![Non-specific Immune Response](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008377268_1-584d469e512bc31dd1c4445be0279db1-300x300.png)
Non-specific Immune Response
... immune system and stimulates the immune response. (anti –antibody, gen-generator) – Usually proteins or glycoproteins on the cell plasma membrane or cell wall of invading pathogen. ...
... immune system and stimulates the immune response. (anti –antibody, gen-generator) – Usually proteins or glycoproteins on the cell plasma membrane or cell wall of invading pathogen. ...
(non-specific) immune system
... • The immune system = a system of non-specific and specific mechanisms protecting the organism from damage caused by infectious factors of environment and providing surveillance of own structures (elimination of damaged and death cells) ...
... • The immune system = a system of non-specific and specific mechanisms protecting the organism from damage caused by infectious factors of environment and providing surveillance of own structures (elimination of damaged and death cells) ...
Blood Cell Development
... Keeps iron in the ferrous rather than the ferric state (preventing methemoglobin form which can not carry oxygen) ...
... Keeps iron in the ferrous rather than the ferric state (preventing methemoglobin form which can not carry oxygen) ...
... for replication. One countermeasure against intracellular parasitism is the elimination of infected macrophages by apoptosis, which may be triggered by autocrine/ paracrine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) death signaling. Caspase-dependent apoptosis not only eliminates the intracellular niche but ...
IMMUNITY MEDIATED BY B LYMPHOCYTES AND ANTIBODIES
... THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM * First line of defense against pathogens * Components ...
... THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM * First line of defense against pathogens * Components ...
3.051J/20.340J Lecture 8: Cell-Surface Interactions: Host
... H2O2, O2−• (superoxide radical), OH•, enzymes ⇒ attack/engulf/degrade invading microbes Released products from neutrophils, activated platelets and endothelial cells, along with fibrin, form the provisional matrix - scaffold for cell attachment - sustained release of signaling molecules ...
... H2O2, O2−• (superoxide radical), OH•, enzymes ⇒ attack/engulf/degrade invading microbes Released products from neutrophils, activated platelets and endothelial cells, along with fibrin, form the provisional matrix - scaffold for cell attachment - sustained release of signaling molecules ...
Chapter 16
... • Certain chemicals attract neutrophils to the site of injury – Chemicals produced by invading microbes, kinins, leukotrienes, chemokines, and component of complement system – Chemokines: cytokines that are chemotactic for phagocytic and T cells; stimulate inflammatory response and an immune respons ...
... • Certain chemicals attract neutrophils to the site of injury – Chemicals produced by invading microbes, kinins, leukotrienes, chemokines, and component of complement system – Chemokines: cytokines that are chemotactic for phagocytic and T cells; stimulate inflammatory response and an immune respons ...
the immune system phagocytosis antibody function
... release powerful granules that have chemicals inside that attack an intruder *Basophil produce histamine (high during allergic reactions) *Eosinophil (high in parasitic invasion) *Neutrophil (aid in phagocytosis, high during bacterial infection) 2. Monocytes (7 %) ...
... release powerful granules that have chemicals inside that attack an intruder *Basophil produce histamine (high during allergic reactions) *Eosinophil (high in parasitic invasion) *Neutrophil (aid in phagocytosis, high during bacterial infection) 2. Monocytes (7 %) ...
acquired immunity
... • Relies on contact of the foreign invader with the subsequent presentation of an antigen having the same major histocompatability complex (MHC I or II) to T-helper cells (REM?) • Once T-helper cells are stimulated, the produce cytokines that result in stimulation of effector cells (cytotoxic lympho ...
... • Relies on contact of the foreign invader with the subsequent presentation of an antigen having the same major histocompatability complex (MHC I or II) to T-helper cells (REM?) • Once T-helper cells are stimulated, the produce cytokines that result in stimulation of effector cells (cytotoxic lympho ...
Major Players in the Immune System
... Dry flexible covering over your whole body that keeps out pathogens White blood cells that attack and destroy pathogens entering the body Identifying “tags” on the surface of invading pathogens Eats/destroys pathogens and saves identifying antigens to alert other white blood cells to start the immun ...
... Dry flexible covering over your whole body that keeps out pathogens White blood cells that attack and destroy pathogens entering the body Identifying “tags” on the surface of invading pathogens Eats/destroys pathogens and saves identifying antigens to alert other white blood cells to start the immun ...
MCB150 Beatty 1 MCB 150 Problem Set Inflammation
... This is usually persistent antigen activating antigen specific Th1 cells and making cytokines that activate macrophages at the site of the antigen. Q4. Why do high endothelial venules (HEV) express a different set of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) than endothelial cells that are attracting cells to ...
... This is usually persistent antigen activating antigen specific Th1 cells and making cytokines that activate macrophages at the site of the antigen. Q4. Why do high endothelial venules (HEV) express a different set of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) than endothelial cells that are attracting cells to ...
LU Jinhua
... Zhang H, Tay PN, Cao W, Li W and Lu J. (2002) Integrin-nucleated toll-like receptor (TLR) dimerization reveals subcellular targeting of TLRs and distinct mechanisms of TLR4 activation and signaling. FEBS Lett. 532, 171-176 Cao W, Bobryshev YV, Lord RSA, Oakley REI, Lee SH and Lu J. (2003) Dendritic ...
... Zhang H, Tay PN, Cao W, Li W and Lu J. (2002) Integrin-nucleated toll-like receptor (TLR) dimerization reveals subcellular targeting of TLRs and distinct mechanisms of TLR4 activation and signaling. FEBS Lett. 532, 171-176 Cao W, Bobryshev YV, Lord RSA, Oakley REI, Lee SH and Lu J. (2003) Dendritic ...
InfectiousDisease
... Macrophages identifies a pathogen via the antigen Macrophage partially digests pathogen, but displays part of it on its cell membrane (“antigen presentation”) so that circulating leukocytes can recognize and become activated A specific antigen type is identified by leukocytes called helper–T cells ( ...
... Macrophages identifies a pathogen via the antigen Macrophage partially digests pathogen, but displays part of it on its cell membrane (“antigen presentation”) so that circulating leukocytes can recognize and become activated A specific antigen type is identified by leukocytes called helper–T cells ( ...
Chapter 2: The Immune System
... swelling and increased blood flow to the area. If there was not this local painful reaction, the infection would not be sealed off and attacked, but could spread throughout the body, with serious results. Similarly, the fever and malaise that are features of the common cold are not caused by the vir ...
... swelling and increased blood flow to the area. If there was not this local painful reaction, the infection would not be sealed off and attacked, but could spread throughout the body, with serious results. Similarly, the fever and malaise that are features of the common cold are not caused by the vir ...
Nonspecific host defence factors.med.10 ppt
... (AVPs) that prevent viral replication. Interferons are host-cell–specific but not virus-specific. Gamma-interferon activates neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria. ...
... (AVPs) that prevent viral replication. Interferons are host-cell–specific but not virus-specific. Gamma-interferon activates neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria. ...
Innate defense
... • IgA antibodies provide defense against pathogens that contact the body surface or are ingested or ...
... • IgA antibodies provide defense against pathogens that contact the body surface or are ingested or ...
M. tuberculosis
... (2) Activation of T-cells by peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules; mycobacterial lipids presented to γδ T cells → adaptive immune response ...
... (2) Activation of T-cells by peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules; mycobacterial lipids presented to γδ T cells → adaptive immune response ...
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBCs) Leukocytes
... Agranulocyte. Mononuclear (single nucleus), Aganulocytes (cells having no granules) -Monocyte – is large cell having oval or kidney shape nucleus, No granules in cytoplasm. -Lymphocyte – has large spherical nucleus that occupies most of the cell , No granules in cytoplasm. ...
... Agranulocyte. Mononuclear (single nucleus), Aganulocytes (cells having no granules) -Monocyte – is large cell having oval or kidney shape nucleus, No granules in cytoplasm. -Lymphocyte – has large spherical nucleus that occupies most of the cell , No granules in cytoplasm. ...
immunityblank
... giant white blood cells which develop from monocytes and ingest large amounts of pathogens and damaged tissue. Due to the increased blood flow, the site of inflammation has certain symptoms such as redness, warmth, swelling, and pain (pinching of nerves). Pus forms which consists of live and dead pa ...
... giant white blood cells which develop from monocytes and ingest large amounts of pathogens and damaged tissue. Due to the increased blood flow, the site of inflammation has certain symptoms such as redness, warmth, swelling, and pain (pinching of nerves). Pus forms which consists of live and dead pa ...
Topic 6.4 Tuberculosis Powerpoint
... Or a granuloma forms, a mass of tissue composed of immune cells, to contain the infection and prevent spreading. Bacteria and immune cells in the centre of granuloma may die due to lack of oxygen, this is now called a tubercule or bacteria may remain in a dormant state contained ...
... Or a granuloma forms, a mass of tissue composed of immune cells, to contain the infection and prevent spreading. Bacteria and immune cells in the centre of granuloma may die due to lack of oxygen, this is now called a tubercule or bacteria may remain in a dormant state contained ...
Macrophage
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Macrophage.jpg?width=300)
Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from makros ""large"" + phagein ""eat""; abbr. MΦ) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to the surface of healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages were first discovered by Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian bacteriologist, in 1884. They are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They play a critical role in non-specific defense (innate immunity), and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections.Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune reactions through the release of cytokines. Macrophages that encourage inflammation are called M1 macrophages, whereas those that decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair are called M2 macrophages. This difference is reflected in their metabolism, M1 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""killer"" molecule nitric oxide, whereas M2 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""repair"" molecule ornithine.Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres (0.00083 in) in diameter and are produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. They can be identified using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical staining by their specific expression of proteins such as CD14, CD40, CD11b, CD64, F4/80 (mice)/EMR1 (human), lysozyme M, MAC-1/MAC-3 and CD68.