- Sacramento - California State University
... found naturally on the surface of host cells. This work will show the successful synthesis of two core molecules [TEAm-(G1)3, TEAm-G1-(DAP)3], a glucosamine-terminated linker (G-AE-PA), as well as two glucosamine-terminated dendrimers [TEAm-G1(GlcN)3, TEAm-G1-(G-AE-PA)3]. TEAm-(G1)3 was synthesized ...
... found naturally on the surface of host cells. This work will show the successful synthesis of two core molecules [TEAm-(G1)3, TEAm-G1-(DAP)3], a glucosamine-terminated linker (G-AE-PA), as well as two glucosamine-terminated dendrimers [TEAm-G1(GlcN)3, TEAm-G1-(G-AE-PA)3]. TEAm-(G1)3 was synthesized ...
Ribosomal RNA Secondary Structure
... al. 1991) of vertebrate relationships, in which 1,989 28s rDNA bases from each of the following taxa were aligned: Cyprinella lutrensis ( Actinopterygii) , Latimeria chalumnae ( Actinistia), Xenopus laevis (Amphibia), Rhineura jloridana (Squamata), and A4us musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapi ...
... al. 1991) of vertebrate relationships, in which 1,989 28s rDNA bases from each of the following taxa were aligned: Cyprinella lutrensis ( Actinopterygii) , Latimeria chalumnae ( Actinistia), Xenopus laevis (Amphibia), Rhineura jloridana (Squamata), and A4us musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapi ...
Diverse Subgroup Set Discovery using a Novel Genetic Algorithm
... The search improves from generation to generation of a population of individuals by means of mutation and crossover. We have used XOR operation to generate our objective score as described in the preliminaries section. In Algorithm 1, we created a population in Pm and Pc . Pm created a population us ...
... The search improves from generation to generation of a population of individuals by means of mutation and crossover. We have used XOR operation to generate our objective score as described in the preliminaries section. In Algorithm 1, we created a population in Pm and Pc . Pm created a population us ...
supplementary materials
... locally favored alleles. This is particularly true for the mixed model, where populations are not at ...
... locally favored alleles. This is particularly true for the mixed model, where populations are not at ...
Viral infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
... symptoms are present and that induced sputum would be more likely to yield virus when lower respiratory tract symptoms are present. In addition, there is an increasing body of evidence that rhinovirus may directly infect the lower airway in patients with COPD [30–32]; therefore, it makes sense that ...
... symptoms are present and that induced sputum would be more likely to yield virus when lower respiratory tract symptoms are present. In addition, there is an increasing body of evidence that rhinovirus may directly infect the lower airway in patients with COPD [30–32]; therefore, it makes sense that ...
Natural Selection and Neutral Evolution Jointly Drive Population
... evolution is an important step in addressing alternate explanations for population differentiation at outlier loci, which are more likely in structured populations [32]. In this study, we conduct a genome scan for putative signatures of natural selection between alpine and lowland ecotypes of the al ...
... evolution is an important step in addressing alternate explanations for population differentiation at outlier loci, which are more likely in structured populations [32]. In this study, we conduct a genome scan for putative signatures of natural selection between alpine and lowland ecotypes of the al ...
Emergent Neutrality in Adaptive Asexual Evolution
... We consider an evolving asexual population of fixed size N, in which each individual has a genome of length L with two possible alleles per site. Our minimal fitness model is additive and fairly standard: each site is assigned a nonnegative selection coefficient f, which equals the fitness difference be ...
... We consider an evolving asexual population of fixed size N, in which each individual has a genome of length L with two possible alleles per site. Our minimal fitness model is additive and fairly standard: each site is assigned a nonnegative selection coefficient f, which equals the fitness difference be ...
SYSTEM DYNAMICS PROBLEMS WITH RATE PROPORTIONAL TO
... the generic format employed by the text, depicts the situation with population indicating P, growth_rate representing r, and growth meaning dP/dt. A stock (box variable, or reservoir), such as population, accumulates with time. By contrast, a converter (variable-auxiliary/constant, or formula), such ...
... the generic format employed by the text, depicts the situation with population indicating P, growth_rate representing r, and growth meaning dP/dt. A stock (box variable, or reservoir), such as population, accumulates with time. By contrast, a converter (variable-auxiliary/constant, or formula), such ...
Whole Genome Sequencing versus Traditional Genotyping for
... contact tracing documenting transmission links ([8], unpublished data). Among several reasons that might account for this, transmission can occur during short contacts or in high risk populations (e.g., homeless or alcoholic populations), leading to situations in which epidemiological links are diff ...
... contact tracing documenting transmission links ([8], unpublished data). Among several reasons that might account for this, transmission can occur during short contacts or in high risk populations (e.g., homeless or alcoholic populations), leading to situations in which epidemiological links are diff ...
protecting your child against the flu
... apart if they are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time or those vaccinated for the first time during the previous influenza season but who only received one dose. The first dose “primes” the immune system; the second dose provides immune protection. Influenza vaccine may be given at the sa ...
... apart if they are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time or those vaccinated for the first time during the previous influenza season but who only received one dose. The first dose “primes” the immune system; the second dose provides immune protection. Influenza vaccine may be given at the sa ...
Introduction to Genetic Algorithms
... mislead GA and cause its convergence to suboptimal points Introduction to Genetic Algorithms ...
... mislead GA and cause its convergence to suboptimal points Introduction to Genetic Algorithms ...
Dentists` Knowledge of HIV Infection
... sugges that dentist who are used to working without gloves, have difficulties in adaptating to latex gloves, because of loosing tactile sense and also because of decreased perception of professional risks. The use of gloves highly correlates with the age of the dentist, as suggested by Verrusio et a ...
... sugges that dentist who are used to working without gloves, have difficulties in adaptating to latex gloves, because of loosing tactile sense and also because of decreased perception of professional risks. The use of gloves highly correlates with the age of the dentist, as suggested by Verrusio et a ...
the role of viral, bacterial, parasitic and human sialidases in disease
... acid in ‘great apes’ and other mammals, is absent in humans because of an inactivating mutation in the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene (CMAH). As a result, humans seem to be resistant to infectious diseases, in which a pathogen or bacterial toxin specifically binds to ...
... acid in ‘great apes’ and other mammals, is absent in humans because of an inactivating mutation in the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene (CMAH). As a result, humans seem to be resistant to infectious diseases, in which a pathogen or bacterial toxin specifically binds to ...
Hepatitis B
... occurs in less than 1% of cases. • There is no definitive evidence that antiviral therapy reduces the severity or duration of acute hepatitis B. • Full recovery occurs in 90–95% of adults following acute HBV infection. • The remaining 5–10% develop a chronic hepatitis B infection that usually contin ...
... occurs in less than 1% of cases. • There is no definitive evidence that antiviral therapy reduces the severity or duration of acute hepatitis B. • Full recovery occurs in 90–95% of adults following acute HBV infection. • The remaining 5–10% develop a chronic hepatitis B infection that usually contin ...
Review Article Viral Bacterial Artificial - diss.fu
... vectors provided a solution to both problems as they can harbor large DNA sequences and can efficiently be modified using wellestablished mutagenesis techniques in Escherichia coli. Numerous DNA virus genomes of herpesvirus and pox virus were cloned into mini-F vectors. In addition, several reverse ge ...
... vectors provided a solution to both problems as they can harbor large DNA sequences and can efficiently be modified using wellestablished mutagenesis techniques in Escherichia coli. Numerous DNA virus genomes of herpesvirus and pox virus were cloned into mini-F vectors. In addition, several reverse ge ...
The Relative Contributions of the X Chromosome and Autosomes to
... Theoretical models of adaptation have expanded dramatically during the last two decades, and have taken central roles in defining many of the core conceptual questions that currently drive empirical research in evolutionary genetics and genomics. What is the distribution of phenotypic effects among ...
... Theoretical models of adaptation have expanded dramatically during the last two decades, and have taken central roles in defining many of the core conceptual questions that currently drive empirical research in evolutionary genetics and genomics. What is the distribution of phenotypic effects among ...
Pandemic Influenza Policy - Black Country Partnership NHS
... Influenza is a common acute viral infection that can affect all age groups. It is usually a seasonal illness, occurring predominantly in a six to eight week period each winter. With Pandemic Influenza all ages are likely to be affected but those with certain underlying medical conditions, pregnant w ...
... Influenza is a common acute viral infection that can affect all age groups. It is usually a seasonal illness, occurring predominantly in a six to eight week period each winter. With Pandemic Influenza all ages are likely to be affected but those with certain underlying medical conditions, pregnant w ...
Cophylogeny and disparate rates of evolution in sympatric lineages
... Although molecular-based phylogenetic studies of hosts and parasites are increasingly common in the literature, no study to date has examined two congeneric lineages of parasites that live in sympatry on the same lineage of hosts. This study examines phylogenetic relationships among chewing lice (Ph ...
... Although molecular-based phylogenetic studies of hosts and parasites are increasingly common in the literature, no study to date has examined two congeneric lineages of parasites that live in sympatry on the same lineage of hosts. This study examines phylogenetic relationships among chewing lice (Ph ...
18.1 Studying Viruses and Prokaryotes
... • Infect a cell without causing its immediate destruction - temperate virus • Viral DNA is integrated into hosts DNA – prophage • Can stay in host cell for an extended period of time • Every time host cell reproduces = prophage is replicated • Every cell is also infected • Trigger will activate lyti ...
... • Infect a cell without causing its immediate destruction - temperate virus • Viral DNA is integrated into hosts DNA – prophage • Can stay in host cell for an extended period of time • Every time host cell reproduces = prophage is replicated • Every cell is also infected • Trigger will activate lyti ...
Communicable Diseases Bulletin
... from most to least developed ones. However, the lack of reliable data makes it difficult to estimate the burden of foodborne illnesses worldwide. This is mainly due to the different definitions used in various studies, most diarrheal illnesses are not reported to public health authorities, and only ...
... from most to least developed ones. However, the lack of reliable data makes it difficult to estimate the burden of foodborne illnesses worldwide. This is mainly due to the different definitions used in various studies, most diarrheal illnesses are not reported to public health authorities, and only ...
WHO consultation on priority public health interventions
... recent SARS outbreak, knowledge about the epidemiology of previous influenza pandemics, and clinical data from outbreaks of H5N1 infection in Hong Kong in 1997 and Viet Nam and Thailand in 2004. Modelling of various scenarios for the emergence of a pandemic strain provided an especially useful plann ...
... recent SARS outbreak, knowledge about the epidemiology of previous influenza pandemics, and clinical data from outbreaks of H5N1 infection in Hong Kong in 1997 and Viet Nam and Thailand in 2004. Modelling of various scenarios for the emergence of a pandemic strain provided an especially useful plann ...
Directional Positive Selection on an Allele of Arbitrary
... We also present the average, 25th, and 75th percentiles of Tajima’s (1989a) D and Fu and Li’s (1993) D, two widely used summaries of the allele frequency spectrum (Figure 3). Tajima’s D is the (approximately normalized) difference between p and uW while Fu and Li’s D considers the (approximately nor ...
... We also present the average, 25th, and 75th percentiles of Tajima’s (1989a) D and Fu and Li’s (1993) D, two widely used summaries of the allele frequency spectrum (Figure 3). Tajima’s D is the (approximately normalized) difference between p and uW while Fu and Li’s D considers the (approximately nor ...
4-community acquired Pneumonia updated
... clindamycin, bactrim, quinolones • All MDR strains are sensitive to vancomycin or linezolid; most are sensitive to respiratory quinolones • For Pneumonia, pneumococcal resistance to β-lactams is relative and can usually be overcome by increasing βlactam doses (not for meningitis!) ...
... clindamycin, bactrim, quinolones • All MDR strains are sensitive to vancomycin or linezolid; most are sensitive to respiratory quinolones • For Pneumonia, pneumococcal resistance to β-lactams is relative and can usually be overcome by increasing βlactam doses (not for meningitis!) ...
Rationing Vaccine During An Avian Influenza Pandemic: Why It Won
... the ability of the health care system to continue to function. Their primary concern with health-care providers is helpfully telegraphed by this group’s proximity on the list to household contacts and out-ofhome caretakers of children under 6 years. All three of these groups were given prior- ...
... the ability of the health care system to continue to function. Their primary concern with health-care providers is helpfully telegraphed by this group’s proximity on the list to household contacts and out-ofhome caretakers of children under 6 years. All three of these groups were given prior- ...
Slides - AIDS Education and Training Centers
... HIV Laboratory Tests – Viral Load • Detects the amount of virus present • High viral loads increase risk for disease progression and HIV transmission ...
... HIV Laboratory Tests – Viral Load • Detects the amount of virus present • High viral loads increase risk for disease progression and HIV transmission ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.