05 Evolution 2009
... A species of scale insects extracts fluids from branches of pine trees. They have very limited movement. In an experiment, these insects were transplanted 1) between branches of the same pine tree, and 2) from one pine tree to another pine tree of the same size. ...
... A species of scale insects extracts fluids from branches of pine trees. They have very limited movement. In an experiment, these insects were transplanted 1) between branches of the same pine tree, and 2) from one pine tree to another pine tree of the same size. ...
Worksheet 2 - Cloudfront.net
... 25. Rana temporaria is most related to green frogs (Rana clamitans). I know this because they share the same Genus, which means they also share the same family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom. ...
... 25. Rana temporaria is most related to green frogs (Rana clamitans). I know this because they share the same Genus, which means they also share the same family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom. ...
Clocks
... The rate of nonsynonymous substitution for a-globin is 0.56 10–9 nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site per year. Rat and human a-globins differ by 0.093 nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site. If the universal molecular-clock hypothesis is correct, then human and rat diver ...
... The rate of nonsynonymous substitution for a-globin is 0.56 10–9 nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site per year. Rat and human a-globins differ by 0.093 nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site. If the universal molecular-clock hypothesis is correct, then human and rat diver ...
Herpes Simplex Virus Lec. 7
... • Gene expression divided into 4 groups • Group occurs within hours of viral infection (these genes also referred to as “immediate early genes”) • genes (early genes) transcription occurs 4-8 hrs past infection – genes involved with viral DNA replication ...
... • Gene expression divided into 4 groups • Group occurs within hours of viral infection (these genes also referred to as “immediate early genes”) • genes (early genes) transcription occurs 4-8 hrs past infection – genes involved with viral DNA replication ...
Virus Notes
... cell to make viral hereditary material and proteins. E. New viruses form inside of the host cell. F. New viruses are released as the host cell bursts open and is destroyed. ...
... cell to make viral hereditary material and proteins. E. New viruses form inside of the host cell. F. New viruses are released as the host cell bursts open and is destroyed. ...
General Properties of Viruses
... Protein coat (capsid) surrounding nucleic acid Nucleic acid and capsid also called nucleocapsid Some have phospholipid envelope Outermost layer provides protection and recognition sites for host cells ...
... Protein coat (capsid) surrounding nucleic acid Nucleic acid and capsid also called nucleocapsid Some have phospholipid envelope Outermost layer provides protection and recognition sites for host cells ...
notes
... Concept 4: Analyzing the evolution of populations through Hardy-Weinberg (microevolution) Chapter 23 in Campbell, pg 155-158 in Holtzclaw ...
... Concept 4: Analyzing the evolution of populations through Hardy-Weinberg (microevolution) Chapter 23 in Campbell, pg 155-158 in Holtzclaw ...
Notes: Other Evolutionary Mechanisms
... • If the five Hardy Weinberg conditions are MET, then the population is in ________ (not changing) • If any ONE of them is affected, then the population will evolve Population Size Effects • In small populations, there are less options for mating, therefore any evolutionary changes occur more ______ ...
... • If the five Hardy Weinberg conditions are MET, then the population is in ________ (not changing) • If any ONE of them is affected, then the population will evolve Population Size Effects • In small populations, there are less options for mating, therefore any evolutionary changes occur more ______ ...
Viruses - mrkeay
... molecular information contained in the viral DNA or RNA directs the host cell in replicating viral components (nucleic acids, enzymes, caspid proteins, and other viral proteins) ...
... molecular information contained in the viral DNA or RNA directs the host cell in replicating viral components (nucleic acids, enzymes, caspid proteins, and other viral proteins) ...
Virus PowerPoint
... infected sheep for many years. In the 1980s, Britain had an outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, better known as mad cow disease, which spread to Europe and other areas. Two cows have been found with the illness in the United States. • The human form of the illness is called variant Creutzf ...
... infected sheep for many years. In the 1980s, Britain had an outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, better known as mad cow disease, which spread to Europe and other areas. Two cows have been found with the illness in the United States. • The human form of the illness is called variant Creutzf ...
Case Analysis Worksheet
... 2. What specific questions do you have about these topics? By yourself, or better yet in a group, list what you already know about this case in the ”What Do I Know?” column. List questions you would like to learn more about in the “What Do I Need to Know?” column. What Do I Know? What Do I Need to K ...
... 2. What specific questions do you have about these topics? By yourself, or better yet in a group, list what you already know about this case in the ”What Do I Know?” column. List questions you would like to learn more about in the “What Do I Need to Know?” column. What Do I Know? What Do I Need to K ...
Epidemiology of Air-borne Diseases - University of Yeditepe Faculty
... Complications and risk groups • Measles can cause complications such as otitis media, pneumonia, severe diarrhea, and encephalitis leading to hospitalization and death in severe cases. The rates of hospitalization due to complications can be as high as 40% even in developed countries. • Due to its ...
... Complications and risk groups • Measles can cause complications such as otitis media, pneumonia, severe diarrhea, and encephalitis leading to hospitalization and death in severe cases. The rates of hospitalization due to complications can be as high as 40% even in developed countries. • Due to its ...
16.2 Evolution as Genetic Change
... a. Higher fitness at TWO ends of the curve b. Middle phenotype DECREASES in frequency c. Example- large seeds and small seeds become more common and there are few medium seeds i. Both birds with SMALL beaks and LARGE beaks are best adapted to eat those seeds ii. Can result in TWO subgroups ...
... a. Higher fitness at TWO ends of the curve b. Middle phenotype DECREASES in frequency c. Example- large seeds and small seeds become more common and there are few medium seeds i. Both birds with SMALL beaks and LARGE beaks are best adapted to eat those seeds ii. Can result in TWO subgroups ...
VIRUSES - Piscataway Township Schools
... its coat, the shape of the proteins determine which cells it will attack. 2. Genetic Material - Either DNA or RNA ...
... its coat, the shape of the proteins determine which cells it will attack. 2. Genetic Material - Either DNA or RNA ...
viruses - biology3u
... symptoms depending on the part of the brain affected. It is usually caused by one of several ________ infections, so it's sometimes referred to as viral encephalitis. Viral encephalitis may develop during or after infection with any of several viral illnesses including influenza, herpes simplex, mea ...
... symptoms depending on the part of the brain affected. It is usually caused by one of several ________ infections, so it's sometimes referred to as viral encephalitis. Viral encephalitis may develop during or after infection with any of several viral illnesses including influenza, herpes simplex, mea ...
Key terms: Positional homology Homoplasy Reversal Parallelism
... understanding cases of evolutionary dissociation. Are there possible problems with using the concepts of serial homology, functional homology, and biological homology? 4. What is meant by the phrase “trees within trees”. How are the concepts of mutation, polymorphism and substitution related to this ...
... understanding cases of evolutionary dissociation. Are there possible problems with using the concepts of serial homology, functional homology, and biological homology? 4. What is meant by the phrase “trees within trees”. How are the concepts of mutation, polymorphism and substitution related to this ...
Virus and Bacteria Chapter Summary
... • Medical technology can do little to cure viral diseases once they occur. • Antibiotics, which can kill bacteria by inhibiting enzymes or processes specific to bacteria, are powerless against viruses, which have few or no enzymes of their own. ° Most antiviral drugs resemble nucleosides and interf ...
... • Medical technology can do little to cure viral diseases once they occur. • Antibiotics, which can kill bacteria by inhibiting enzymes or processes specific to bacteria, are powerless against viruses, which have few or no enzymes of their own. ° Most antiviral drugs resemble nucleosides and interf ...
Methods
... • Quantitative PCR of the these genes confirmed high abundance • Not known if these genes were expressed at the time of sampling • Unlikely to see these genes in high abundance if they: – Were not expressed – Did not have a fitness advantage ...
... • Quantitative PCR of the these genes confirmed high abundance • Not known if these genes were expressed at the time of sampling • Unlikely to see these genes in high abundance if they: – Were not expressed – Did not have a fitness advantage ...
Avian Flu Frequently Asked Questions
... Is there a vaccine that can prevent avian influenza? Not yet, but several laboratories are working on it. Vaccines, like medicines, must go through laboratory experimentation, evaluations, and then animal trials followed by human testing. Their effectiveness, safety and other issues must be thorough ...
... Is there a vaccine that can prevent avian influenza? Not yet, but several laboratories are working on it. Vaccines, like medicines, must go through laboratory experimentation, evaluations, and then animal trials followed by human testing. Their effectiveness, safety and other issues must be thorough ...
Genetic Drift - stephen fleenor
... On the piece of white paper from the back, answer the following question. ...
... On the piece of white paper from the back, answer the following question. ...
Viruses
... • Cells won’t knowingly let viruses in, so the virus tricks the cell into letting it in by using receptors that are meant to let in something else. (Nutrients, for example) ...
... • Cells won’t knowingly let viruses in, so the virus tricks the cell into letting it in by using receptors that are meant to let in something else. (Nutrients, for example) ...
Negative Sense RNA Viruses
... • Host cells do not have a suitable one • Therefore the virus must provide its own • RNA viruses use 2 different strategies to provide the RdRp: • Synthesized immediately upon entry and unpackaging of the virion into the cell (positive-sense viruses) • Therefore protein synthesis is the first step i ...
... • Host cells do not have a suitable one • Therefore the virus must provide its own • RNA viruses use 2 different strategies to provide the RdRp: • Synthesized immediately upon entry and unpackaging of the virion into the cell (positive-sense viruses) • Therefore protein synthesis is the first step i ...
STRUCTURE & COMPONENTS
... • How useful a serological result is depends on the individual virus. • For example, for viruses such as rubella and hepatitis A, the onset of clinical symptoms coincide with the development of antibodies. The detection of IgM or rising titers of IgG in the serum of the patient would indicate active ...
... • How useful a serological result is depends on the individual virus. • For example, for viruses such as rubella and hepatitis A, the onset of clinical symptoms coincide with the development of antibodies. The detection of IgM or rising titers of IgG in the serum of the patient would indicate active ...
HIV Coloring
... In general, viruses have very small genomes which means that they don’t have many genes. Also, their genetic information encodes few of the proteins needed for reproduction. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way ...
... In general, viruses have very small genomes which means that they don’t have many genes. Also, their genetic information encodes few of the proteins needed for reproduction. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.