8th- Unit 9- Mic-Dis ppt 10-13-08
... •Plasmodium, a one-celled parasite transmitted by a mosquito. •Causes Malaria, associated with flu-like symptoms and intestinal problems. Plasmodium attacking a red blood cell ...
... •Plasmodium, a one-celled parasite transmitted by a mosquito. •Causes Malaria, associated with flu-like symptoms and intestinal problems. Plasmodium attacking a red blood cell ...
In general, viruses have very small genomes which means they can
... In general, viruses have very small genomes which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with them ...
... In general, viruses have very small genomes which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with them ...
Genetics and gene Therapy
... double-stranded DNA as the genetic material and has been used to determine their genetic map. • However, recombination by RNA viruses occurs at a very low frequency, if at all. ...
... double-stranded DNA as the genetic material and has been used to determine their genetic map. • However, recombination by RNA viruses occurs at a very low frequency, if at all. ...
Viruses
... of the things we normally associate with life. Viruses are not be considered "living" organisms. However, they do show one of the most important signs of life: the ability to reproduce in a host cell. ...
... of the things we normally associate with life. Viruses are not be considered "living" organisms. However, they do show one of the most important signs of life: the ability to reproduce in a host cell. ...
3/15/2017 1 Respiratory Viral Infections: Focus on Influenza
... • Lower tract samples: -Collect both upper and lower tract specimens in critically ill patients! -Lower tract can be (+) even if viral shedding is no longer detectable in the upper tract ...
... • Lower tract samples: -Collect both upper and lower tract specimens in critically ill patients! -Lower tract can be (+) even if viral shedding is no longer detectable in the upper tract ...
Germs, genomes and genealogies
... in pathogen species characterized by diverse and rapidly changing antigenic variation, the hallmark of which is an excess of protein-changing variation (relative to putatively neutral, non-protein changing variation) at antigenic genes during the course of the infection. Such a pattern is seen in HI ...
... in pathogen species characterized by diverse and rapidly changing antigenic variation, the hallmark of which is an excess of protein-changing variation (relative to putatively neutral, non-protein changing variation) at antigenic genes during the course of the infection. Such a pattern is seen in HI ...
Prospective Treatments to manage HIV “viral reservoirs” reducing
... latently infected with the HIV virus and escape exocytosis; the virus is effectively hidden from the killing effects of HAART. This is due to viral incorporation -within the genomes of these cells- but the lack of virion production, and an effective target for HAART. These ‘viral reservoirs’ then ca ...
... latently infected with the HIV virus and escape exocytosis; the virus is effectively hidden from the killing effects of HAART. This is due to viral incorporation -within the genomes of these cells- but the lack of virion production, and an effective target for HAART. These ‘viral reservoirs’ then ca ...
Viral virulence genes
... Poliovirus, mumps virus, measles virus infecNons milder at young age; beQer balance of protecNve and pathogenic immune response at this age? ...
... Poliovirus, mumps virus, measles virus infecNons milder at young age; beQer balance of protecNve and pathogenic immune response at this age? ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Lee Lab - University of Wisconsin
... strand RNA genomes Uses the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase to replicate RNA DNA Attacks host immune system: infects macrophages and helper T cells ...
... strand RNA genomes Uses the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase to replicate RNA DNA Attacks host immune system: infects macrophages and helper T cells ...
Micro Notes
... Genetic Material – The genome of a virus may be either _DNA___ or _RNA___, but never both. It can be _singlestranded____ or _double-stranded__, _circular___ or _linear__. Protein Coat – The DNA or RNA is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. The proteins making up the capsid are known as ...
... Genetic Material – The genome of a virus may be either _DNA___ or _RNA___, but never both. It can be _singlestranded____ or _double-stranded__, _circular___ or _linear__. Protein Coat – The DNA or RNA is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. The proteins making up the capsid are known as ...
National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Influenza
... The ‘mixing bowl’ hypothesis states that swine are a species in which reassortant viruses of pandemic potential that include avian, swine and human genes could be generated. Since 2004, NACI has recommended influenza vaccination for persons involved in poultry culling. The basis of the recommendatio ...
... The ‘mixing bowl’ hypothesis states that swine are a species in which reassortant viruses of pandemic potential that include avian, swine and human genes could be generated. Since 2004, NACI has recommended influenza vaccination for persons involved in poultry culling. The basis of the recommendatio ...
chapter 8 emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
... Hurdles to interspecies TRANSFER transfer can be overcome through: •Extensive genetic mutation •Genetic re-arrangement •Genetic re-assortment • Easier for viruses • Especially RNA viruses which are prone to mutation because of the lack of fidelity in replication • Influenza: segmented genome ...
... Hurdles to interspecies TRANSFER transfer can be overcome through: •Extensive genetic mutation •Genetic re-arrangement •Genetic re-assortment • Easier for viruses • Especially RNA viruses which are prone to mutation because of the lack of fidelity in replication • Influenza: segmented genome ...
Name
... 3. What 4 factors can directly change the size of a country’s population? 4. Which continent has the greatest percentage population growth? 5. True or false: the population explosion is most likely a result of lowering death rates. 6. True or false: birth rates have decreased over the last 100 years ...
... 3. What 4 factors can directly change the size of a country’s population? 4. Which continent has the greatest percentage population growth? 5. True or false: the population explosion is most likely a result of lowering death rates. 6. True or false: birth rates have decreased over the last 100 years ...
Viral Load Assay or Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing
... Viral load assay or polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory test used to monitor the progression of HIV. The polymerase chain reaction can be used not only to detect the presence of viral sequences but also to provide a semiquantitative or a precise evaluation of the number of copies of genome pre ...
... Viral load assay or polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory test used to monitor the progression of HIV. The polymerase chain reaction can be used not only to detect the presence of viral sequences but also to provide a semiquantitative or a precise evaluation of the number of copies of genome pre ...
Chapter 19- Viruses
... The region of the viral genome (DNA in DNA tumorviruses or RNA in RNA-tumor viruses) that can cause a tumor is called an oncogene. This foreign gene can be carried into a cell by the virus and cause the host cell to take on new properties such as immortalization and anchorage-independent growth. ...
... The region of the viral genome (DNA in DNA tumorviruses or RNA in RNA-tumor viruses) that can cause a tumor is called an oncogene. This foreign gene can be carried into a cell by the virus and cause the host cell to take on new properties such as immortalization and anchorage-independent growth. ...
(+226) 20 97 00 94
... IV. Wright's F-statistics. 1. Wright's Island model 2. Inside individuals relative to the sub-population they belong to: FIS. 3. Inside sub-populations relative to the total population: FST. 4. Inside individuals relative to the total population: FIT. 5. Definitions according to heterozygosity: Ches ...
... IV. Wright's F-statistics. 1. Wright's Island model 2. Inside individuals relative to the sub-population they belong to: FIS. 3. Inside sub-populations relative to the total population: FST. 4. Inside individuals relative to the total population: FIT. 5. Definitions according to heterozygosity: Ches ...
Horizontal Transfer
... molecules) increase variation. 3C.3a: Viral replication differs from other reproductive strategies and generates genetic variation via various mechanisms. 3C.3a.1: Viruses have highly efficient replicative capacities that allow for rapid evolution and acquisition of new phenotypes. 3C.3a.5: Related ...
... molecules) increase variation. 3C.3a: Viral replication differs from other reproductive strategies and generates genetic variation via various mechanisms. 3C.3a.1: Viruses have highly efficient replicative capacities that allow for rapid evolution and acquisition of new phenotypes. 3C.3a.5: Related ...
Prokaryotes, Viruses, and Protistans
... Viral DNA directs host machinery to produce viral proteins and viral DNA. ...
... Viral DNA directs host machinery to produce viral proteins and viral DNA. ...
genomic diversity and differentiation
... (most recent common ancestor) this means we have expectations for how long it takes for a sample of sequences from NOW to coalesce to a common ancestor in the past (about 2 times effective population size) one reason two separate evolutionary populations may not APPEAR completely different, it takes ...
... (most recent common ancestor) this means we have expectations for how long it takes for a sample of sequences from NOW to coalesce to a common ancestor in the past (about 2 times effective population size) one reason two separate evolutionary populations may not APPEAR completely different, it takes ...
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever - WHO South
... circulation of the virus in nature. However, the most important source for acquisition of the virus by ticks is believed to be infected small vertebrates on which immature Hyalomma ticks feed. Once infected, the tick remains infected through its developmental stages, and the mature tick may transmit ...
... circulation of the virus in nature. However, the most important source for acquisition of the virus by ticks is believed to be infected small vertebrates on which immature Hyalomma ticks feed. Once infected, the tick remains infected through its developmental stages, and the mature tick may transmit ...
L9_viruses_7e
... – Consists of 8 segments of RNA – Envelope has H spikes (hemagglutinin) and N spikes (neuraminidase) – Incubation is 1-3 days – Symptoms include: chills, fever, headache, muscle aches, may lead to cold-like symptoms ...
... – Consists of 8 segments of RNA – Envelope has H spikes (hemagglutinin) and N spikes (neuraminidase) – Incubation is 1-3 days – Symptoms include: chills, fever, headache, muscle aches, may lead to cold-like symptoms ...
Essential knowledge 3.C.3:
... make viral proteins and nucleic acid which then selfassemble into new viruses. 3. One viral gene codes for an enzyme which digests the cell wall. 4. Without a cell wall, the bacterial cell lyses (hence, lytic cycle) as a result of the osmotic uptake of water. 5. The lysed cell then releases up to 20 ...
... make viral proteins and nucleic acid which then selfassemble into new viruses. 3. One viral gene codes for an enzyme which digests the cell wall. 4. Without a cell wall, the bacterial cell lyses (hence, lytic cycle) as a result of the osmotic uptake of water. 5. The lysed cell then releases up to 20 ...
Guidelines for Sample Collection and Handling of
... for disposal of contaminated materials. Work surfaces must be decontaminated after any spill of potentially dangerous material and at the end of the working day. Generally, 5% bleach solutions are appropriate for dealing with biohazard us spillage. More information on disinfections and sterilization ...
... for disposal of contaminated materials. Work surfaces must be decontaminated after any spill of potentially dangerous material and at the end of the working day. Generally, 5% bleach solutions are appropriate for dealing with biohazard us spillage. More information on disinfections and sterilization ...
Lecture 3 Virus
... - Reproduce only within a living host cell (obligate parasitism )تطفل إبجااري. - Each type of a virus infects a limited range of host cells (host range )مدى اإلصااة Viruses are host specific ...
... - Reproduce only within a living host cell (obligate parasitism )تطفل إبجااري. - Each type of a virus infects a limited range of host cells (host range )مدى اإلصااة Viruses are host specific ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.