Elaboration and Attitude Strength
... from the extent of elaboration (A) to attitude strength consequences (D), which can be explained by the perceptions individuals form of their own processing (B) and the influence of these perceptions on attitude strength dimensions (C) (see Figure 1). The growing evidence surrounding attitude certain ...
... from the extent of elaboration (A) to attitude strength consequences (D), which can be explained by the perceptions individuals form of their own processing (B) and the influence of these perceptions on attitude strength dimensions (C) (see Figure 1). The growing evidence surrounding attitude certain ...
An alternative perspective on biofeedback
... appears to be no basis for the claim by many clinicians that awareness of the feedback-relevant response is necessary to achieve self-control over the response . . . . [I]n fact, the weight of the evidence to date indicates that nonawareness produces results equal to or better than awareness" (p. 7) ...
... appears to be no basis for the claim by many clinicians that awareness of the feedback-relevant response is necessary to achieve self-control over the response . . . . [I]n fact, the weight of the evidence to date indicates that nonawareness produces results equal to or better than awareness" (p. 7) ...
Stigma as Related to Mental Disorders
... Individuals with mental illness receive harsh stigmatization, resulting in decreased life opportunities and a loss of independent functioning over and above the impairments related to mental disorders themselves. We begin our review with a multidisciplinary discussion of mechanisms underlying the st ...
... Individuals with mental illness receive harsh stigmatization, resulting in decreased life opportunities and a loss of independent functioning over and above the impairments related to mental disorders themselves. We begin our review with a multidisciplinary discussion of mechanisms underlying the st ...
Attitude Accessibility as a Determinant of Object Construal and
... simply being exposed to the category label multiple times). Participants were later given the target word (e.g., yogurt) and told to use it as a memory cue to recall the earlier words. Those categories towards which participants’ attitudes were made more accessible were more likely to be recalled. T ...
... simply being exposed to the category label multiple times). Participants were later given the target word (e.g., yogurt) and told to use it as a memory cue to recall the earlier words. Those categories towards which participants’ attitudes were made more accessible were more likely to be recalled. T ...
Cognitive Dissonance Theory - Social Emotive Neuroscience Lab
... Whereas Festinger’s dissonance theory posited that individuals are motivated to reconcile inconsistent cognitions, Steele proposed that, instead, individuals are merely motivated to affirm the integrity of the self. In support of this idea, Steele presented experiments, where, following a dissonance ...
... Whereas Festinger’s dissonance theory posited that individuals are motivated to reconcile inconsistent cognitions, Steele proposed that, instead, individuals are merely motivated to affirm the integrity of the self. In support of this idea, Steele presented experiments, where, following a dissonance ...
Secure and Defensive High Self
... Self-theorists have recently begun exploring the possibility that self-evaluations can affect behavior in a nondeclarative, automatic manner (e.g., Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). In contrast to explicit SE—the conscious and deliberately reasoned evaluations of self that are elicited by self-report scale ...
... Self-theorists have recently begun exploring the possibility that self-evaluations can affect behavior in a nondeclarative, automatic manner (e.g., Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). In contrast to explicit SE—the conscious and deliberately reasoned evaluations of self that are elicited by self-report scale ...
Who Needs Cream and Sugar When There Is "Eco-Friendly" Coffee
... coffee before they tasted. The participants preferred the taste of, and were willing to pay more for, the ‘‘eco-friendly’’ coffee, at least those who scored high on a questionnaire on attitudes toward sustainable consumer behavior (Experiment 1). High sustainability consumers were also willing to pa ...
... coffee before they tasted. The participants preferred the taste of, and were willing to pay more for, the ‘‘eco-friendly’’ coffee, at least those who scored high on a questionnaire on attitudes toward sustainable consumer behavior (Experiment 1). High sustainability consumers were also willing to pa ...
The consumer as advocate: Self-relevance, culture, and word
... familiar with?” If subjects mentioned any brands other than the target brand, the confederate would further ask if they had heard of the target brand. Because some of the products were relatively common, and therefore generally well-known to consumers (e.g., Tide laundry detergent), there was some c ...
... familiar with?” If subjects mentioned any brands other than the target brand, the confederate would further ask if they had heard of the target brand. Because some of the products were relatively common, and therefore generally well-known to consumers (e.g., Tide laundry detergent), there was some c ...
The (In)egalitarian Self: On the Motivated Rejection of Implicit Racial
... Smedley, Stuth, & Nelson, 2003; Lai, Marini, Lehr, Cerruti, Shun, Joy-Gaba et al., 2015). Nevertheless, this work has not considered the extent to which additional psychological obstacles may undermine the effective implementation of these interventions. For example, many White Americans, even those ...
... Smedley, Stuth, & Nelson, 2003; Lai, Marini, Lehr, Cerruti, Shun, Joy-Gaba et al., 2015). Nevertheless, this work has not considered the extent to which additional psychological obstacles may undermine the effective implementation of these interventions. For example, many White Americans, even those ...
What`s Next? Judging Sequences of Binary Events
... Dacey, & Sawicki, 2008), and to assign subjective probabilities to future outcomes (Kahneman & Tversky, 1972; McClelland & Hackenberg, 1978). Participants were usually instructed to imagine a series of fair coin tosses to illustrate the concept of randomness, although other random mechanisms such as ...
... Dacey, & Sawicki, 2008), and to assign subjective probabilities to future outcomes (Kahneman & Tversky, 1972; McClelland & Hackenberg, 1978). Participants were usually instructed to imagine a series of fair coin tosses to illustrate the concept of randomness, although other random mechanisms such as ...
Attitudes and Attitude Change - UCSB Department of Sociology
... To measure attitudes, researchers have long been using self-report scales, which directly ask a respondent to evaluate an attitude object by checking a numeric response on single or multiple items (see Himmelfarb 1993). Until recently, such explicit attitude scales were by far the most popular measu ...
... To measure attitudes, researchers have long been using self-report scales, which directly ask a respondent to evaluate an attitude object by checking a numeric response on single or multiple items (see Himmelfarb 1993). Until recently, such explicit attitude scales were by far the most popular measu ...
attituDE iMPortaNcE aND attituDE-rElEVaNt KNoWlEDgE
... who are highly motivated to protect themselves against disease. Similarly, individuals who lack the motivation to protect themselves are unlikely to use condoms, even if they possess all of the relevant abilities for doing so. Interventions that increase one but not both of these factors, then, are ...
... who are highly motivated to protect themselves against disease. Similarly, individuals who lack the motivation to protect themselves are unlikely to use condoms, even if they possess all of the relevant abilities for doing so. Interventions that increase one but not both of these factors, then, are ...
Increasing the Effectiveness of Communications to Consumers
... focusing on two routes to persuasion: a relatively thoughtful route in which people focus on scrutiny of the issue-relevant information presented (called the “central route”) and a less thoughtful route in which attitudes can be changed as a result of simple associations and cues (called the “periph ...
... focusing on two routes to persuasion: a relatively thoughtful route in which people focus on scrutiny of the issue-relevant information presented (called the “central route”) and a less thoughtful route in which attitudes can be changed as a result of simple associations and cues (called the “periph ...
Increasing the Effectiveness of Communications to Consumers
... focusing on two routes to persuasion: a relatively thoughtful route in which people focus on scrutiny of the issue-relevant information presented (called the “central route”) and a less thoughtful route in which attitudes can be changed as a result of simple associations and cues (called the “periph ...
... focusing on two routes to persuasion: a relatively thoughtful route in which people focus on scrutiny of the issue-relevant information presented (called the “central route”) and a less thoughtful route in which attitudes can be changed as a result of simple associations and cues (called the “periph ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... 1995). In Dweck and colleagues’ framework, endorsement of an incremental theory is reflected by rejection of an entity theory. Several studies have indicated that even for those who endorse an entity belief, there is a strong tendency to endorse items indicative of an incremental theory, suggesting ...
... 1995). In Dweck and colleagues’ framework, endorsement of an incremental theory is reflected by rejection of an entity theory. Several studies have indicated that even for those who endorse an entity belief, there is a strong tendency to endorse items indicative of an incremental theory, suggesting ...
RECIPROCITY OF LIKING Theoretical Explanations Experimental
... stranger is, the greater the impact that stranger’s liking has on participants’ reciprocated desire. That is, when we find out that an attractive person likes us, we are especially likely to reciprocate that liking. Finally, there is also evidence that likers (i.e., people who like others, in genera ...
... stranger is, the greater the impact that stranger’s liking has on participants’ reciprocated desire. That is, when we find out that an attractive person likes us, we are especially likely to reciprocate that liking. Finally, there is also evidence that likers (i.e., people who like others, in genera ...
Brandon Robert Brace Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Christopher Leone
... is not consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). People may also reinterpret information so that it is consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). Finally, people may generate information consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). Generally sp ...
... is not consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). People may also reinterpret information so that it is consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). Finally, people may generate information consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). Generally sp ...
Psychological Implications of Customer Participation in
... strangers to each other, are asked to work together on a specific task. Following the task, the subjects are given bogus success or failure feedback on the task. Subsequently, subjects are asked to provide confidential assessments of their own and their partner's contribution to the task outcome. Ca ...
... strangers to each other, are asked to work together on a specific task. Following the task, the subjects are given bogus success or failure feedback on the task. Subsequently, subjects are asked to provide confidential assessments of their own and their partner's contribution to the task outcome. Ca ...
Improving one`s choices by putting oneself in others` shoes
... for real. The question was also randomly selected. Decision makers’ own choices were implemented as they are. In case a prediction question was selected, a correct prediction was awarded €15. The subject who was selected to play for real was paid in private, when all other subjects had left the room ...
... for real. The question was also randomly selected. Decision makers’ own choices were implemented as they are. In case a prediction question was selected, a correct prediction was awarded €15. The subject who was selected to play for real was paid in private, when all other subjects had left the room ...
Wocity Relation: Satisfaction as a Function of the First
... On the velocity and negative velocity questions, significantly more subjects selected the fast-rise outcome than the slow-rise outcome (p < .01), and, symmetrically, significantly more chose the slow-fall outcome than the fast-fall outcome (p < .01). As noted earlier, this finding was obtained when ...
... On the velocity and negative velocity questions, significantly more subjects selected the fast-rise outcome than the slow-rise outcome (p < .01), and, symmetrically, significantly more chose the slow-fall outcome than the fast-fall outcome (p < .01). As noted earlier, this finding was obtained when ...
Effects of Involvement on Persuasion
... the operational definitions o f involvement have differed sufficiently to require that three types of involvement be distinguished at a conceptual level. As we demonstrate via a rectaanalytic review of the relevant studies, these three types of involvement have distinctively different effects on per ...
... the operational definitions o f involvement have differed sufficiently to require that three types of involvement be distinguished at a conceptual level. As we demonstrate via a rectaanalytic review of the relevant studies, these three types of involvement have distinctively different effects on per ...
Chapter 04 Individual Behavior and Differences
... 67. (p. 104) A person's intention to react toward someone or something in a certain way (friendly, warm, hostile) is a(n) ____________________ component of an attitude. ...
... 67. (p. 104) A person's intention to react toward someone or something in a certain way (friendly, warm, hostile) is a(n) ____________________ component of an attitude. ...
Priming in Advertising Studies
... The study of advertising includes a strong psychological aspect. Information processing and persuasion mechanisms are among the most popular topics in the field. Priming holds its own, rather noticeable place in exploring what makes advertising effective. The purposes of this article are: 1) to demo ...
... The study of advertising includes a strong psychological aspect. Information processing and persuasion mechanisms are among the most popular topics in the field. Priming holds its own, rather noticeable place in exploring what makes advertising effective. The purposes of this article are: 1) to demo ...
The Effects of “Fantasy Flights”
... Mortality salience manipulation typically consists of two openended questions pertaining to death: “Describe the feelings that the thought of your own death arouses in you”; and (b) Describe what you think will happen to you as you physically die and once you are ...
... Mortality salience manipulation typically consists of two openended questions pertaining to death: “Describe the feelings that the thought of your own death arouses in you”; and (b) Describe what you think will happen to you as you physically die and once you are ...
The Choice to Cycle 1 The choice to cycle:
... 2007; Titze, Stronegger, Janschitz & Oja, 2007). They do, however, provide a useful starting place for psychological research as they have identified both what factors are consciously considered and what factors are out of people's control that contribute to cycling and transport decisions, includin ...
... 2007; Titze, Stronegger, Janschitz & Oja, 2007). They do, however, provide a useful starting place for psychological research as they have identified both what factors are consciously considered and what factors are out of people's control that contribute to cycling and transport decisions, includin ...
Introspection illusion
The introspection illusion is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly think they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating others' introspections as unreliable. In certain situations, this illusion leads people to make confident but false explanations of their own behavior (called ""causal theories"") or inaccurate predictions of their future mental states.The illusion has been examined in psychological experiments, and suggested as a basis for biases in how people compare themselves to others. These experiments have been interpreted as suggesting that, rather than offering direct access to the processes underlying mental states, introspection is a process of construction and inference, much as people indirectly infer others' mental states from their behavior.When people mistake unreliable introspection for genuine self-knowledge, the result can be an illusion of superiority over other people, for example when each person thinks they are less biased and less conformist than the rest of the group. Even when experimental subjects are provided with reports of other subjects' introspections, in as detailed a form as possible, they still rate those other introspections as unreliable while treating their own as reliable. Although the hypothesis of an introspection illusion informs some psychological research, the existing evidence is arguably inadequate to decide how reliable introspection is in normal circumstances. Correction for the bias may be possible through education about the bias and its unconscious nature.