene of interest.” ...
Plasmid replication and control
... Plasmids are nonessential extrachromosomal elements that control their own replication. They are found mainly in bacteria and in some eukaryotic microbes such as yeast and algae. Plasmids are normally circular double stranded DNA molecules that range in size from as little as 1 kb to over 100 kb alt ...
... Plasmids are nonessential extrachromosomal elements that control their own replication. They are found mainly in bacteria and in some eukaryotic microbes such as yeast and algae. Plasmids are normally circular double stranded DNA molecules that range in size from as little as 1 kb to over 100 kb alt ...
lecture 03b
... Because of “base pairing”, if you know the sequence of one strand, you automatically know the sequence of the other. Long thin molecule: if as thick as spaghetti, a bacterial DNA molecule would stretch from here to Bono ...
... Because of “base pairing”, if you know the sequence of one strand, you automatically know the sequence of the other. Long thin molecule: if as thick as spaghetti, a bacterial DNA molecule would stretch from here to Bono ...
7echap20guidedreading
... 2. What are the two broad areas of use and two examples after a host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells containing the “cloned gene of interest.” ...
... 2. What are the two broad areas of use and two examples after a host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells containing the “cloned gene of interest.” ...
Bacterial Transformation - Eastern Regional High School
... Changing the genes and phenotype of a bacteria by uptake of foreign/new DNA ...
... Changing the genes and phenotype of a bacteria by uptake of foreign/new DNA ...
The Maintenance and Propagation of Plasmid Genes in Bacterial
... control (Kolter & Helinski, 1979). Whether natural plasmids have a high (>5 copies per chromosome) or low copy number, it now appears that this copy number is under tight control. However, efficient replication control is not sufficient to ensure plasmid stability. Plasmids (like the chromosome) nee ...
... control (Kolter & Helinski, 1979). Whether natural plasmids have a high (>5 copies per chromosome) or low copy number, it now appears that this copy number is under tight control. However, efficient replication control is not sufficient to ensure plasmid stability. Plasmids (like the chromosome) nee ...
DNA Recombination
... original chromosome and implanted into the one in the recipient cell. This is accomplished by using special chemicals called restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognize a specific sequence of nucleotides and cutting the DNA at this specific location leaving "sticky ends." If the cell receiving the ...
... original chromosome and implanted into the one in the recipient cell. This is accomplished by using special chemicals called restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognize a specific sequence of nucleotides and cutting the DNA at this specific location leaving "sticky ends." If the cell receiving the ...
The Maintenance and Propagation of Plasmid Genes in Bacterial
... control (Kolter & Helinski, 1979). Whether natural plasmids have a high (>5 copies per chromosome) or low copy number, it now appears that this copy number is under tight control. However, efficient replication control is not sufficient to ensure plasmid stability. Plasmids (like the chromosome) nee ...
... control (Kolter & Helinski, 1979). Whether natural plasmids have a high (>5 copies per chromosome) or low copy number, it now appears that this copy number is under tight control. However, efficient replication control is not sufficient to ensure plasmid stability. Plasmids (like the chromosome) nee ...
finding the gene to go into the plasmid
... Human Genome library are there only genes in there? nope! a lot of junk! human genomic library has more “junk” than genes in it ...
... Human Genome library are there only genes in there? nope! a lot of junk! human genomic library has more “junk” than genes in it ...
12 Fungal Genetics Newsletter Robert Phillip Smith and Myron L. Smith
... blocks containing hygB- and clonNAT-resistant hyphae were grown for two days on nonselective medium and then transferred to medium containing both clonNAT and hygB at the concentrations given above. Heterokaryon outgrowths of both species were evident within ~2 days and subsequently grew at near wil ...
... blocks containing hygB- and clonNAT-resistant hyphae were grown for two days on nonselective medium and then transferred to medium containing both clonNAT and hygB at the concentrations given above. Heterokaryon outgrowths of both species were evident within ~2 days and subsequently grew at near wil ...
Plasmid
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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.