ch.12 monday
... Philip G. Zimbardo Phil Zimbardo (b.1933) grew up in an immigrant family in a poor neighborhood in the South Bronx, an experience that sensitized him to the power of situational influences and the destructive nature of stereotypes and prejudice (Zimbardo, 2005, 2007). Much of Zimbardo’s research ha ...
... Philip G. Zimbardo Phil Zimbardo (b.1933) grew up in an immigrant family in a poor neighborhood in the South Bronx, an experience that sensitized him to the power of situational influences and the destructive nature of stereotypes and prejudice (Zimbardo, 2005, 2007). Much of Zimbardo’s research ha ...
strategic self-presentation can undermine expectancy confirmation.
... What seems to be missing in our understanding of ...
... What seems to be missing in our understanding of ...
The Effect of Attitudinal Ambivalence on Numerical Anchoring
... balanced the mixture of positive and negative reactions and the more reactions there are on both sides, the higher the ambivalence. Direct measures typically ask people about their subjective sense of how mixed or conflicted they feel (Priester & Petty, 1996). To the extent that this “felt ambivalen ...
... balanced the mixture of positive and negative reactions and the more reactions there are on both sides, the higher the ambivalence. Direct measures typically ask people about their subjective sense of how mixed or conflicted they feel (Priester & Petty, 1996). To the extent that this “felt ambivalen ...
EFFECTS OF EPISTEMIC AND TELEOLOGIC ATTITUDE CHANGE
... getting out and doing something to change the external environment, but it has been shown to create change in attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. How long do the results of such cognitive restructuring last? Are the new attitudes, intentions, and behaviors that are arrived at purely through cognit ...
... getting out and doing something to change the external environment, but it has been shown to create change in attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. How long do the results of such cognitive restructuring last? Are the new attitudes, intentions, and behaviors that are arrived at purely through cognit ...
ATTITUDE CHANGE Persuasion and Social Influence
... Higgins 1996, Higgins 1981, Ruscher & Duval 1998). Extended effects can occur when the initial motivated judgment is retrieved in new settings or when the information on which the judgment was based is retrieved, given that the motivated processing yielded a biased representation of the original inf ...
... Higgins 1996, Higgins 1981, Ruscher & Duval 1998). Extended effects can occur when the initial motivated judgment is retrieved in new settings or when the information on which the judgment was based is retrieved, given that the motivated processing yielded a biased representation of the original inf ...
- NDLScholarship
... factors can make it more likely that good people will do bad things.2 Because attorneys are as vulnerable to these heuristics, biases, and pressures as anyone (and sometimes more so3), behavioral ethics and 1. Lisa L. Shu et al., Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disenga ...
... factors can make it more likely that good people will do bad things.2 Because attorneys are as vulnerable to these heuristics, biases, and pressures as anyone (and sometimes more so3), behavioral ethics and 1. Lisa L. Shu et al., Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disenga ...
Are ``implicit`` attitudes unconscious?
... As outlined above, there are at least three different aspects of an attitude that could be unconscious (see Fig. 1). First, an individual may or may not be consciously aware of the causal origin of a given attitude (source awareness). Second, an individual may or may not be consciously aware of the a ...
... As outlined above, there are at least three different aspects of an attitude that could be unconscious (see Fig. 1). First, an individual may or may not be consciously aware of the causal origin of a given attitude (source awareness). Second, an individual may or may not be consciously aware of the a ...
Self-Compassion and Self-Monitoring as Moderators of Cognitive
... Brannon, Tagler, and Eagly’s (2007) research on attitude strength and cognitive dissonance offers an explanation as to why some people do not experience cognitive dissonance. People who have strong attitudes tend to seek out attitudinally consistent information and resist being exposed to counter-at ...
... Brannon, Tagler, and Eagly’s (2007) research on attitude strength and cognitive dissonance offers an explanation as to why some people do not experience cognitive dissonance. People who have strong attitudes tend to seek out attitudinally consistent information and resist being exposed to counter-at ...
B. Devine, et al. Br..
... Many Southerners have confessed to me, for instance, that even though in their minds they no longer feel prejudice toward Blacks, they still feel squeamish when they shake hands with a Black. These feelings are left over from what they learned in their families as children. (Pettigrew, quoted in Gol ...
... Many Southerners have confessed to me, for instance, that even though in their minds they no longer feel prejudice toward Blacks, they still feel squeamish when they shake hands with a Black. These feelings are left over from what they learned in their families as children. (Pettigrew, quoted in Gol ...
Implementation Implementation Intentions I
... to perform regular breast examinations or cervical cancer screening and to resume activity after joint replacement surgery were all found to be more readily acted upon by individuals who previously had formed implementation intentions. However, many health goals (e.g., eating a healthy diet, regular ...
... to perform regular breast examinations or cervical cancer screening and to resume activity after joint replacement surgery were all found to be more readily acted upon by individuals who previously had formed implementation intentions. However, many health goals (e.g., eating a healthy diet, regular ...
Prejudice Against Fat People: Ideology and Self-Interest
... Another area of criticism has been the conceptualization of self-interest (see Sears & Funk, 1991). Kinder and Sears (1981) defined self-interest in terms of having children potentially subject to busing; they assumed that it is always against parents' self-interest to have their children bused. Cra ...
... Another area of criticism has been the conceptualization of self-interest (see Sears & Funk, 1991). Kinder and Sears (1981) defined self-interest in terms of having children potentially subject to busing; they assumed that it is always against parents' self-interest to have their children bused. Cra ...
Why implicit attitudes are (probably) not beliefs
... toward elderly drivers. These researchers seem to hypothesize that implicit attitudes are sensitive to certain linguistic tokens (“Arabs”, “bad drivers”), but insensitive to the logical form of thoughts as a whole, and, specifically, insensitive to the logical constituents of the content (e.g., the ...
... toward elderly drivers. These researchers seem to hypothesize that implicit attitudes are sensitive to certain linguistic tokens (“Arabs”, “bad drivers”), but insensitive to the logical form of thoughts as a whole, and, specifically, insensitive to the logical constituents of the content (e.g., the ...
Science of Equality.indd
... to show respect to the parents by mainly addressing them. The visit is fairly short; it doesn’t seem like much has changed for the boy. As they leave, the doctor sees the boy smile at the nurse. She is a little surprised. He seemed distant, or at least shy, with her. As the boy and his mother leave ...
... to show respect to the parents by mainly addressing them. The visit is fairly short; it doesn’t seem like much has changed for the boy. As they leave, the doctor sees the boy smile at the nurse. She is a little surprised. He seemed distant, or at least shy, with her. As the boy and his mother leave ...
Egocentrism and Automatic Perspective Taking in
... judgments about the avatar’s perspective, the same series of experiments provided evidence that the avatar’s perspective itself was being calculated in a relatively automatic manner. One signature of an automatic process is that it may be executed even when this interferes with successful performanc ...
... judgments about the avatar’s perspective, the same series of experiments provided evidence that the avatar’s perspective itself was being calculated in a relatively automatic manner. One signature of an automatic process is that it may be executed even when this interferes with successful performanc ...
Running Head: THE POT CALLING THE KETTLE BLACK
... the criteria for judging what is right or wrong and thus lets people engage in dishonest behavior with little (if any) awareness of the violation of their ethics codes. Ethical Dissonance and Cognitive Dissonance Throughout the paper, we use the term ethical dissonance to refer to the inconsistency ...
... the criteria for judging what is right or wrong and thus lets people engage in dishonest behavior with little (if any) awareness of the violation of their ethics codes. Ethical Dissonance and Cognitive Dissonance Throughout the paper, we use the term ethical dissonance to refer to the inconsistency ...
Course Outline
... What do psychologists study? What are the methods of investigation in psychology? How do psychologists apply their findings to contribute to human welfare? How is psychology used to ease the problems of troubled people? How does the brain work, and what causes it not to work as expected? ...
... What do psychologists study? What are the methods of investigation in psychology? How do psychologists apply their findings to contribute to human welfare? How is psychology used to ease the problems of troubled people? How does the brain work, and what causes it not to work as expected? ...
Reacting to an Assumed Situation vs. Conforming
... is enough to explain an actor’s behavior satisfactorily: you may understand why your colleague is taking this position, but still wonder why she needed to sell out to such an extent. To observers, responses to situational forces often seem out of proportion with the amount of pressure, because it is ...
... is enough to explain an actor’s behavior satisfactorily: you may understand why your colleague is taking this position, but still wonder why she needed to sell out to such an extent. To observers, responses to situational forces often seem out of proportion with the amount of pressure, because it is ...
The Pot Calling the Kettle Black: Distancing Response to Ethical
... imbalance and allow the person to reestablish the validity of his or her initial set of central self-relevant beliefs (Abelson, 1959; Sherman & Gorkin, 1980). For example, following the experience of dissonance between their feminist attitudes and performance implying sexism, participants tended to ...
... imbalance and allow the person to reestablish the validity of his or her initial set of central self-relevant beliefs (Abelson, 1959; Sherman & Gorkin, 1980). For example, following the experience of dissonance between their feminist attitudes and performance implying sexism, participants tended to ...
The Stigma of Mental Illness
... diagnosis may also work as a cue, including a nonspecific label. In many cases, it does not matter what the diagnosis is as long as it involves a mental and not a physical aspect of a person; the diagnosis itself works as a cue (Corrigan, 2004). Other research shows that some psychiatric diagnoses w ...
... diagnosis may also work as a cue, including a nonspecific label. In many cases, it does not matter what the diagnosis is as long as it involves a mental and not a physical aspect of a person; the diagnosis itself works as a cue (Corrigan, 2004). Other research shows that some psychiatric diagnoses w ...
About Altruism
... our reputation, or simply the good feeling that comes from appearing to act unselfishly. As Kant and Freud observed, people’s true motives may be hidden, even (or perhaps especially) from themselves: even if we think we are acting solely to further another person’s good, that might not be the real r ...
... our reputation, or simply the good feeling that comes from appearing to act unselfishly. As Kant and Freud observed, people’s true motives may be hidden, even (or perhaps especially) from themselves: even if we think we are acting solely to further another person’s good, that might not be the real r ...
Political Polarization Projection - University of California, Santa
... world differently. . . . However, these same partisans may attribute such construal differences to the biasing effects on others (but not, of course, on themselves) of ideology or self-interest. In other words, individuals may feel that whereas they themselves have proceeded from available evidence ...
... world differently. . . . However, these same partisans may attribute such construal differences to the biasing effects on others (but not, of course, on themselves) of ideology or self-interest. In other words, individuals may feel that whereas they themselves have proceeded from available evidence ...
The relationship between confidence and accuracy
... (Keren, 1987; Koriat, Lichtenstein, & Fischhoff, 1980; Stephenson, 1984; Stephenson et al., 1983). Many researchers who have questioned individual’s memory for general knowledge have found a strong CA relationship (Barclay & Wellman, 1986; Perfect, 2004; Schneider & Laurion, 1993; Tomassini et al., ...
... (Keren, 1987; Koriat, Lichtenstein, & Fischhoff, 1980; Stephenson, 1984; Stephenson et al., 1983). Many researchers who have questioned individual’s memory for general knowledge have found a strong CA relationship (Barclay & Wellman, 1986; Perfect, 2004; Schneider & Laurion, 1993; Tomassini et al., ...
doc BANDWAGON EFFECT SAMPLE PAPER
... forest. Currently, the advances in information technology and social networks have made it easier to control people in the society by forming different types of trends. One significant example is in politics. However, the trend is prevalent in all aspects of people's lives and normally individuals a ...
... forest. Currently, the advances in information technology and social networks have made it easier to control people in the society by forming different types of trends. One significant example is in politics. However, the trend is prevalent in all aspects of people's lives and normally individuals a ...
Belief and Feeling: Evidence for an Accessibility Model
... nor retrieved. For example, one can remember the fact that riding a roller coaster involved a thrilling sense of free fall, but one cannot retrieve that (or any other) actual experience from the ride. Indeed, if one could truly store and replay the actual experience of riding a roller coaster, there ...
... nor retrieved. For example, one can remember the fact that riding a roller coaster involved a thrilling sense of free fall, but one cannot retrieve that (or any other) actual experience from the ride. Indeed, if one could truly store and replay the actual experience of riding a roller coaster, there ...
Introspection illusion
The introspection illusion is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly think they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating others' introspections as unreliable. In certain situations, this illusion leads people to make confident but false explanations of their own behavior (called ""causal theories"") or inaccurate predictions of their future mental states.The illusion has been examined in psychological experiments, and suggested as a basis for biases in how people compare themselves to others. These experiments have been interpreted as suggesting that, rather than offering direct access to the processes underlying mental states, introspection is a process of construction and inference, much as people indirectly infer others' mental states from their behavior.When people mistake unreliable introspection for genuine self-knowledge, the result can be an illusion of superiority over other people, for example when each person thinks they are less biased and less conformist than the rest of the group. Even when experimental subjects are provided with reports of other subjects' introspections, in as detailed a form as possible, they still rate those other introspections as unreliable while treating their own as reliable. Although the hypothesis of an introspection illusion informs some psychological research, the existing evidence is arguably inadequate to decide how reliable introspection is in normal circumstances. Correction for the bias may be possible through education about the bias and its unconscious nature.