Infectious Mononucleosis clinical practice Katherine Luzuriaga, M.D., and John L. Sullivan, M.D.
... excrete high levels of EBV in their saliva in the year after the onset of infectious mononucleosis, but special precautions against transmission of EBV are not necessary, since most people are EBVseropositive. The majority of reported splenic ruptures, a widely feared complication of infectious mono ...
... excrete high levels of EBV in their saliva in the year after the onset of infectious mononucleosis, but special precautions against transmission of EBV are not necessary, since most people are EBVseropositive. The majority of reported splenic ruptures, a widely feared complication of infectious mono ...
Mendel`s Accountant: A New Population Genetics Simulation Tool
... The traditional approach that population geneticists have used for more than 75 years to understand how mutation and selection affect population dynamics is hand solution of analytical equations. However, recent advances in numerical simulation and the wide availability of low cost computational res ...
... The traditional approach that population geneticists have used for more than 75 years to understand how mutation and selection affect population dynamics is hand solution of analytical equations. However, recent advances in numerical simulation and the wide availability of low cost computational res ...
Sympatric speciation in parasites – what is sympatry?
... the parental population and thus could effectively find itself in allopatry. For example, major groups of nematodes are transmitted directly between hosts and facilitate this transmission by releasing larvae into the general environment that are ingested by new host individuals [14]. These larvae mi ...
... the parental population and thus could effectively find itself in allopatry. For example, major groups of nematodes are transmitted directly between hosts and facilitate this transmission by releasing larvae into the general environment that are ingested by new host individuals [14]. These larvae mi ...
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry
... Raltegravir is the first in-class HIV-1 integrase inhibitor approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infected subjects. However, like all other HIV inhibitors, the emergence of drug resistance limits its clinical efficacy. Understanding the differential prevalence rate of mutations within the integrase c ...
... Raltegravir is the first in-class HIV-1 integrase inhibitor approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infected subjects. However, like all other HIV inhibitors, the emergence of drug resistance limits its clinical efficacy. Understanding the differential prevalence rate of mutations within the integrase c ...
3. Transmission of infection via clothing, household linens and laundry
... As stated above, the aim of targeted hygiene is to maximise protection against infectious diseases by breaking the chain of infection transmission. As specified by Aiello and Larson4, although a single factor (or control point) such as the hands may be a “sufficient cause” of infection transmission ...
... As stated above, the aim of targeted hygiene is to maximise protection against infectious diseases by breaking the chain of infection transmission. As specified by Aiello and Larson4, although a single factor (or control point) such as the hands may be a “sufficient cause” of infection transmission ...
The infection risks associated with clothing and household linens in
... As stated above, the aim of targeted hygiene is to maximise protection against infectious diseases by breaking the chain of infection transmission. As specified by Aiello and Larson4, although a single factor (or control point) such as the hands may be a “sufficient cause” of infection transmission ...
... As stated above, the aim of targeted hygiene is to maximise protection against infectious diseases by breaking the chain of infection transmission. As specified by Aiello and Larson4, although a single factor (or control point) such as the hands may be a “sufficient cause” of infection transmission ...
Recombination and epistasis facilitate introgressive hybridization
... affecting hybridization, because linkage equilibrium is recovered only by recombination, and it influences the efficacy of selection purging incompatible sets of exotic genes. As a modelling framework that ensures manipulation of recombination to examine the effect of recombination on introgressive ...
... affecting hybridization, because linkage equilibrium is recovered only by recombination, and it influences the efficacy of selection purging incompatible sets of exotic genes. As a modelling framework that ensures manipulation of recombination to examine the effect of recombination on introgressive ...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
... Epidemiological linkage and phylogenetic data suggest that the associated viruses were new introductions from animals (Y. Guan, unpublished observations)34,38,39. These human cases were relatively mild and did not lead to secondary transmission, reflecting that the animal precursor virus is probably ...
... Epidemiological linkage and phylogenetic data suggest that the associated viruses were new introductions from animals (Y. Guan, unpublished observations)34,38,39. These human cases were relatively mild and did not lead to secondary transmission, reflecting that the animal precursor virus is probably ...
Medical Microbiology Core Competencies and Knowledge
... 9. Explain the biological activities of endotoxin and superantigens. 10. Describe AB toxin structure and function. 11. Explain the attributes of a microbe which can contribute to invasiveness. 12. Explain the roles played in health and disease by the body's normal flora. 13. List the major normal fl ...
... 9. Explain the biological activities of endotoxin and superantigens. 10. Describe AB toxin structure and function. 11. Explain the attributes of a microbe which can contribute to invasiveness. 12. Explain the roles played in health and disease by the body's normal flora. 13. List the major normal fl ...
(2) Microbiological diagonsis
... ticks and soft ticks; the Ecology and harms to human of ticks (3) Master morphology life cycle, pathologic diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei. (4) Realize the general morphological characteristics; Ecology and harms to human; prevention and treatment principle of ...
... ticks and soft ticks; the Ecology and harms to human of ticks (3) Master morphology life cycle, pathologic diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei. (4) Realize the general morphological characteristics; Ecology and harms to human; prevention and treatment principle of ...
W i
... • Fitness is the average contribution of an individual of a genotype to the population after one generation • There are 3 modes of natural selection when fitness is constant: directional, stabilizing and diversifying • The first reduces variability the other two maintain variation • There is also fr ...
... • Fitness is the average contribution of an individual of a genotype to the population after one generation • There are 3 modes of natural selection when fitness is constant: directional, stabilizing and diversifying • The first reduces variability the other two maintain variation • There is also fr ...
Blood-borne hepatitis ( parenterally transmitted hepatitis)
... The viral genome is small partially circular ds-DNA. There are eight known genotypes ( A – H ). The virus contains the enzyme reverse transcriptase. ...
... The viral genome is small partially circular ds-DNA. There are eight known genotypes ( A – H ). The virus contains the enzyme reverse transcriptase. ...
antiviral drugs – aspects of clinical use and recent advances
... What is the meaning of decompensation: Fibrosis is the histopathological hallmark of chronic hepatitis causing progressive derangement of normal liver architecture with consequent reduction in hepatic synthetic function. CLD is said to be decompensated when one or the other complication of CLD has d ...
... What is the meaning of decompensation: Fibrosis is the histopathological hallmark of chronic hepatitis causing progressive derangement of normal liver architecture with consequent reduction in hepatic synthetic function. CLD is said to be decompensated when one or the other complication of CLD has d ...
Colds and flu - Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
... epidemics but has no intermediate host. Influenza Type C does not cause epidemics and causes only mild infections. Influenza epidemics occur, on average, every three years. Influenza pandemics have occurred four times in the past 100 years and can cause many deaths.3,4,6,7 Virus strains are eventual ...
... epidemics but has no intermediate host. Influenza Type C does not cause epidemics and causes only mild infections. Influenza epidemics occur, on average, every three years. Influenza pandemics have occurred four times in the past 100 years and can cause many deaths.3,4,6,7 Virus strains are eventual ...
an overview of community-acquired respiratory tract infections
... This is particularly a problem with infection of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus7 because influenza per se causes damage/death of cells lining the sinuses and airways. Interestingly, infection of these ciliated cells by another recently defined respiratory tract pathogen, C pneum ...
... This is particularly a problem with infection of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus7 because influenza per se causes damage/death of cells lining the sinuses and airways. Interestingly, infection of these ciliated cells by another recently defined respiratory tract pathogen, C pneum ...
Viruses and Bacteria
... The virus protein coat, or capsid, may contain either RNA or DNA, but not both. RNA viruses include the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, influenza viruses, and rabies virus. DNA viruses include those viruses that cause warts, chickenpox, and mononucleosis. Many viruses, such as ...
... The virus protein coat, or capsid, may contain either RNA or DNA, but not both. RNA viruses include the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, influenza viruses, and rabies virus. DNA viruses include those viruses that cause warts, chickenpox, and mononucleosis. Many viruses, such as ...
Characterization of New Viruses from Hypersaline
... of haloviruses, virus ecology in highly saline environments and the interactions of haloviruses with their hosts have been little studied. The exiguous knowledge available on halophilic systems is not only due to inadequate sampling but also reflects the extra challenge highly saline systems set on ...
... of haloviruses, virus ecology in highly saline environments and the interactions of haloviruses with their hosts have been little studied. The exiguous knowledge available on halophilic systems is not only due to inadequate sampling but also reflects the extra challenge highly saline systems set on ...
Wheezy Child: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
... Placebo controlled recurrent wheezing n = 30 age mean 16 (7-24) months Treatment: FP. 100-250 micrograms/day, duration 6 months Symptom score – 2 agonist usage Side effect (development, bone density) Result: effective, no side effects ...
... Placebo controlled recurrent wheezing n = 30 age mean 16 (7-24) months Treatment: FP. 100-250 micrograms/day, duration 6 months Symptom score – 2 agonist usage Side effect (development, bone density) Result: effective, no side effects ...
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)
... by vertical transmission from mother to child. HCMV infection in immunocompromised individuals HCMV is a high risk pathogen for individuals who have an impaired adaptive immune response. Prior to the establishment of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), HCMV infections in human immunodefic ...
... by vertical transmission from mother to child. HCMV infection in immunocompromised individuals HCMV is a high risk pathogen for individuals who have an impaired adaptive immune response. Prior to the establishment of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), HCMV infections in human immunodefic ...
Full Report
... Findings, Issues, and Options Influenza is an infectious disease that affects the population of the United States to varying degrees almost every year. In some years, influenza occurs in epidemic proportions in all States. In 1957-58, for example, it contributed to approximately 70,000 excess death ...
... Findings, Issues, and Options Influenza is an infectious disease that affects the population of the United States to varying degrees almost every year. In some years, influenza occurs in epidemic proportions in all States. In 1957-58, for example, it contributed to approximately 70,000 excess death ...
Escherichia coli rpoB Mutants Have Increased
... compare the evolvability—defined as the fitness increase realized by an evolving population initiated from a test genotype—of a series of Escherichia coli mutants on multiple timescales. Each mutant differs from a common progenitor strain by a mutation in the rpoB gene, which encodes the b subunit o ...
... compare the evolvability—defined as the fitness increase realized by an evolving population initiated from a test genotype—of a series of Escherichia coli mutants on multiple timescales. Each mutant differs from a common progenitor strain by a mutation in the rpoB gene, which encodes the b subunit o ...
Modularity, individuality, and evo
... marginal eyespots on different wing surfaces, each centered in an individualized wing area bordered by veins. It has been shown that high additive genetic variance exists for several features of eyespot morphology in this species (e.g., size and colorcomposition; refs. 19 and 22). Artificial selecti ...
... marginal eyespots on different wing surfaces, each centered in an individualized wing area bordered by veins. It has been shown that high additive genetic variance exists for several features of eyespot morphology in this species (e.g., size and colorcomposition; refs. 19 and 22). Artificial selecti ...
Guidelines for HIV infected and HIV exposed children
... While evidence is limited, there is some concern that HIV infected children may be at risk for not attaining their expected peak bone mass. Ensuring optimum calcium and vitamin D intake and encouraging weight bearing exercise as for all children is important. Although there are currently no reliable ...
... While evidence is limited, there is some concern that HIV infected children may be at risk for not attaining their expected peak bone mass. Ensuring optimum calcium and vitamin D intake and encouraging weight bearing exercise as for all children is important. Although there are currently no reliable ...
GUIDELINES FOR HIV INFECTED AND EXPOSED CHILDREN
... While evidence is limited, there is some concern that HIV infected children may be at risk for not attaining their expected peak bone mass. Ensuring optimum calcium and vitamin D intake and encouraging weight bearing exercise as for all children is important. Although there are currently no reliable ...
... While evidence is limited, there is some concern that HIV infected children may be at risk for not attaining their expected peak bone mass. Ensuring optimum calcium and vitamin D intake and encouraging weight bearing exercise as for all children is important. Although there are currently no reliable ...
Symbiotic sympatric speciation through interaction
... phenotypes, assuming a rather flat fitness landscape. Here, existence of one group does not necessarily ‘help’ the survival of the other and vice versa. Of course, if the two groups were in a symbiotic state, co-existence could aid the survival of each. However, since the two groups have very similar ...
... phenotypes, assuming a rather flat fitness landscape. Here, existence of one group does not necessarily ‘help’ the survival of the other and vice versa. Of course, if the two groups were in a symbiotic state, co-existence could aid the survival of each. However, since the two groups have very similar ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.