Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
... Induced by soluble (weak) antigens Transient dermal response Prominent in reactions to viral antigens, in contact reactions, skin allograft rejections, reactions to tumor cells and in some cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (allergic ...
... Induced by soluble (weak) antigens Transient dermal response Prominent in reactions to viral antigens, in contact reactions, skin allograft rejections, reactions to tumor cells and in some cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (allergic ...
cause
... Induced by soluble (weak) antigens Transient dermal response Prominent in reactions to viral antigens, in contact reactions, skin allograft rejections, reactions to tumor cells and in some cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (allergic ...
... Induced by soluble (weak) antigens Transient dermal response Prominent in reactions to viral antigens, in contact reactions, skin allograft rejections, reactions to tumor cells and in some cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (allergic ...
Immune System Information
... frequent death in fighting their enemies. The debris left behind by initial battles is often cleaned up by the macrophages. Macrophages can be thought of as “big eaters” or mobile garbage dumpsters. They clean up the mess that is left behind after neutrophils initial and immediate response to invasi ...
... frequent death in fighting their enemies. The debris left behind by initial battles is often cleaned up by the macrophages. Macrophages can be thought of as “big eaters” or mobile garbage dumpsters. They clean up the mess that is left behind after neutrophils initial and immediate response to invasi ...
Thymus and Spleen
... Lining of endothelial cells: apposed to one another, but remain separated Macrophages extend their processes into the lumen of the sinusoid (you can see the remains of RBCs in macrophages) ...
... Lining of endothelial cells: apposed to one another, but remain separated Macrophages extend their processes into the lumen of the sinusoid (you can see the remains of RBCs in macrophages) ...
Preventing and fighting disease
... Find analogies for each of these situations in the human system ...
... Find analogies for each of these situations in the human system ...
Principles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity - Abdel
... Table 8: Surface epithelia comprise a mechanical, chemical and microbiological barrier to infection. Cellular defenses Macrophages provide innate cellular immunity in tissues and initiate host defense responses. In addition to the Fc receptors, macrophages have on their surface several receptors for ...
... Table 8: Surface epithelia comprise a mechanical, chemical and microbiological barrier to infection. Cellular defenses Macrophages provide innate cellular immunity in tissues and initiate host defense responses. In addition to the Fc receptors, macrophages have on their surface several receptors for ...
16 Nonspecific Immune Response
... Microglia (CNS) Dendritic Cells (skin) Monocytes Dust Cells (lungs) Histocytes (c.t.) Osteoclasts (bone) ...
... Microglia (CNS) Dendritic Cells (skin) Monocytes Dust Cells (lungs) Histocytes (c.t.) Osteoclasts (bone) ...
IMMUNITY MEDIATED BY B LYMPHOCYTES AND ANTIBODIES
... > Food and Agriculture Organization of UN (FAO) and WHO > ‘live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host’ ...
... > Food and Agriculture Organization of UN (FAO) and WHO > ‘live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host’ ...
IN THIS ISSUE Fungus-fighting vaccine Recruiting interferon
... in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Fas receptor (Fas), best known for its apoptotic role in the immune system, is widely expressed in nonimmune tissues, including the central nervous system. In the brains of patients with PD, the expression of both Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) is reduced ...
... in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Fas receptor (Fas), best known for its apoptotic role in the immune system, is widely expressed in nonimmune tissues, including the central nervous system. In the brains of patients with PD, the expression of both Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) is reduced ...
the immune system phagocytosis antibody function
... Plasma cells produce antibodies that deactivate pathogen. Memory T and Memory B cells remain in the body to speed up the response if the same antigen reappears. Supressor T-Cells stop the immune response when all antigens have been destroyed. ...
... Plasma cells produce antibodies that deactivate pathogen. Memory T and Memory B cells remain in the body to speed up the response if the same antigen reappears. Supressor T-Cells stop the immune response when all antigens have been destroyed. ...
Spring 2015-Chapter 16
... blood. When these cells move from blood into tissues, they go through a series of cellular changes, maturing into macrophages. Macrophages are “big eater: that destroy not only microorganisms but also larger particles, such as debris left from neutrophils that have died after ingesting bacteria. Alt ...
... blood. When these cells move from blood into tissues, they go through a series of cellular changes, maturing into macrophages. Macrophages are “big eater: that destroy not only microorganisms but also larger particles, such as debris left from neutrophils that have died after ingesting bacteria. Alt ...
4th Lecture
... This is likely due to the factors present within the microenvironment in which the monocyte differentiates The liver macrophages, or Kupffer cells, are primarily responsible for particulate and microbial clearance from the blood. They express high levels of MHC class II, are actively phagocytic, ...
... This is likely due to the factors present within the microenvironment in which the monocyte differentiates The liver macrophages, or Kupffer cells, are primarily responsible for particulate and microbial clearance from the blood. They express high levels of MHC class II, are actively phagocytic, ...
Host Defenses I: Nonspecific Defenses
... Increased cellular metabolism e.g.: Increased transferrin production Increased T cell production Faster repair mechanisms ...
... Increased cellular metabolism e.g.: Increased transferrin production Increased T cell production Faster repair mechanisms ...
and apoE-/- mice - Science Mission
... Activated Th1 effector cells in lesions produce macrophage activating cytokine IFNg IFNg improves efficiency of ag presentation and augments synthesis of TNFa and IL-1 IFNg, TNFa and IL-1 in turn stimulate production of many other inflammatory mediators ...
... Activated Th1 effector cells in lesions produce macrophage activating cytokine IFNg IFNg improves efficiency of ag presentation and augments synthesis of TNFa and IL-1 IFNg, TNFa and IL-1 in turn stimulate production of many other inflammatory mediators ...
Document
... Integrin mediated cell-matrix attachment Activated in response to PDGF, FGF and TGF-beta Produce extracellular matrix Produce VEGF-stimulate angiogenesis The combination of ECM, fibroblasts and new blood vessels is often referred to as granulation tissue. Differentiation into Myofibroblast ...
... Integrin mediated cell-matrix attachment Activated in response to PDGF, FGF and TGF-beta Produce extracellular matrix Produce VEGF-stimulate angiogenesis The combination of ECM, fibroblasts and new blood vessels is often referred to as granulation tissue. Differentiation into Myofibroblast ...
Document
... Activated Th1 effector cells in lesions produce macrophage activating cytokine IFNg IFNg improves efficiency of ag presentation and augments synthesis of TNFa and IL-1 IFNg, TNFa and IL-1 in turn stimulate production of many other inflammatory mediators ...
... Activated Th1 effector cells in lesions produce macrophage activating cytokine IFNg IFNg improves efficiency of ag presentation and augments synthesis of TNFa and IL-1 IFNg, TNFa and IL-1 in turn stimulate production of many other inflammatory mediators ...
Lecture 3
... • May ‘take over’ from acute inflammation – if damage is too severe to be resolved within a few ...
... • May ‘take over’ from acute inflammation – if damage is too severe to be resolved within a few ...
Immun System/PART 2 The immune adaptive defense system
... The humoral immunity is effective against bacterial invasions and its soluble elements able to build up specific antibodies and anti specific type of bacteria. The cellular system is effective against viral,fungal,and some bacterial infections, this system functioning throughout direct cell interac ...
... The humoral immunity is effective against bacterial invasions and its soluble elements able to build up specific antibodies and anti specific type of bacteria. The cellular system is effective against viral,fungal,and some bacterial infections, this system functioning throughout direct cell interac ...
Leukemoid Reaction: Unusual Causes
... Neutrophil recruitment and activation is considered as the main innate immune response against microbial and viral infections. It is the most important leukocyte in typical inflammatory reaction. In the process of recruitment of leukocytes to the site of infection and injury, first neutrophils are m ...
... Neutrophil recruitment and activation is considered as the main innate immune response against microbial and viral infections. It is the most important leukocyte in typical inflammatory reaction. In the process of recruitment of leukocytes to the site of infection and injury, first neutrophils are m ...
Review questions for Immune System
... 31. What are immature neutrophils called? What is it called when their numbers are elevated? Why are the significant when elevated? ...
... 31. What are immature neutrophils called? What is it called when their numbers are elevated? Why are the significant when elevated? ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION Pathogens
... For the immune system to work the body needs to the difference between itself (own cells and materials) and nonself (foreign cells and materials) This recognition is based on differences in certain large molecules (proteins) between one organism and another. When the body recognizes that a cell is a ...
... For the immune system to work the body needs to the difference between itself (own cells and materials) and nonself (foreign cells and materials) This recognition is based on differences in certain large molecules (proteins) between one organism and another. When the body recognizes that a cell is a ...
Acquired immunity
... Various specialized regions in the body produce immune system components. Humoral immunity is part of acquired immunity and relies on production of antibodies to attack pathogens. A small number of “memory” cells continually patrol the blood and produce antibodies in case of later infection. Cell- ...
... Various specialized regions in the body produce immune system components. Humoral immunity is part of acquired immunity and relies on production of antibodies to attack pathogens. A small number of “memory” cells continually patrol the blood and produce antibodies in case of later infection. Cell- ...
Slayt 1
... • TH1 CD4 responses important for intracellular bacterial infections • TH2 CD4 response important for all bacterial infections • CD8 cytolytic T cells not very important ...
... • TH1 CD4 responses important for intracellular bacterial infections • TH2 CD4 response important for all bacterial infections • CD8 cytolytic T cells not very important ...
Inflammation in the Lung
... young, chronically ill, and third world Caused by bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites ◦ Bacteria associated with most severe cases ◦ Flu can cause pneumonia ...
... young, chronically ill, and third world Caused by bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites ◦ Bacteria associated with most severe cases ◦ Flu can cause pneumonia ...
white blood cells are
... The granulocytes and monocytes are formed only in the bone marrow. Lymphocytes and plasma cells are produced mainly in the various lymphogenous tissues—especially the lymph glands, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and various pockets of lymphoid tissue, elsewhere in the body, such as in the bone marrow and ...
... The granulocytes and monocytes are formed only in the bone marrow. Lymphocytes and plasma cells are produced mainly in the various lymphogenous tissues—especially the lymph glands, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and various pockets of lymphoid tissue, elsewhere in the body, such as in the bone marrow and ...
Macrophage
Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from makros ""large"" + phagein ""eat""; abbr. MΦ) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to the surface of healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages were first discovered by Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian bacteriologist, in 1884. They are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They play a critical role in non-specific defense (innate immunity), and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections.Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune reactions through the release of cytokines. Macrophages that encourage inflammation are called M1 macrophages, whereas those that decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair are called M2 macrophages. This difference is reflected in their metabolism, M1 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""killer"" molecule nitric oxide, whereas M2 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""repair"" molecule ornithine.Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres (0.00083 in) in diameter and are produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. They can be identified using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical staining by their specific expression of proteins such as CD14, CD40, CD11b, CD64, F4/80 (mice)/EMR1 (human), lysozyme M, MAC-1/MAC-3 and CD68.