1 - bioRxiv
... 2004). Social interactions between individuals of the same species, size affects the fate of mutations, the outcome of an adaptive whether competitive, spiteful or altruistic, as well as interspedynamics process can change in small populations. Claessen cific interactions, such as interactions betwe ...
... 2004). Social interactions between individuals of the same species, size affects the fate of mutations, the outcome of an adaptive whether competitive, spiteful or altruistic, as well as interspedynamics process can change in small populations. Claessen cific interactions, such as interactions betwe ...
Rates of Spontaneous Mutation
... lytic RNA viruses, a retrovirus or retrotransposon chromosome replicates precisely three times per infective cycle. Transcription by the host RNA polymerase produces an RNA genome. Reverse transcriptase then catalyzes two replications to generate a DNA-based chromosome that integrates into the host ...
... lytic RNA viruses, a retrovirus or retrotransposon chromosome replicates precisely three times per infective cycle. Transcription by the host RNA polymerase produces an RNA genome. Reverse transcriptase then catalyzes two replications to generate a DNA-based chromosome that integrates into the host ...
Genetic Allee effects and their interaction with ecological
... composition and growth rate of a population change over time, but we need to keep in mind that all results will be relative to the genetic composition of the source population. We focus on one important candidate mechanism for genetic Allee effects: inbreeding depression due to recessive deleterious ...
... composition and growth rate of a population change over time, but we need to keep in mind that all results will be relative to the genetic composition of the source population. We focus on one important candidate mechanism for genetic Allee effects: inbreeding depression due to recessive deleterious ...
abstracts - EpiSouth
... International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance 2009 building have resulted in the development of diagnostic laboratories and in the improvement of scientific know-how in the field of diagnostic virology. It is known that the animal reservoir (including arthropods) is the source of the m ...
... International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance 2009 building have resulted in the development of diagnostic laboratories and in the improvement of scientific know-how in the field of diagnostic virology. It is known that the animal reservoir (including arthropods) is the source of the m ...
A Unified Approach to the Evolutionary Consequences of Genetic
... values that occur during transmission from parent to offspring (henceforth termed “reproductive transmission”), reflecting the transmission rules for the factor in question (table 1). The term E(bDg b) is the fecundity-weighted expected change from parent to offspring in the genetic component. Thus, ...
... values that occur during transmission from parent to offspring (henceforth termed “reproductive transmission”), reflecting the transmission rules for the factor in question (table 1). The term E(bDg b) is the fecundity-weighted expected change from parent to offspring in the genetic component. Thus, ...
Figure Captions - Blackwell Publishing
... frequency of a alleles is 10/24. Any given A has a frequency of 14/24 and will encounter another A with probability of 14/24 or an a with the probability of 10/24. This makes the frequency of an A–A collision (14/24)2 and an A–a collision (14/24)(10/24), just as the probability of two independent ev ...
... frequency of a alleles is 10/24. Any given A has a frequency of 14/24 and will encounter another A with probability of 14/24 or an a with the probability of 10/24. This makes the frequency of an A–A collision (14/24)2 and an A–a collision (14/24)(10/24), just as the probability of two independent ev ...
Reprint
... Nongenetic Inheritance and Evolution heart morphology can be transmitted over many generations via RNA-based inheritance (Rassoulzadegan et al. 2006; Cuzin et al. 2008; Wagner et al. 2008). Such mechanisms can mediate effects of parental genotype on offspring phenotype (Nelson et al. 2010; Yazbek e ...
... Nongenetic Inheritance and Evolution heart morphology can be transmitted over many generations via RNA-based inheritance (Rassoulzadegan et al. 2006; Cuzin et al. 2008; Wagner et al. 2008). Such mechanisms can mediate effects of parental genotype on offspring phenotype (Nelson et al. 2010; Yazbek e ...
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster
... A mutation is an adaptively non-directed change in the genomic sequence of an individual, and mutations in the DNA molecule are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Once a new variant appears by mutation in the DNA it can be replicated and transmitted from generation to generation. Gel electrop ...
... A mutation is an adaptively non-directed change in the genomic sequence of an individual, and mutations in the DNA molecule are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Once a new variant appears by mutation in the DNA it can be replicated and transmitted from generation to generation. Gel electrop ...
Inferring Host Gene Subnetworks Involved in Viral
... genes whose products are involved in viral replication. The hit sets identified by such experiments are typically fairly large and difficult to comprehend. We propose a method to infer subnetworks of intracellular interactions that explain the experimental data. These inferred subnetworks make the d ...
... genes whose products are involved in viral replication. The hit sets identified by such experiments are typically fairly large and difficult to comprehend. We propose a method to infer subnetworks of intracellular interactions that explain the experimental data. These inferred subnetworks make the d ...
A Control Theoretic Approach to HIV/AIDS Drug Dosage Design and
... The first part of this research focuses on the application of control system analytical tools to HIV/AIDS models. The intention is to gain some insights into the HIV infection dynamics from a control theoretic perspective. The issues that need to be addressed are: Persistent virus replication under ...
... The first part of this research focuses on the application of control system analytical tools to HIV/AIDS models. The intention is to gain some insights into the HIV infection dynamics from a control theoretic perspective. The issues that need to be addressed are: Persistent virus replication under ...
Rhinovirus and Asthma
... in LTRA vs placebo, but no difference in rescue medication or hospitalization2 • One study with no difference in asthma ...
... in LTRA vs placebo, but no difference in rescue medication or hospitalization2 • One study with no difference in asthma ...
Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, as a potential biological vector of
... dead workers and bee brood, because small hive beetles may be also scavengers of honeybees. Moreover, the beetles also eat pollen (Ellis et al., 2002a), wax and other food resources (Buchholz et al., 2008) which can be contaminated with viruses. This could lead to further possible viral contaminatio ...
... dead workers and bee brood, because small hive beetles may be also scavengers of honeybees. Moreover, the beetles also eat pollen (Ellis et al., 2002a), wax and other food resources (Buchholz et al., 2008) which can be contaminated with viruses. This could lead to further possible viral contaminatio ...
pplacer: linear time maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic
... tool for the evolutionary analysis of sequence data. It has well-developed statistical foundations for inference [14,15], tests for uncertainty estimation [16], and sophisticated evolutionary models [17,18]. In contrast to distance-based methods, likelihood-based methods can use both low and high va ...
... tool for the evolutionary analysis of sequence data. It has well-developed statistical foundations for inference [14,15], tests for uncertainty estimation [16], and sophisticated evolutionary models [17,18]. In contrast to distance-based methods, likelihood-based methods can use both low and high va ...
1. Introduction - International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene
... Although a range of intervention studies have been carried out assessing the impact of hand hygiene and household water treatment on disease rates, by contrast relatively few studies have been carried out to assess the impact of other hygiene procedures such as surface hygiene, cleaning cloth hygie ...
... Although a range of intervention studies have been carried out assessing the impact of hand hygiene and household water treatment on disease rates, by contrast relatively few studies have been carried out to assess the impact of other hygiene procedures such as surface hygiene, cleaning cloth hygie ...
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment
... Residents of any age of nursing homes or other long-term care institutions NOTE. Although sufficient data do not exist to precisely define the extent of increased risk of influenza in these different groups of patients, there are data to suggest that the highest risk of both mortality and serious mo ...
... Residents of any age of nursing homes or other long-term care institutions NOTE. Although sufficient data do not exist to precisely define the extent of increased risk of influenza in these different groups of patients, there are data to suggest that the highest risk of both mortality and serious mo ...
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis,
... Outpatient immunocompetent persons of any age at high risk of developing complications of influenza (e.g., hospitalization or death) presenting with acute febrile respiratory symptoms, within 5 days after illness onset, when virus is usually being shed Outpatient immunocompromised persons of any age ...
... Outpatient immunocompetent persons of any age at high risk of developing complications of influenza (e.g., hospitalization or death) presenting with acute febrile respiratory symptoms, within 5 days after illness onset, when virus is usually being shed Outpatient immunocompromised persons of any age ...
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis,
... Residents of any age of nursing homes or other long-term care institutions NOTE. Although sufficient data do not exist to precisely define the extent of increased risk of influenza in these different groups of patients, there are data to suggest that the highest risk of both mortality and serious mo ...
... Residents of any age of nursing homes or other long-term care institutions NOTE. Although sufficient data do not exist to precisely define the extent of increased risk of influenza in these different groups of patients, there are data to suggest that the highest risk of both mortality and serious mo ...
1 - F
... BIOL2007 - INBREEDING AND NEUTRAL EVOLUTION Tutorial work due on Fri 25 Jan by 4:30 pm Put in “BIOL2007 Hand-in box” in Wolfson House office ...
... BIOL2007 - INBREEDING AND NEUTRAL EVOLUTION Tutorial work due on Fri 25 Jan by 4:30 pm Put in “BIOL2007 Hand-in box” in Wolfson House office ...
Mutation - FSU Biology
... variation, and genetic variation is absolutely necessary for any sort of evolution to proceed (Wayne & Miyamoto, Ch. 2 of this volume). These two facts should make the study of mutation the foundation of evolutionary genetics. Unfortunately, this is very far from the case. Both the processes of muta ...
... variation, and genetic variation is absolutely necessary for any sort of evolution to proceed (Wayne & Miyamoto, Ch. 2 of this volume). These two facts should make the study of mutation the foundation of evolutionary genetics. Unfortunately, this is very far from the case. Both the processes of muta ...
Predictions of Patterns of Response to Artificial Selection
... and frequencies induced by natural selection. In natural populations we have assumed that the variation maintained is not affected by linkage among the mutant genes because all mutants are deleterious and are assumed to be eliminated, with none of large effect reaching high frequency (Bulmer 1989; T ...
... and frequencies induced by natural selection. In natural populations we have assumed that the variation maintained is not affected by linkage among the mutant genes because all mutants are deleterious and are assumed to be eliminated, with none of large effect reaching high frequency (Bulmer 1989; T ...
Effects of the Ordering of Natural Selection and Population
... life cycle where the next generation is randomly sampled with replacement from an effectively ...
... life cycle where the next generation is randomly sampled with replacement from an effectively ...
User`s Manual - Mendel`s Accountant
... 2. The second basic parameter is the average number of new mutations per individual. In humans, this number is believed to be approximately 100. The mutation rate can be adjusted to be proportional to the size of the functional genome. Thus if only 10% of the human genome actually functions (assumin ...
... 2. The second basic parameter is the average number of new mutations per individual. In humans, this number is believed to be approximately 100. The mutation rate can be adjusted to be proportional to the size of the functional genome. Thus if only 10% of the human genome actually functions (assumin ...
The population genetics of mutations: good, bad and indifferent
... provide an overview as a basis for the in-depth treatments that follow. We outline some of the theories that serve as the quantitative basis for more applied questions and have been developed with the main aims of: (i) measuring the rates at which different types of mutations occur in nature, (ii) p ...
... provide an overview as a basis for the in-depth treatments that follow. We outline some of the theories that serve as the quantitative basis for more applied questions and have been developed with the main aims of: (i) measuring the rates at which different types of mutations occur in nature, (ii) p ...
Sequencing
... Coalescent theory allows a root to be inferred that is consistently placed at nodes representing domestic dog sequences, whereas sequences recovered from other species were localized at the end of rabies virus transmission chains, suggesting transmission from domestic dogs to other species. This stu ...
... Coalescent theory allows a root to be inferred that is consistently placed at nodes representing domestic dog sequences, whereas sequences recovered from other species were localized at the end of rabies virus transmission chains, suggesting transmission from domestic dogs to other species. This stu ...
Infectious Mononucleosis
... excrete high levels of EBV in their saliva in the year after the onset of infectious mononucleosis, but special precautions against transmission of EBV are not necessary, since most people are EBVseropositive. The majority of reported splenic ruptures, a widely feared complication of infectious mono ...
... excrete high levels of EBV in their saliva in the year after the onset of infectious mononucleosis, but special precautions against transmission of EBV are not necessary, since most people are EBVseropositive. The majority of reported splenic ruptures, a widely feared complication of infectious mono ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.