Microbial Physiology
... The doubling time is measured during this period. The bacteria are most susceptible to antibiotics during this time. Bacteria stop growing due to decrease of nutrients and O2 supply, and accumulation of toxic metabolites. Bacteria synthesize macromolecules required for multiplication. The length of ...
... The doubling time is measured during this period. The bacteria are most susceptible to antibiotics during this time. Bacteria stop growing due to decrease of nutrients and O2 supply, and accumulation of toxic metabolites. Bacteria synthesize macromolecules required for multiplication. The length of ...
221_exam_2_2002
... ____ UV light is lethal to bacterial cells due to formation of A. pyrimidine dimers which, when they are removed, can result in double stranded breaks in the DNA. B. apurinic sites which are easily broken. C. double stranded breaks resulting from direct cleavage by the UV radiation. D. creation of m ...
... ____ UV light is lethal to bacterial cells due to formation of A. pyrimidine dimers which, when they are removed, can result in double stranded breaks in the DNA. B. apurinic sites which are easily broken. C. double stranded breaks resulting from direct cleavage by the UV radiation. D. creation of m ...
Document
... DNA fragment. A radioactive probe can be used to identify colonies that carry a plasmid that has an insert that is complementary to the probe. The single-stranded probe base pairs to any plasmid DNA that has complementary sequence. The fact that it is radioactive makes it easy to ...
... DNA fragment. A radioactive probe can be used to identify colonies that carry a plasmid that has an insert that is complementary to the probe. The single-stranded probe base pairs to any plasmid DNA that has complementary sequence. The fact that it is radioactive makes it easy to ...
Chapter 14 Transposons, Plasmids, and Bacteriophage
... Plasmid-Borne Genes ⁄ Fertility or ‘F’ plasmids – tra genes, able to promote conjugal transfer ⁄ Resistance or ‘R’ plasmids – resistance to antibiotics or heavy metals ⁄ Col plasmids – Colicins - proteins that kill other bacteria ⁄ Degradative plasmids – metabolize unusual molecules such as toluene ...
... Plasmid-Borne Genes ⁄ Fertility or ‘F’ plasmids – tra genes, able to promote conjugal transfer ⁄ Resistance or ‘R’ plasmids – resistance to antibiotics or heavy metals ⁄ Col plasmids – Colicins - proteins that kill other bacteria ⁄ Degradative plasmids – metabolize unusual molecules such as toluene ...
Transduction
... • Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules – Plasmids are found in the cytoplasm of many bacteria – Plasmids are not essential for survival of the cell – They may exist singly or in many copies – Plasmids have a variety of functions • Examples: metabolic, resistance, cryptic • Fertility plasmids, ...
... • Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules – Plasmids are found in the cytoplasm of many bacteria – Plasmids are not essential for survival of the cell – They may exist singly or in many copies – Plasmids have a variety of functions • Examples: metabolic, resistance, cryptic • Fertility plasmids, ...
Ch 27 bacteria intro..
... 11. Binding by thr trp corepressor (tryptophan) activates the trp repressor, shutting off transcrption of the trp operon; binding by the lac inducer (allolactose) inactivates the lac repressor, leading to transcription o f the lac operon. ...
... 11. Binding by thr trp corepressor (tryptophan) activates the trp repressor, shutting off transcrption of the trp operon; binding by the lac inducer (allolactose) inactivates the lac repressor, leading to transcription o f the lac operon. ...
No Slide Title
... The restriction enzyme Eco.R1 found in strain C, E. coli bacteria They don’t make straight cuts, but produce sticky ends These sticky ends can rejoin by forming hydrogen bonds and the sugar-phosphates rejoining with the help of the enzyme ligase The DNA produced by restriction enzymes cutting is cal ...
... The restriction enzyme Eco.R1 found in strain C, E. coli bacteria They don’t make straight cuts, but produce sticky ends These sticky ends can rejoin by forming hydrogen bonds and the sugar-phosphates rejoining with the help of the enzyme ligase The DNA produced by restriction enzymes cutting is cal ...
Document
... • Expression system: cells that receive the rDNA and can use it to produce the product of interest. • Insertion of a vector into the target cell is usually called transformation for bacterial cells, transfection for eukaryotic cells, although insertion of a viral vector is often called transduction ...
... • Expression system: cells that receive the rDNA and can use it to produce the product of interest. • Insertion of a vector into the target cell is usually called transformation for bacterial cells, transfection for eukaryotic cells, although insertion of a viral vector is often called transduction ...
File
... 3) creates a) allows DNA from sources to be joined b) nicks are linked by forming a c. creates recombinant molecules B. Host/Vector 1. produces a large amount of in cells a. vector carries the 2. Most common a. plasmids – small chromosomes 1) clones pieces of DNA a) replicated in b) selectable marke ...
... 3) creates a) allows DNA from sources to be joined b) nicks are linked by forming a c. creates recombinant molecules B. Host/Vector 1. produces a large amount of in cells a. vector carries the 2. Most common a. plasmids – small chromosomes 1) clones pieces of DNA a) replicated in b) selectable marke ...
Teacher Resource 8: Genetic engineering
... Each group then uses various art/craft resources such as Plasticine, wool, pipe-cleaners, straws, card etc. to model the process. Digital cameras/video recorders can be used to take snapshots of each stage of the process. Learners can either use one image for each statement to make a storyboard/cart ...
... Each group then uses various art/craft resources such as Plasticine, wool, pipe-cleaners, straws, card etc. to model the process. Digital cameras/video recorders can be used to take snapshots of each stage of the process. Learners can either use one image for each statement to make a storyboard/cart ...
No Slide Title
... vector sequences will replicate (ori needed). Only E. coli with a vector sequences can grow on the antibiotic. But, both recombinant and nonrecombinant plasmids will allow E. coli to grow. ...
... vector sequences will replicate (ori needed). Only E. coli with a vector sequences can grow on the antibiotic. But, both recombinant and nonrecombinant plasmids will allow E. coli to grow. ...
Vectors for Even Larger Genomic DNA Inserts
... Bacteriophages such as lambda have been modified to make useful cloning vectors (Figures 10.38, 10.39). Larger amounts (longer) of foreign DNA can be cloned with lambda than with many other plasmids. In addition, the recombinant DNA can be packaged in vitro for efficient transfer to a host cell. Pla ...
... Bacteriophages such as lambda have been modified to make useful cloning vectors (Figures 10.38, 10.39). Larger amounts (longer) of foreign DNA can be cloned with lambda than with many other plasmids. In addition, the recombinant DNA can be packaged in vitro for efficient transfer to a host cell. Pla ...
No Slide Title
... This DNA can then be packaged by the P1 phage protein coat. The use of T4 in vitro packaging systems can enable the recovery of 122 kb inserts ...
... This DNA can then be packaged by the P1 phage protein coat. The use of T4 in vitro packaging systems can enable the recovery of 122 kb inserts ...
Types of plasmid One way of grouping plasmids is by their ability to
... Degrative plasmids, which enable the digestion of unusual substances, e.g., toluene or salicylic acid. ...
... Degrative plasmids, which enable the digestion of unusual substances, e.g., toluene or salicylic acid. ...
Recitation Section 17 Answer Key Recombinant DNA and Cloning
... Under special conditions, plasmid DNA can enter E. coli cells. The plasmid DNA functions as normal DNA, i.e., genes on the plasmid can be transcribed and translated. E. coli cells that have incorporated a plasmid are said to be transformed. 2. Where have we encountered a transformation before? In t ...
... Under special conditions, plasmid DNA can enter E. coli cells. The plasmid DNA functions as normal DNA, i.e., genes on the plasmid can be transcribed and translated. E. coli cells that have incorporated a plasmid are said to be transformed. 2. Where have we encountered a transformation before? In t ...
GTRC Declaration
... (b) must not code for a toxin with an LD50 of less than 100 g/kg; and (c) must not code for a toxin with an LD50 of 100 g/kg or more, if the intention is to express the toxin at high levels; and (d) must not be uncharacterised nucleic acid from a toxin-producing organism; and (e) must not include ...
... (b) must not code for a toxin with an LD50 of less than 100 g/kg; and (c) must not code for a toxin with an LD50 of 100 g/kg or more, if the intention is to express the toxin at high levels; and (d) must not be uncharacterised nucleic acid from a toxin-producing organism; and (e) must not include ...
Drosophila Melanogaster
... (2) Digest a restricton enzyme, e.g. EcoRI (3) Ligate the digested DNA ...
... (2) Digest a restricton enzyme, e.g. EcoRI (3) Ligate the digested DNA ...
AP Biology
... 8. What is a complementary, short, single stranded nucleic acid that can be either DNA or RNA called? 9. Why do scientists use a radioactive isotope tag for the probes? 10. How is DNA denaturation different than protein denaturation? ...
... 8. What is a complementary, short, single stranded nucleic acid that can be either DNA or RNA called? 9. Why do scientists use a radioactive isotope tag for the probes? 10. How is DNA denaturation different than protein denaturation? ...
Multi-copy suppressor screen
... allows the plasmid to segregate during mitosis. Thus this plasmid is in essence a miniature chromosome, once it enters the yeast nucleus. These centromeric plasmids are present as a single copy in the cell. DNA that has no ARS will not be maintained in the yeast cell because it cannot be duplicated ...
... allows the plasmid to segregate during mitosis. Thus this plasmid is in essence a miniature chromosome, once it enters the yeast nucleus. These centromeric plasmids are present as a single copy in the cell. DNA that has no ARS will not be maintained in the yeast cell because it cannot be duplicated ...
5echap12guidedreading
... 10. Why is a cDNA gene made using reverse transcriptase often shorter than the natural form of the gene? 11. Why can’t glycoproteins be mass produced by engineered bacteria or yeast cells? ...
... 10. Why is a cDNA gene made using reverse transcriptase often shorter than the natural form of the gene? 11. Why can’t glycoproteins be mass produced by engineered bacteria or yeast cells? ...
File
... Plant transformation with the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens • Tumor formation is the result of the transfer, integration and expression of genes on a specific segment of A. tumefaciens plasmid DNA called the TDNA (transferred DNA) • The T-DNA resides on a large plasmid called the Ti (tumo ...
... Plant transformation with the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens • Tumor formation is the result of the transfer, integration and expression of genes on a specific segment of A. tumefaciens plasmid DNA called the TDNA (transferred DNA) • The T-DNA resides on a large plasmid called the Ti (tumo ...
Plasmid
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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.