Egocentric Ethics - Psychology of Belief and Judgment
... et al., in press a, Study 2). In another study, participants were asked by an experimental confederate to move objects around a vertical grid (Keysar et al., 2000). Some of the objects could be seen only by the participant, whereas others could be seen by both the participant and the confederate. On ...
... et al., in press a, Study 2). In another study, participants were asked by an experimental confederate to move objects around a vertical grid (Keysar et al., 2000). Some of the objects could be seen only by the participant, whereas others could be seen by both the participant and the confederate. On ...
Ch. 6 S. 2 Operant Conditioning
... need to do when they are learning how to do things such as boot up a computer or start a car. In order for the behavior to be reinforced, however, people need to know whether they have made the correct response. If the computer does not turn on or the car lurches and stalls, the learner will probabl ...
... need to do when they are learning how to do things such as boot up a computer or start a car. In order for the behavior to be reinforced, however, people need to know whether they have made the correct response. If the computer does not turn on or the car lurches and stalls, the learner will probabl ...
Ch. 6 S. 2 Operant Conditioning
... need to do when they are learning how to do things such as boot up a computer or start a car. In order for the behavior to be reinforced, however, people need to know whether they have made the correct response. If the computer does not turn on or the car lurches and stalls, the learner will probabl ...
... need to do when they are learning how to do things such as boot up a computer or start a car. In order for the behavior to be reinforced, however, people need to know whether they have made the correct response. If the computer does not turn on or the car lurches and stalls, the learner will probabl ...
So good it has to be true: Wishful thinking in
... Results and Discussion Comparison of Dual and Many Condition As evident in Figure 3b, participants showed no sensitivity to the magnitude of the value of the outcome. We therefore combined $5 and $50 into one positive-value categorical variable and -$5 and -$50 into a negative-value categorical vari ...
... Results and Discussion Comparison of Dual and Many Condition As evident in Figure 3b, participants showed no sensitivity to the magnitude of the value of the outcome. We therefore combined $5 and $50 into one positive-value categorical variable and -$5 and -$50 into a negative-value categorical vari ...
Effects of Coping Skills Training on Generalized Self
... Subjects completed a pretreatment and posttreatment assessment battery of outcome measures consisting of Sarason's (1978) Test Anxiety Scale (TAS), the Trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970), the Internal-External (I-E) Scale (Rotter, 1966), and ...
... Subjects completed a pretreatment and posttreatment assessment battery of outcome measures consisting of Sarason's (1978) Test Anxiety Scale (TAS), the Trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970), the Internal-External (I-E) Scale (Rotter, 1966), and ...
The First-Person Perspective: A Test for Naturalism
... which can be meaningfully attributed to non humans, and the second which probably can not. Weak first person perspective ...
... which can be meaningfully attributed to non humans, and the second which probably can not. Weak first person perspective ...
Ch. 6 S. 2
... People, of course, can simply be told what they need to do when they are learning how to do things such as boot up a computer or start a car. In order for the behavior to be reinforced, however, people need to know whether they have made the ________________ response. If the computer does not turn o ...
... People, of course, can simply be told what they need to do when they are learning how to do things such as boot up a computer or start a car. In order for the behavior to be reinforced, however, people need to know whether they have made the ________________ response. If the computer does not turn o ...
TARGET ARTICLE The Law of Cognitive Structure Activation
... Recent psychological research has provided abundant evidence that when a stimulus is ambiguous enough to be encodable as an instance of multiple cognitive structures (e.g., constructs, scripts, events, or specific objects) the stimulus will be encoded as an instance of the structure that is the most ...
... Recent psychological research has provided abundant evidence that when a stimulus is ambiguous enough to be encodable as an instance of multiple cognitive structures (e.g., constructs, scripts, events, or specific objects) the stimulus will be encoded as an instance of the structure that is the most ...
paper - Cave Hill Campus
... explaining how a person would respond under different situational factors. Of the five kinds of experiments cited in favor of the fragmentation theory, Webber (2006) argues that two should be discounted. The first are the mood experiments since it has been pointed out that repetitions of these exper ...
... explaining how a person would respond under different situational factors. Of the five kinds of experiments cited in favor of the fragmentation theory, Webber (2006) argues that two should be discounted. The first are the mood experiments since it has been pointed out that repetitions of these exper ...
No harm, no foul: The outcome bias in ethical judgments Working
... While prior research on the effects of outcome information has focused on judgments about decision quality, evaluations of the individual making the decision (e.g., her competence), and attributions of blame and responsibility as the main dependent variables, our primary focus is on ethical judgment ...
... While prior research on the effects of outcome information has focused on judgments about decision quality, evaluations of the individual making the decision (e.g., her competence), and attributions of blame and responsibility as the main dependent variables, our primary focus is on ethical judgment ...
Chapter 16
... • Result? Those paid $1 experienced greater cognitive dissonance, & therefore changed their attitude more than those paid $20. ...
... • Result? Those paid $1 experienced greater cognitive dissonance, & therefore changed their attitude more than those paid $20. ...
PDF-1 - RUcore - Rutgers University
... of religions that might be best explained by looking to other, established features of human cognitive processes. ToM has been invoked to explain two of these features: 1) many religions are dualistic, positing some type of immaterial soul or spirit separate from the body, and 2) gods are seen as ha ...
... of religions that might be best explained by looking to other, established features of human cognitive processes. ToM has been invoked to explain two of these features: 1) many religions are dualistic, positing some type of immaterial soul or spirit separate from the body, and 2) gods are seen as ha ...
A Critical Review of Question-behavior Effect Research
... Asking questions is the most common way of assessing an individual’s internal states and predicting future behavior in social science research. In academic and applied settings, people are often asked to evaluate a particular object, issue, or organization, and to report their past and future behav ...
... Asking questions is the most common way of assessing an individual’s internal states and predicting future behavior in social science research. In academic and applied settings, people are often asked to evaluate a particular object, issue, or organization, and to report their past and future behav ...
Pavlovian Contingencies and Temporal Information
... Apparatus. The experimental chambers were six standard Lehigh Valley Electronics (Laurel, MD) pigeon conditioning chambers. Each chamber was 30 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 34 cm high. An aluminum wall of the chamber had three response keys, each 2.5 cm in diameter and mounted 25 cm above a mesh floor. ...
... Apparatus. The experimental chambers were six standard Lehigh Valley Electronics (Laurel, MD) pigeon conditioning chambers. Each chamber was 30 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 34 cm high. An aluminum wall of the chamber had three response keys, each 2.5 cm in diameter and mounted 25 cm above a mesh floor. ...
Losing our religion - Faculty Directory | Berkeley-Haas
... fundamental attribution error (the tendency for people to be too quick to jump to conclusions about the personalities of others even when plausible situational explanations for others’ conduct exist), belief perseverance (the tendency for people to be too slow to adjust their prior impressions in re ...
... fundamental attribution error (the tendency for people to be too quick to jump to conclusions about the personalities of others even when plausible situational explanations for others’ conduct exist), belief perseverance (the tendency for people to be too slow to adjust their prior impressions in re ...
Self-Interest, Automaticity, and the Psychology of Conflict of
... commensurately limited. Studies show that when mental capacity is constrained because people are under cognitive load, it is harder for them to engage in reflection and correction of automatic judgments (Gilbert et al., 1988a,b; Gilbert, Krull, and Malone, 1990). Similar effects have also been shown ...
... commensurately limited. Studies show that when mental capacity is constrained because people are under cognitive load, it is harder for them to engage in reflection and correction of automatic judgments (Gilbert et al., 1988a,b; Gilbert, Krull, and Malone, 1990). Similar effects have also been shown ...
The Evolution of Psychodynamic Mechanisms
... careful regulation imply that they serve significant functions; (d) the behaviors they ...
... careful regulation imply that they serve significant functions; (d) the behaviors they ...
American Denial Discussion Guide
... Herskovits was dedicated to exploring questions of African American identity and in that capacity, had hoped to be tapped by the Carnegie Corporation to lead its massive study on Jim Crow racism. Instead, “an outsider” — Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal — was chosen. Myrdal’s research identified a ke ...
... Herskovits was dedicated to exploring questions of African American identity and in that capacity, had hoped to be tapped by the Carnegie Corporation to lead its massive study on Jim Crow racism. Instead, “an outsider” — Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal — was chosen. Myrdal’s research identified a ke ...
Economic Profits Enhance Trust, Perceived Integrity and
... benefits from the behaviors of others. We conducted a reward-manipulated and repeated trust game by using real participants interacting with moving image partners on a computer screen. The participants assessed likability, trustworthiness, and perceived integrity of the partners in pre- and post-gam ...
... benefits from the behaviors of others. We conducted a reward-manipulated and repeated trust game by using real participants interacting with moving image partners on a computer screen. The participants assessed likability, trustworthiness, and perceived integrity of the partners in pre- and post-gam ...
XIV*—MORAL PHILOSOPHY MEETS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
... thinking tends to hypothesise a corresponding distinctive characteristic of the agent and tends to overlook the relevant details of the agent’s perceived situation.1 Because of this tendency, folk social psychology and more specifically folk morality are subject to what Ross (1977) calls ‘the fundam ...
... thinking tends to hypothesise a corresponding distinctive characteristic of the agent and tends to overlook the relevant details of the agent’s perceived situation.1 Because of this tendency, folk social psychology and more specifically folk morality are subject to what Ross (1977) calls ‘the fundam ...
Government Regulation of Irrationality: Moral and Cognitive Hazards
... third party intervenes to protect those interests.12 Such intervention may be justified on grounds that the paternalism advances efficiency, personal integrity, or sound judgment.13 For simplicity’s sake we focus here on the goal of the new paternalism to correct inefficiencies associated with syste ...
... third party intervenes to protect those interests.12 Such intervention may be justified on grounds that the paternalism advances efficiency, personal integrity, or sound judgment.13 For simplicity’s sake we focus here on the goal of the new paternalism to correct inefficiencies associated with syste ...
The Role of Evaluative Conditioning in Attitude Formation
... phenomena that fit into the definition of EC. Given these different accounts, however, it might be plausible to assume that more than one process could be involved in the formation of preferences. In fact, there are phenomena like the spreadingattitude effect (Walther, 2002) or US revaluation (Walth ...
... phenomena that fit into the definition of EC. Given these different accounts, however, it might be plausible to assume that more than one process could be involved in the formation of preferences. In fact, there are phenomena like the spreadingattitude effect (Walther, 2002) or US revaluation (Walth ...
Person perception in the heat of conflict: Negative trait attributions
... high emotionality (Morris et al., 1999). These attributions have a clear relevance to what can be expected of a person in various dispute resolution procedures. Perceivers who’ve judged their counterpart to be stubborn and emotional are unlikely to feel optimistic about informal bargaining; rather, ...
... high emotionality (Morris et al., 1999). These attributions have a clear relevance to what can be expected of a person in various dispute resolution procedures. Perceivers who’ve judged their counterpart to be stubborn and emotional are unlikely to feel optimistic about informal bargaining; rather, ...
Introspection illusion
The introspection illusion is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly think they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating others' introspections as unreliable. In certain situations, this illusion leads people to make confident but false explanations of their own behavior (called ""causal theories"") or inaccurate predictions of their future mental states.The illusion has been examined in psychological experiments, and suggested as a basis for biases in how people compare themselves to others. These experiments have been interpreted as suggesting that, rather than offering direct access to the processes underlying mental states, introspection is a process of construction and inference, much as people indirectly infer others' mental states from their behavior.When people mistake unreliable introspection for genuine self-knowledge, the result can be an illusion of superiority over other people, for example when each person thinks they are less biased and less conformist than the rest of the group. Even when experimental subjects are provided with reports of other subjects' introspections, in as detailed a form as possible, they still rate those other introspections as unreliable while treating their own as reliable. Although the hypothesis of an introspection illusion informs some psychological research, the existing evidence is arguably inadequate to decide how reliable introspection is in normal circumstances. Correction for the bias may be possible through education about the bias and its unconscious nature.