Change of Genetic Architecture in Response to Sex
... Daphnia population was found to be undergoing a phase of sexual reproduction. The population is locatedinDorena Reservoir, Cottage Grove, Oregon. The reservoir has an area of at least 7 km'. Over 2 consecutive days, thousandsof adult individuals were sampled from 10 randomly chosen locations through ...
... Daphnia population was found to be undergoing a phase of sexual reproduction. The population is locatedinDorena Reservoir, Cottage Grove, Oregon. The reservoir has an area of at least 7 km'. Over 2 consecutive days, thousandsof adult individuals were sampled from 10 randomly chosen locations through ...
Optimality models of phage life history and parallels in
... an upper limit on the lysis time optimum in a stable or growing phage population. A cell death rate might obtain for various reasons—washout in a chemostat, predation from non-phage sources, or death from stress or lethal chemicals (e.g. bacteriocins), or infection by other phages that blocked repro ...
... an upper limit on the lysis time optimum in a stable or growing phage population. A cell death rate might obtain for various reasons—washout in a chemostat, predation from non-phage sources, or death from stress or lethal chemicals (e.g. bacteriocins), or infection by other phages that blocked repro ...
Using the Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase as a
... RdRps replicate the genomic material in RNA viruses. Many of these viruses are significant public health concerns including HCV, Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever. For this reason RdRps are key targets for new drugs and it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which they repl ...
... RdRps replicate the genomic material in RNA viruses. Many of these viruses are significant public health concerns including HCV, Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever. For this reason RdRps are key targets for new drugs and it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which they repl ...
LAB II - Reed College
... Among the mechanisms underlying the evolution of species are those that bring about changes in allele frequencies in populations. For such changes to take place, there must be genetic variation among individuals. This variation results from gene mutation, migration, or genetic recombination. These g ...
... Among the mechanisms underlying the evolution of species are those that bring about changes in allele frequencies in populations. For such changes to take place, there must be genetic variation among individuals. This variation results from gene mutation, migration, or genetic recombination. These g ...
M-Collate2 119..268
... frequency and ultimately become ®xed in the population (i.e. all the individuals in a subsequent generation will share the same mutant allele). Thus, in evolution, a mutation arising in an individual is not important per se even if it is passed on to the next generation. For a mutant allele to incre ...
... frequency and ultimately become ®xed in the population (i.e. all the individuals in a subsequent generation will share the same mutant allele). Thus, in evolution, a mutation arising in an individual is not important per se even if it is passed on to the next generation. For a mutant allele to incre ...
HIV/ AIDS
... • This is why a newly infected person can infect others before antibodies develop, when high amounts of virus in the blood are present, and the newly infected person does not yet know they have HIV. ...
... • This is why a newly infected person can infect others before antibodies develop, when high amounts of virus in the blood are present, and the newly infected person does not yet know they have HIV. ...
What is HIV?
... John and Emily have been dating for 3 years. They have a monogamous (单配) relationship. They both tested negative(阴性) for HIV 2 years ago. Should they concerned about getting HIV from each others? They should not be concerned. They may use condoms to prevent a pregnancy (怀孕). But they do not need to ...
... John and Emily have been dating for 3 years. They have a monogamous (单配) relationship. They both tested negative(阴性) for HIV 2 years ago. Should they concerned about getting HIV from each others? They should not be concerned. They may use condoms to prevent a pregnancy (怀孕). But they do not need to ...
Abstracts - Microbiology Society
... atypical tumours (which we term Wp-restricted) carry an EBNA2deleted virus genome and express a broader range of antigens including EBNA3A, 3B, 3C and the viral bcl2-homologue BHRF1. Here we show that the cellular gene expression profiles of Latency I and Wp-restricted BL cells both fall within the ...
... atypical tumours (which we term Wp-restricted) carry an EBNA2deleted virus genome and express a broader range of antigens including EBNA3A, 3B, 3C and the viral bcl2-homologue BHRF1. Here we show that the cellular gene expression profiles of Latency I and Wp-restricted BL cells both fall within the ...
Prevention and control of outbreaks of seasonal
... people-centric health systems that are universal, equitable, sustainable and of high quality. These aims are in line with the new Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) and are based on a life-course approach to increase the effectiven ...
... people-centric health systems that are universal, equitable, sustainable and of high quality. These aims are in line with the new Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) and are based on a life-course approach to increase the effectiven ...
Evolutionary History of Free-Swimming and
... 18S rDNA sequence is relatively high. Thus, in order to avoid the effect of a sequence with a high substitution rate on tree topology, I did not include Herdmania in the analyses. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on 1,461 confidently aligned sites by the NJ (Saitou and Nei 1987), ML (Felsenstein ...
... 18S rDNA sequence is relatively high. Thus, in order to avoid the effect of a sequence with a high substitution rate on tree topology, I did not include Herdmania in the analyses. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on 1,461 confidently aligned sites by the NJ (Saitou and Nei 1987), ML (Felsenstein ...
Evidence of Latency and Reactivation of Both Herpes Simplex Virus... and HSV-2 in the Genital Region
... During a primary infection, HSV infects nerve endings, establishes latency in the sacral nerve root ganglia, and subsequently reactivates in response to a variety of triggers to cause recurrent clinical disease. Animal studies have indicated that colonization of a ganglion with HSV protects from est ...
... During a primary infection, HSV infects nerve endings, establishes latency in the sacral nerve root ganglia, and subsequently reactivates in response to a variety of triggers to cause recurrent clinical disease. Animal studies have indicated that colonization of a ganglion with HSV protects from est ...
Appendix 4: Planning Assumptions
... Period of Communicability: Infectious 1 day before onset of symptoms and may be longer than 7 days after the onset of symptoms. Attack rate: Susceptibility to the pandemic influenza subtype will be universal prior to vaccination. The only people assumed to be immune are o individuals who have re ...
... Period of Communicability: Infectious 1 day before onset of symptoms and may be longer than 7 days after the onset of symptoms. Attack rate: Susceptibility to the pandemic influenza subtype will be universal prior to vaccination. The only people assumed to be immune are o individuals who have re ...
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... total cost of the FMD epidemic was estimated at 10 billion pounds in the United Kingdom alone (Samuel and Knowles, 2001). ...
... total cost of the FMD epidemic was estimated at 10 billion pounds in the United Kingdom alone (Samuel and Knowles, 2001). ...
Giant viruses, giant chimeras: The multiple evolutionary histories of
... beings (i.e. cellular) and, therefore, do not belong to the tree of life [7,10]. Moreover, there is compelling evidence for the polyphyletic origin of viruses, which further complicates the issue [11]. These debates have recently gained an unprecedented impetus when Raoult and co-workers published t ...
... beings (i.e. cellular) and, therefore, do not belong to the tree of life [7,10]. Moreover, there is compelling evidence for the polyphyletic origin of viruses, which further complicates the issue [11]. These debates have recently gained an unprecedented impetus when Raoult and co-workers published t ...
FELINE VIRUSES INDUCING IMMUNODEFICIENCY (FIV, FeLV
... and social behaviour in all the treated cats. The product was also free of adverse reactions and therefore vouches for initializing a larger study questing for possible more intimate effects. Keywords: HIV, FIV, FeLV, IgY INTRODUCTION Retroviruses represent a large group of RNA viruses that are foun ...
... and social behaviour in all the treated cats. The product was also free of adverse reactions and therefore vouches for initializing a larger study questing for possible more intimate effects. Keywords: HIV, FIV, FeLV, IgY INTRODUCTION Retroviruses represent a large group of RNA viruses that are foun ...
BIOLOGY OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS: A
... upper respiratory tract symptoms, infants may develop tachypnea, dyspnea, and intercostal retractions. Difficulty in feeding, features of otitis media and hypoxemia are common (McCarthy and Hall, 2003). The primary manifestations of lower respiratory tract disease in infants are bronchiolitis and pn ...
... upper respiratory tract symptoms, infants may develop tachypnea, dyspnea, and intercostal retractions. Difficulty in feeding, features of otitis media and hypoxemia are common (McCarthy and Hall, 2003). The primary manifestations of lower respiratory tract disease in infants are bronchiolitis and pn ...
Wright, Sewall Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics, 16:97
... and his school securely identified Mendelian heredity with chromosomal behavior and made possible researches which further strengthened the view that the Mendelian mechanism is the general mechanism of heredity in sexually reproducing organisms. The only exceptions so far discovered have been a few ...
... and his school securely identified Mendelian heredity with chromosomal behavior and made possible researches which further strengthened the view that the Mendelian mechanism is the general mechanism of heredity in sexually reproducing organisms. The only exceptions so far discovered have been a few ...
Singhal YK et al: Ebola virus and its futurism in India
... Laboratory findings include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes. Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms. People are infectious as long as their blood and secretions contain the virus. Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive clinical care and the ...
... Laboratory findings include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes. Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms. People are infectious as long as their blood and secretions contain the virus. Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive clinical care and the ...
Genetic loads under fitness
... rates than lightly loaded individuals. With sexual reproduction, offspring are produced by gametes from different parents; one parent may have a higher than average mutation rate, the other a lower than average mutation rate. Sexual populations truly experience the average mutation rate [as revealed ...
... rates than lightly loaded individuals. With sexual reproduction, offspring are produced by gametes from different parents; one parent may have a higher than average mutation rate, the other a lower than average mutation rate. Sexual populations truly experience the average mutation rate [as revealed ...
Epidemiology and control of fungally transmitted cereal viruses
... option. Isolates of Polymyxa were characterised by nucleotide sequencing of ribosomal DNA. Isolates of P. graminis could be allocated to one of three subgroups (only two of which are represented by temperate isolates). These distinctions may be related to differences in isolate origin and ability to ...
... option. Isolates of Polymyxa were characterised by nucleotide sequencing of ribosomal DNA. Isolates of P. graminis could be allocated to one of three subgroups (only two of which are represented by temperate isolates). These distinctions may be related to differences in isolate origin and ability to ...
HIV-1 resistance analyses from therapy-naïve
... therapy (ART) is administered in limited-resource settings with standardised first- and second-line ART regimens. During this study I analysed the therapy-naïve population of Cape Town, South Africa and Mwanza, Tanzania for any resistance associated mutations (RAMs) against protease inhibitors, nucl ...
... therapy (ART) is administered in limited-resource settings with standardised first- and second-line ART regimens. During this study I analysed the therapy-naïve population of Cape Town, South Africa and Mwanza, Tanzania for any resistance associated mutations (RAMs) against protease inhibitors, nucl ...
705_2008_256_MOESM1_ESM - Springer Static Content Server
... closest to that of Tricyrtis virus Y (divergence 0.538) and several other viruses from S E Asia suggests that this virus entered the USA in the Impatiens material. Kennedya virus Y (KVY) is another Candidatus potyvirus. It was found in plants of the leguminous scrambler Kennedya rubicunda, which is ...
... closest to that of Tricyrtis virus Y (divergence 0.538) and several other viruses from S E Asia suggests that this virus entered the USA in the Impatiens material. Kennedya virus Y (KVY) is another Candidatus potyvirus. It was found in plants of the leguminous scrambler Kennedya rubicunda, which is ...
PDF
... new individuals that do not match with the training samples then we might arrive at three conclusions: (1) the new individual is a malware in the testing category, (2) the new individual is an unknown Bagle virus, and (3) the new individual is not a Bagle virus. We have already mentioned that the fa ...
... new individuals that do not match with the training samples then we might arrive at three conclusions: (1) the new individual is a malware in the testing category, (2) the new individual is an unknown Bagle virus, and (3) the new individual is not a Bagle virus. We have already mentioned that the fa ...
microbiology - UtechDMD2015
... – Carries genes that encode resistance to antibiotics + virulence factors – Narrow-host-range, broad-host-range plasmids ...
... – Carries genes that encode resistance to antibiotics + virulence factors – Narrow-host-range, broad-host-range plasmids ...
Admixture Between Historically Isolated Mitochondrial Lineages in
... results indicate that the 42 HVI sequences obtained in this study are of mitochondrial origin because the amplicons used as templates for HVI sequencing were ~7 Kbp, a length that is larger than most numts reported in the gorilla genome (Soto-Calderón 2012). We also did not find any evidence of numt ...
... results indicate that the 42 HVI sequences obtained in this study are of mitochondrial origin because the amplicons used as templates for HVI sequencing were ~7 Kbp, a length that is larger than most numts reported in the gorilla genome (Soto-Calderón 2012). We also did not find any evidence of numt ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.