Population Genetics A Concise Guide - IB-USP
... states of populations are compatible with this behavior. Early in the history of population genetics, certain models exhibited dynamics that were of such obvious universal importance that thefact that they could not be directly verified in a natural setting seemed unimportant. There is no better exa ...
... states of populations are compatible with this behavior. Early in the history of population genetics, certain models exhibited dynamics that were of such obvious universal importance that thefact that they could not be directly verified in a natural setting seemed unimportant. There is no better exa ...
the mutation matrix and the evolution of evolvability
... mutation. The M-matrix is the most important genetic parameter affecting evolvability, so the extent to which M evolves and responds to selection will provide direct insights into the evolution of evolvability. Our second goal is to determine how an evolving pattern of pleiotropic mutation might aff ...
... mutation. The M-matrix is the most important genetic parameter affecting evolvability, so the extent to which M evolves and responds to selection will provide direct insights into the evolution of evolvability. Our second goal is to determine how an evolving pattern of pleiotropic mutation might aff ...
LONG TERM CARE - Pandemic Plan
... Pandemic influenza has been identified as a specific hazard that could imminently disrupt the operations of the long term care (LTC) centre, the health care system and society. It is a possible emergency situation for which appropriate planning is required to ensure all staff are equipped with the k ...
... Pandemic influenza has been identified as a specific hazard that could imminently disrupt the operations of the long term care (LTC) centre, the health care system and society. It is a possible emergency situation for which appropriate planning is required to ensure all staff are equipped with the k ...
Evolution of stepping-stone dispersal rates.
... have a non-trivial low mutation limit. Thus, we may expect to obtain an approximation for the ES dispersal rate at the in¢nite number of demes and low mutation limit which will be robust to these two assumptions. Moreover, a result more speci¢c to the present model is also made clear by this formula ...
... have a non-trivial low mutation limit. Thus, we may expect to obtain an approximation for the ES dispersal rate at the in¢nite number of demes and low mutation limit which will be robust to these two assumptions. Moreover, a result more speci¢c to the present model is also made clear by this formula ...
Epistasis in Polygenic Traits and the Evolution of Genetic
... 0003-0147/2003/16105-020143$15.00. All rights reserved. ...
... 0003-0147/2003/16105-020143$15.00. All rights reserved. ...
P.O. Box 144345 Austin, TX 78714
... elderberry anthocyanins into both membrane and cytosol, affording significantly enhanced resistance to reactive oxygen species, especially against H2O2-induced loss of cell viability. "[I]t is likely that supplementing with elderberry extracts containing anthocyanins provides significant antioxidant ...
... elderberry anthocyanins into both membrane and cytosol, affording significantly enhanced resistance to reactive oxygen species, especially against H2O2-induced loss of cell viability. "[I]t is likely that supplementing with elderberry extracts containing anthocyanins provides significant antioxidant ...
Nurs870_AcuteCondition_Presentation
... Chest/Lungs: Bacterial or viral meningitis may be secondary infections. Primary infection may originate in the lungs so they should be assessed for signs of bacterial pneumonia or viral infection. GI: Assess for nausea and or vomiting which is common especially with viral meningitis GU: 85% of patie ...
... Chest/Lungs: Bacterial or viral meningitis may be secondary infections. Primary infection may originate in the lungs so they should be assessed for signs of bacterial pneumonia or viral infection. GI: Assess for nausea and or vomiting which is common especially with viral meningitis GU: 85% of patie ...
Transmission Based Precautions
... Transmission Based Precautions should be implemented based on available clinical knowledge, while awaiting actual identification of the causative agent and should be continued either for the duration of illness or while still a risk of transmission. The duration that transmission based precautions s ...
... Transmission Based Precautions should be implemented based on available clinical knowledge, while awaiting actual identification of the causative agent and should be continued either for the duration of illness or while still a risk of transmission. The duration that transmission based precautions s ...
January/October 2009: Volume 37, Number 1 (PDF: 799KB/32 pages)
... and Escherichia coli O157:H7, and invasive pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis) are related, and potentially associated with a common source. Testing of submitted isolates also allows detection and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, which continues to be an important problem. Table 2 summa ...
... and Escherichia coli O157:H7, and invasive pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis) are related, and potentially associated with a common source. Testing of submitted isolates also allows detection and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, which continues to be an important problem. Table 2 summa ...
MULTILOCUS MODELS OF SYMPATRIC SPECIATION: BUSH VERSUS RICE VERSUS FELSENSTEIN J D. F
... with alleles conferring preference for that host (Diehl and Bush 1989). This is because, by affecting whether an individual chooses a host to which it is relatively well adapted, host preference interacts with the trait under diversifying selection to determine fitness. An attractive feature of the ...
... with alleles conferring preference for that host (Diehl and Bush 1989). This is because, by affecting whether an individual chooses a host to which it is relatively well adapted, host preference interacts with the trait under diversifying selection to determine fitness. An attractive feature of the ...
WHO Regional Office for Europe guidance for sentinel influenza
... surveillance data collection, analysis and reporting. For Member States with existing primary care or outpatient respiratory disease surveillance, the suggested expansion to include systematic collection of viruses and epidemiological data on hospitalized respiratory disease will help to establis ...
... surveillance data collection, analysis and reporting. For Member States with existing primary care or outpatient respiratory disease surveillance, the suggested expansion to include systematic collection of viruses and epidemiological data on hospitalized respiratory disease will help to establis ...
1 The evolution of heritable symbionts
... advances in molecular biology have provided new tools for symbiosis research and stimulated new investigations of many symbiont systems that were described many years ago but were previously difficult to investigate in detail. The term 'symbiosis' in its most general (and original) sense refers to t ...
... advances in molecular biology have provided new tools for symbiosis research and stimulated new investigations of many symbiont systems that were described many years ago but were previously difficult to investigate in detail. The term 'symbiosis' in its most general (and original) sense refers to t ...
Appendix C. Pathogen Characteristics 1
... injection infections have been reported following illegal drug use (heroin) (ProMED mail 2010). ...
... injection infections have been reported following illegal drug use (heroin) (ProMED mail 2010). ...
Action plan for the health sector response to viral
... European Region are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and more than 15 million with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This is the first Action plan for the health sector response to viral hepatitis in the WHO European Region. It is aligned with both the 2030 Agenda for S ...
... European Region are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and more than 15 million with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This is the first Action plan for the health sector response to viral hepatitis in the WHO European Region. It is aligned with both the 2030 Agenda for S ...
THE MONTHLY CHANGING OF THE LOWEST POPULATION
... The mature particle of the dengue virus is spherical with a diameter of 50 nm containing multiple copies of the three structural proteins, a host derived membrane bilayer and a single copy of a positive sense, single stranded RNA genome. The genome is cleaved by host and viral proteases in three str ...
... The mature particle of the dengue virus is spherical with a diameter of 50 nm containing multiple copies of the three structural proteins, a host derived membrane bilayer and a single copy of a positive sense, single stranded RNA genome. The genome is cleaved by host and viral proteases in three str ...
HIV and AIDS
... HIV is unable to reproduce outside its living host. Although HIV has been transmitted between family members in a household setting, this type of transmission is very rare. These transmissions are believed to have resulted from contact between mucous membranes and infected blood; therefore, it does ...
... HIV is unable to reproduce outside its living host. Although HIV has been transmitted between family members in a household setting, this type of transmission is very rare. These transmissions are believed to have resulted from contact between mucous membranes and infected blood; therefore, it does ...
hepatitis b
... According to the WHO estimates, hepatitis B kills 1.3 to 1.5 million children and adults worldwide each year. Identification of the Hepatitis B Virus Some form of viral hepatitis has been infecting humans and harming their livers since 2000 B.C. Until World War II, doctors did not even know that sev ...
... According to the WHO estimates, hepatitis B kills 1.3 to 1.5 million children and adults worldwide each year. Identification of the Hepatitis B Virus Some form of viral hepatitis has been infecting humans and harming their livers since 2000 B.C. Until World War II, doctors did not even know that sev ...
2009 H1N1 Influenza General Talking Points
... H1N1 is of special concern because the groups at highest risk for serious illness are different from the high-risk groups for seasonal flu: o Older adults appear to be at lower risk than other groups for becoming ill with 2009 H1N1 – although it can still cause severe illness in this group. They are ...
... H1N1 is of special concern because the groups at highest risk for serious illness are different from the high-risk groups for seasonal flu: o Older adults appear to be at lower risk than other groups for becoming ill with 2009 H1N1 – although it can still cause severe illness in this group. They are ...
Guidance on Antiviral Drug Use during an Influenza Pandemic
... Although pandemic severity could be greater or less than experienced in 1918, extrapolation from this pandemic provides a historical basis for preparedness for a severe pandemic. As pandemic severity will be unknown at the time preparedness and stockpiling occur, planning for a severe pandemic assur ...
... Although pandemic severity could be greater or less than experienced in 1918, extrapolation from this pandemic provides a historical basis for preparedness for a severe pandemic. As pandemic severity will be unknown at the time preparedness and stockpiling occur, planning for a severe pandemic assur ...
HIV in Pregnancy : a review
... two thirds of the infected adults and over 90% of the world’s children with HIV in Africa. The face of the epidemic is changing as the increasing rate of infection in South East Asia now accounts for an increasing proportion of new cases. In Africa south-of-the-Sahara, HIV-1-related disease is likel ...
... two thirds of the infected adults and over 90% of the world’s children with HIV in Africa. The face of the epidemic is changing as the increasing rate of infection in South East Asia now accounts for an increasing proportion of new cases. In Africa south-of-the-Sahara, HIV-1-related disease is likel ...
Characterization of bovine viral diarrhea viruses by their interactions
... Ether and chloroform sensitivities of BYD viruses have also been reported by other workers (17» 18, 22). A single contrary finding that the Oregon C24V strain of BVD viruses Is ether-stable was reported by Taylor et §d. (19). On the basis of size, lack of hemadsorption, and ether stability, these au ...
... Ether and chloroform sensitivities of BYD viruses have also been reported by other workers (17» 18, 22). A single contrary finding that the Oregon C24V strain of BVD viruses Is ether-stable was reported by Taylor et §d. (19). On the basis of size, lack of hemadsorption, and ether stability, these au ...
Feline Leukaemia (2012 edition) Virus Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV
... et al., 1979). Frequently, the development of viraemia as well as established viraemia may be overcome by a functioning immune system (transient viraemia) (Lutz et al., 1980a). Such cats (so-called “regressor” cats) are generally not at risk of developing disease. In a multicat household without co ...
... et al., 1979). Frequently, the development of viraemia as well as established viraemia may be overcome by a functioning immune system (transient viraemia) (Lutz et al., 1980a). Such cats (so-called “regressor” cats) are generally not at risk of developing disease. In a multicat household without co ...
Report Broad and Narrow Heritabilities of Quantitative Traits in a
... there are any QTLs that follow a strictly additive model. It is, in fact, possible to have a high additive variance even when all loci follow a dominant model. Most important, when the influence of genetics on a trait is considered, the additive variance, although usually the major factor, is not al ...
... there are any QTLs that follow a strictly additive model. It is, in fact, possible to have a high additive variance even when all loci follow a dominant model. Most important, when the influence of genetics on a trait is considered, the additive variance, although usually the major factor, is not al ...
Session 1. The Basics of HIV and AIDS
... objects. This form of transmission may occur through blood transfusion (the estimated risk of infection from a single unit of HIV-infected whole blood is over 90 percent) and the sharing of needles among infected intravenous or injecting drug users. Health workers have become infected with HIV throu ...
... objects. This form of transmission may occur through blood transfusion (the estimated risk of infection from a single unit of HIV-infected whole blood is over 90 percent) and the sharing of needles among infected intravenous or injecting drug users. Health workers have become infected with HIV throu ...
Preventing Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV
... Care of the pregnant woman......................................................................... 4 Antenatal care ............................................................................................... 4 The HIV test ........................................................................ ...
... Care of the pregnant woman......................................................................... 4 Antenatal care ............................................................................................... 4 The HIV test ........................................................................ ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.