Headache and CSF Interpretation
... Meningitis vs. encephalitis? presence or absence of normal brain function patients with pure meningitis usually have normal cerebral function unless significant systemic inflammatory response or reduced conscious level patients with encephalitis have abnormal brain function including altered mental ...
... Meningitis vs. encephalitis? presence or absence of normal brain function patients with pure meningitis usually have normal cerebral function unless significant systemic inflammatory response or reduced conscious level patients with encephalitis have abnormal brain function including altered mental ...
Relatedness in the post-genomic era: is it still
... (REF. 12). This contrasts with traditional h2 estimates that require pairs of individuals with different θ, such as monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs13. The table also reports P[θʹ > 0], the probability of any IBD from the specified common ancestors. For example, two children with a common great- ...
... (REF. 12). This contrasts with traditional h2 estimates that require pairs of individuals with different θ, such as monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs13. The table also reports P[θʹ > 0], the probability of any IBD from the specified common ancestors. For example, two children with a common great- ...
Technical file
... Identification and Description of Non-target Organisms Which May be Adversely Affected by the Release of the GMO, and the Anticipated Mechanisms of any ...
... Identification and Description of Non-target Organisms Which May be Adversely Affected by the Release of the GMO, and the Anticipated Mechanisms of any ...
Guidelines for the Prevention, Control and Public Health
... specific influenza strains such as H1N1 or H3N2, which have been co-circulating in human populations for many years. Influenza A and B viruses undergo frequent changes in their surface antigens, giving rise to new circulating strains of influenza virus. Immunity from previous infection or vaccinatio ...
... specific influenza strains such as H1N1 or H3N2, which have been co-circulating in human populations for many years. Influenza A and B viruses undergo frequent changes in their surface antigens, giving rise to new circulating strains of influenza virus. Immunity from previous infection or vaccinatio ...
Genetic diversity and epidemiology of infectious hematopoietic
... 3 genes demonstrated a consistent spatial pattern. Virus isolates belonging to the most common haplotype groups were distributed throughout Alaska, whereas isolates in small haplotype groups were obtained from only 1 site (hatchery,lake, etc.).The temporal pattern of the G F haplotypes suggested a ' ...
... 3 genes demonstrated a consistent spatial pattern. Virus isolates belonging to the most common haplotype groups were distributed throughout Alaska, whereas isolates in small haplotype groups were obtained from only 1 site (hatchery,lake, etc.).The temporal pattern of the G F haplotypes suggested a ' ...
the evolution of genomic base composition in bacteria
... added to the model. The best-fitting curve of the form Yi 5 b(Xi)1/2 is shown on Figure 3, with an estimated b 5 31.97, which is equivalent to an estimated b 5 3210 (see eq. 3a). As a second test, we note that the Brownian-motion model predicts that there should be substantial variance around the be ...
... added to the model. The best-fitting curve of the form Yi 5 b(Xi)1/2 is shown on Figure 3, with an estimated b 5 31.97, which is equivalent to an estimated b 5 3210 (see eq. 3a). As a second test, we note that the Brownian-motion model predicts that there should be substantial variance around the be ...
Special microbiology
... fever, malaise and congestion is most compatible with which of the following as an etiological agent? A. Mumps B. Influenza C C. Chicken pox D. Hepatitis A Virus E. *Influenza A virus 58. An acute respiratory disease spread by the droplet aerosol route during winter is most compatible with which of ...
... fever, malaise and congestion is most compatible with which of the following as an etiological agent? A. Mumps B. Influenza C C. Chicken pox D. Hepatitis A Virus E. *Influenza A virus 58. An acute respiratory disease spread by the droplet aerosol route during winter is most compatible with which of ...
Single-copy nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the
... problem' becoming the best known empirical example of long-branch attraction [27-30]. In a 1999 review of holometabolan phylogeny, Kristensen [8] stated that if further evidence supports Halteria, the hypothesis will be considered one of the 'most spectacular contributions of molecular characters to ...
... problem' becoming the best known empirical example of long-branch attraction [27-30]. In a 1999 review of holometabolan phylogeny, Kristensen [8] stated that if further evidence supports Halteria, the hypothesis will be considered one of the 'most spectacular contributions of molecular characters to ...
THE EVOLUTION OF PARASITES IN RESPONSE TO TOLERANCE
... 1A). The transmission rate will also be correspondingly higher (Fig. 1E). The relationship between tolerance, r, and the ES replication rate, «* T , is illustrated in Figure 2A. The level of virulence, a, experienced by infected hosts is always reduced when a tolerant genotype becomes fixed in the p ...
... 1A). The transmission rate will also be correspondingly higher (Fig. 1E). The relationship between tolerance, r, and the ES replication rate, «* T , is illustrated in Figure 2A. The level of virulence, a, experienced by infected hosts is always reduced when a tolerant genotype becomes fixed in the p ...
The biased nucleotide composition of the HIV genome: a constant
... gorillas, SIVgor, is the probable origin of HIV-1 group P [9]. SIVgor has indeed a lower level of A-nucleotides, similar to the group P virus. SIV from other monkeys, including HIV-2 that originates from mangabeys, also contain somewhat lower A-levels ranging than SIVcpz or HIV-1 (Table 1). Bovine i ...
... gorillas, SIVgor, is the probable origin of HIV-1 group P [9]. SIVgor has indeed a lower level of A-nucleotides, similar to the group P virus. SIV from other monkeys, including HIV-2 that originates from mangabeys, also contain somewhat lower A-levels ranging than SIVcpz or HIV-1 (Table 1). Bovine i ...
PDF - Canine Genetics and Epidemiology
... of a single allele from a common ancestor to both parents is >0. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) is this probability, and F for an individual will be higher if there are more common ancestors and in more recent generations. Given that all individuals carry mutant deleterious alleles, many of which ...
... of a single allele from a common ancestor to both parents is >0. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) is this probability, and F for an individual will be higher if there are more common ancestors and in more recent generations. Given that all individuals carry mutant deleterious alleles, many of which ...
Recommend combo rx for HSCT pts with RF for progression to LRTI
... • Common wintertime respiratory virus – In northern hemisphere November – April, peak Jan-Feb ...
... • Common wintertime respiratory virus – In northern hemisphere November – April, peak Jan-Feb ...
Reprint
... A framework is presented for unifying single locus genetic and game theoretic models of continuous traits under frequency-dependent selection when there are interactions among relatives. This framework serves two purposes. First, it is used to determine how ‘‘games between relatives’’ must be modele ...
... A framework is presented for unifying single locus genetic and game theoretic models of continuous traits under frequency-dependent selection when there are interactions among relatives. This framework serves two purposes. First, it is used to determine how ‘‘games between relatives’’ must be modele ...
Zika Virus and Its Effects in Pregnancy - Power
... between Zika virus and microcephaly or other adverse outcomes does not mean that if a woman is infected with Zika virus during pregnancy, the infant will definitely have health problems; it means simply that the infant is at increased risk for microcephaly or other health problems. 10. Which pregna ...
... between Zika virus and microcephaly or other adverse outcomes does not mean that if a woman is infected with Zika virus during pregnancy, the infant will definitely have health problems; it means simply that the infant is at increased risk for microcephaly or other health problems. 10. Which pregna ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France We survey the population genetic basis of social evolution, using a logically consistent set of arguments to cover a wide range of biological scenarios. We start by reconsidering Hamilton’s (Hamilton 19 ...
... CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France We survey the population genetic basis of social evolution, using a logically consistent set of arguments to cover a wide range of biological scenarios. We start by reconsidering Hamilton’s (Hamilton 19 ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France We survey the population genetic basis of social evolution, using a logically consistent set of arguments to cover a wide range of biological scenarios. We start by reconsidering Hamilton’s (Hamilton 19 ...
... CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France We survey the population genetic basis of social evolution, using a logically consistent set of arguments to cover a wide range of biological scenarios. We start by reconsidering Hamilton’s (Hamilton 19 ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France We survey the population genetic basis of social evolution, using a logically consistent set of arguments to cover a wide range of biological scenarios. We start by reconsidering Hamilton’s (Hamilton 19 ...
... CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France We survey the population genetic basis of social evolution, using a logically consistent set of arguments to cover a wide range of biological scenarios. We start by reconsidering Hamilton’s (Hamilton 19 ...
Evolutionary aspects of recombination in RNA viruses
... and assesses its robustness using bootstrapping. The window is then incrementally shifted along the alignment and a new bootstrap tree is produced for each resulting subset of the alignment. Significant topological changes in the position of a sequence in different windows indicate possible recombin ...
... and assesses its robustness using bootstrapping. The window is then incrementally shifted along the alignment and a new bootstrap tree is produced for each resulting subset of the alignment. Significant topological changes in the position of a sequence in different windows indicate possible recombin ...
General Practitioners and HIV
... Currently HIV PEP consists of a combination of two or three antiretroviral drugs (depending on the level of risk associated with the exposure). It is recommended that HIV PEP should be started immediately after an exposure if possible, as its effectiveness relates to how quickly it is administered ...
... Currently HIV PEP consists of a combination of two or three antiretroviral drugs (depending on the level of risk associated with the exposure). It is recommended that HIV PEP should be started immediately after an exposure if possible, as its effectiveness relates to how quickly it is administered ...
Microbiology of non- CF bronchiectasis
... H. influenzae (along with other bacteria infecting a bronchiectatic lung) may exist in biofilms in the respiratory tract. These are co-operative populations of bacteria surrounded by an amorphous matrix and could help the organism to survive in a hostile environment by resisting both host defences a ...
... H. influenzae (along with other bacteria infecting a bronchiectatic lung) may exist in biofilms in the respiratory tract. These are co-operative populations of bacteria surrounded by an amorphous matrix and could help the organism to survive in a hostile environment by resisting both host defences a ...
Supplement 10 Guidance for Pandemic Influenza: Infection Control
... Guidance for Pandemic Influenza: Infection Control in Hospitals, Community and Primary Care Settings has been developed to facilitate planning by the Health Service Executive in advance of the emergence of the next influenza pandemic. Acute hospitals and primary care settings will form the vanguard ...
... Guidance for Pandemic Influenza: Infection Control in Hospitals, Community and Primary Care Settings has been developed to facilitate planning by the Health Service Executive in advance of the emergence of the next influenza pandemic. Acute hospitals and primary care settings will form the vanguard ...
18.1 Studying Viruses and Prokaryotes
... • Viral DNA is integrated into hosts DNA – prophage • Can stay in host cell for an extended period of time • Every time host cell reproduces = prophage is replicated • Every cell is also infected • Trigger will activate lytic cycle later • Ex: Herpes, chicken pox ...
... • Viral DNA is integrated into hosts DNA – prophage • Can stay in host cell for an extended period of time • Every time host cell reproduces = prophage is replicated • Every cell is also infected • Trigger will activate lytic cycle later • Ex: Herpes, chicken pox ...
1999 paper
... (self-adaptation). Angeline's framework considers an EA as a whole, without dividing attention to its di erent components (e.g., mutation, recombination, selection, etc). The classication proposed by Hinterding, Michalewicz, and Eiben 65] extends that of 2] by considering an additional level of a ...
... (self-adaptation). Angeline's framework considers an EA as a whole, without dividing attention to its di erent components (e.g., mutation, recombination, selection, etc). The classication proposed by Hinterding, Michalewicz, and Eiben 65] extends that of 2] by considering an additional level of a ...
Chronic Viral Hepatitis in the Pediatric Population
... The majority of re-exposed individuals do not develop chronic disease Risk for chronic infection after re-exposure to HCV was 12fold lower among persons with prior HCV infection Mehta 2002 Lancet ...
... The majority of re-exposed individuals do not develop chronic disease Risk for chronic infection after re-exposure to HCV was 12fold lower among persons with prior HCV infection Mehta 2002 Lancet ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.