- Wiley Online Library
... key insight from this work is that highly specific matching interactions between hosts and parasites promote cycles and therefore temporal diversity in hosts and parasites. More broadly, similar insights are gained from predator–prey models in which bidirectional (matching) interactions are more lik ...
... key insight from this work is that highly specific matching interactions between hosts and parasites promote cycles and therefore temporal diversity in hosts and parasites. More broadly, similar insights are gained from predator–prey models in which bidirectional (matching) interactions are more lik ...
The Evolutionary Reduction Principle for Linear Variation in Genetic
... includes gene conversion, methylation, deletions, duplications, insertions, transpositions, and other chromosomal alterations. These two processes, augmented by a third — the randomness of sampling in finite populations — provide the basis for our causal explanations of the characteristics of organ ...
... includes gene conversion, methylation, deletions, duplications, insertions, transpositions, and other chromosomal alterations. These two processes, augmented by a third — the randomness of sampling in finite populations — provide the basis for our causal explanations of the characteristics of organ ...
#2
... between crossover rate and the pattern of base substitution (r2 ¼ 0.61, P , 2.10216). The strength of the correlation indicates that the crossover rate is a strong predictor of the evolution of base composition, and it therefore suggests a direct causal relation between recombination rate and GC*. S ...
... between crossover rate and the pattern of base substitution (r2 ¼ 0.61, P , 2.10216). The strength of the correlation indicates that the crossover rate is a strong predictor of the evolution of base composition, and it therefore suggests a direct causal relation between recombination rate and GC*. S ...
Evolutionary origins of invasive populations
... the New World, due to a history of greater natural and anthropogenic disturbance (Di Castri 1989; Lonsdale 1999). In a striking example, the Black and Caspian (Ponto-Caspian) Sea basins have served as major donors of invaders into the Great Lakes (Jazdzewski 1980; Spidle et al. 1994; Lee and Bell 19 ...
... the New World, due to a history of greater natural and anthropogenic disturbance (Di Castri 1989; Lonsdale 1999). In a striking example, the Black and Caspian (Ponto-Caspian) Sea basins have served as major donors of invaders into the Great Lakes (Jazdzewski 1980; Spidle et al. 1994; Lee and Bell 19 ...
A role for genetic accommodation in evolution?
... heat shock in each generation. Similarly, as a control, a monophenic line was established by selecting individuals that remained blackest after heat shock. The response to selection was rapid and strong, indicating that the environmentally induced color variation was heritable. After 13 generations ...
... heat shock in each generation. Similarly, as a control, a monophenic line was established by selecting individuals that remained blackest after heat shock. The response to selection was rapid and strong, indicating that the environmentally induced color variation was heritable. After 13 generations ...
Let`s Talk About...Meningitis
... The most frequent cause of meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection. Less often, a fungus can cause it. It's important to know the cause of meningitis because viral meningitis is usually less severe and generally people get better without any treatment, while bacterial meningitis can be very ser ...
... The most frequent cause of meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection. Less often, a fungus can cause it. It's important to know the cause of meningitis because viral meningitis is usually less severe and generally people get better without any treatment, while bacterial meningitis can be very ser ...
Genital Herpes: Gynaecological Aspects
... unaware of their disease and those that know they are infected.10 It has been established that in the absence of symptoms, HSV-2 can be detected in the genital tract, by viral culture, on 3% of days for the first year after initial infection, and then on 1% of days for the next 2 years. If measured ...
... unaware of their disease and those that know they are infected.10 It has been established that in the absence of symptoms, HSV-2 can be detected in the genital tract, by viral culture, on 3% of days for the first year after initial infection, and then on 1% of days for the next 2 years. If measured ...
Zika Virus Infection: Laboratory Investigation of Symptomatic
... Americas and the Caribbean, with over 30 countries currently affected. There is strong evidence that infection with Zika virus is the cause of a serious birth condition called microcephaly. Zika virus infection has also been linked with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Zika virus is primarily spread through ...
... Americas and the Caribbean, with over 30 countries currently affected. There is strong evidence that infection with Zika virus is the cause of a serious birth condition called microcephaly. Zika virus infection has also been linked with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Zika virus is primarily spread through ...
List of DNIRs - UNSW Research Gateway
... resultant GMO culture, more than 25 litres of that culture, other than a dealing mentioned in paragraph 2.1 (f); (m) a dealing that is inconsistent with a policy principle issued by the Ministerial Council; (n) a dealing involving the intentional introduction of a GMO into a human being, unless the ...
... resultant GMO culture, more than 25 litres of that culture, other than a dealing mentioned in paragraph 2.1 (f); (m) a dealing that is inconsistent with a policy principle issued by the Ministerial Council; (n) a dealing involving the intentional introduction of a GMO into a human being, unless the ...
Influenza Pandemic Plan Chapter 5
... general population has little or no immunity. The disease spreads easily person-toperson, causing serious illness. It can sweep across the country and around the world in a very short period of time. Vaccines may be limited or completely absent at the beginning of a pandemic. It is difficult to pred ...
... general population has little or no immunity. The disease spreads easily person-toperson, causing serious illness. It can sweep across the country and around the world in a very short period of time. Vaccines may be limited or completely absent at the beginning of a pandemic. It is difficult to pred ...
Experimental studies of ploidy evolution in yeast
... response to changes in the selective environment. It is a common assumption in conservation biology that a more heterozygous population faces a brighter future because of greater adaptability, but the correlation between heterozygosity and fitness is generally weak and inconsistent [15] and no such r ...
... response to changes in the selective environment. It is a common assumption in conservation biology that a more heterozygous population faces a brighter future because of greater adaptability, but the correlation between heterozygosity and fitness is generally weak and inconsistent [15] and no such r ...
Effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy
... his/her specific constant variation around the group means. Intra-class correlation (ICC) for each outcome of interest was calculated to quantify the variability in the observed data due to individual child. Longitudinal analyses were performed using mixed models to examine differences in CD4 cell c ...
... his/her specific constant variation around the group means. Intra-class correlation (ICC) for each outcome of interest was calculated to quantify the variability in the observed data due to individual child. Longitudinal analyses were performed using mixed models to examine differences in CD4 cell c ...
3. Biological method (experimental infection)
... Laboratory diagnosis: Laboratory confirmation of diphtheria is necessary for the initiation of control measures and for epidemiological purposes but not for the treatment of individual cases. Specific treatment should be instituted immediately on suspicion of diphtheria without waiting for laborator ...
... Laboratory diagnosis: Laboratory confirmation of diphtheria is necessary for the initiation of control measures and for epidemiological purposes but not for the treatment of individual cases. Specific treatment should be instituted immediately on suspicion of diphtheria without waiting for laborator ...
L20PositiveNegativeBalancing
... In addition to negative selection, changes of the population can also be prevented by balancing selection, which, however, keeps the population variable. One form of balancing selection is the direct dependence of fitnesses of genotypes on allele frequencies, with rare genotypes having an advantage ...
... In addition to negative selection, changes of the population can also be prevented by balancing selection, which, however, keeps the population variable. One form of balancing selection is the direct dependence of fitnesses of genotypes on allele frequencies, with rare genotypes having an advantage ...
The Parasitic Wasp`s Secret Weapon
... his caterpillar will never become a moth. It lurks deep in the foliage of a tasty tomato plant, hidden from predators, but its enemy has found it anyway. In search of a nanny for her offspring, the parasitic wasp has homed in on the distinctive scent of her lepidopteran victim and its lunch. Now the ...
... his caterpillar will never become a moth. It lurks deep in the foliage of a tasty tomato plant, hidden from predators, but its enemy has found it anyway. In search of a nanny for her offspring, the parasitic wasp has homed in on the distinctive scent of her lepidopteran victim and its lunch. Now the ...
Wolbachia: Evolutionary novelty in a rickettsial bacteria | SpringerLink
... Wolbachia taxa converge upon the same topology, with good resolution of major branches (Figure 1). Different tree building algorithms (maximum likelihood, parsimony) likewise yield similar topologies. A phylogeny derived from amino acid sequences of GroEL proteins is consistent with the phylogeny in ...
... Wolbachia taxa converge upon the same topology, with good resolution of major branches (Figure 1). Different tree building algorithms (maximum likelihood, parsimony) likewise yield similar topologies. A phylogeny derived from amino acid sequences of GroEL proteins is consistent with the phylogeny in ...
Antoine Lepillier, Nicolas Danchin, Elie Mousseaux and Alban
... Classic histological analyses showed, according to the Dallas criteria, a lymphocytic myocarditis with plurifocal lesions along with inflammation and necrosis of the His bundle, which explained the complete AV block (Figure 4F). Molecular detection of the major common cardiotropic viruses, including ...
... Classic histological analyses showed, according to the Dallas criteria, a lymphocytic myocarditis with plurifocal lesions along with inflammation and necrosis of the His bundle, which explained the complete AV block (Figure 4F). Molecular detection of the major common cardiotropic viruses, including ...
WHO Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines and Antivirals during Influenza Pandemics
... global health emergencies during the last century. The first and most severe of these is estimated to have resulted in more than 40-50 million deaths worldwide1 . Experts anticipate that the next pandemic, whenever it happens, will be associated with a high death toll and a high degree of illness re ...
... global health emergencies during the last century. The first and most severe of these is estimated to have resulted in more than 40-50 million deaths worldwide1 . Experts anticipate that the next pandemic, whenever it happens, will be associated with a high death toll and a high degree of illness re ...
Phage–bacteria infection networks
... do these patterns signal ecological and evolutionary drivers or could they have resulted by chance? We provide a description of how to estimate nestedness and modularity in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. In Box 2, we describe how the statistical significance of these patterns is calculated so as to ...
... do these patterns signal ecological and evolutionary drivers or could they have resulted by chance? We provide a description of how to estimate nestedness and modularity in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. In Box 2, we describe how the statistical significance of these patterns is calculated so as to ...
Infectious Disease Review
... The new generation of sequencing technology1,2 is an extraordinary powerful set of tools that is opening the door to improved diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.3,4 Whole-genome nextgeneration sequencing can both detect and identify infections agents in one assay without any prior knowle ...
... The new generation of sequencing technology1,2 is an extraordinary powerful set of tools that is opening the door to improved diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.3,4 Whole-genome nextgeneration sequencing can both detect and identify infections agents in one assay without any prior knowle ...
Program and Abstracts of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference
... The International Society For Antiviral Research (ISAR) The Society was organized in 1987 as a non‐profit scientific organization for the purpose of advancing and disseminating knowledge in all areas of antiviral research. To achieve this objective, the Society organizes an annual meeting. The So ...
... The International Society For Antiviral Research (ISAR) The Society was organized in 1987 as a non‐profit scientific organization for the purpose of advancing and disseminating knowledge in all areas of antiviral research. To achieve this objective, the Society organizes an annual meeting. The So ...
Maine EMS Medivax EMS Influenza Vaccination Program
... It is important to differentiate other, more common, nonallergic clinical syndromes from anaphylactic vaccine reactions. Vasovagal reactions with pallor, bradycardia, weakness, dizziness, and brief syncope may occur five to 15 minutes after vaccination. These reactions occur more often in adolescent ...
... It is important to differentiate other, more common, nonallergic clinical syndromes from anaphylactic vaccine reactions. Vasovagal reactions with pallor, bradycardia, weakness, dizziness, and brief syncope may occur five to 15 minutes after vaccination. These reactions occur more often in adolescent ...
Mutation Accumulation in Populations of Varying Size
... unlikely to be as important for population fitness since they will be eradicated by selection or be effectively selectively neutral, respectively. Mutations of small effect are inherently difficult to study. Nonetheless, there is growing evidence for the existence of an L-shaped or similar distribut ...
... unlikely to be as important for population fitness since they will be eradicated by selection or be effectively selectively neutral, respectively. Mutations of small effect are inherently difficult to study. Nonetheless, there is growing evidence for the existence of an L-shaped or similar distribut ...
Shore crabs were collected from the intertidal zone at eight sites
... crabs reveal three main clusters: females from the Dee and Clyde are most similar and form a cluster with those from the Mersey. This cluster then joins with another, comprising of females from Arisaig, Appin and the Forth. Tyne and Tees females were most distinct in terms of their morphology (Figur ...
... crabs reveal three main clusters: females from the Dee and Clyde are most similar and form a cluster with those from the Mersey. This cluster then joins with another, comprising of females from Arisaig, Appin and the Forth. Tyne and Tees females were most distinct in terms of their morphology (Figur ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.