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I agree with all of these copyright terms

... justification via forced compliance, but those scoring high on this trait do not (Epstein, 1969). In Epstein's experiment, people were induced, with rather little justification, to write an essay that was contrary to their own attitudes. For those high on the trait of Machiavellianism, lying or writ ...
Chapter 8: Attitudes and Behavior
Chapter 8: Attitudes and Behavior

... provoked when actions are inconsistent with positive and important selfimages. 2. The individual must take personal responsibility for the action: Dissonance is only aroused when an internal attribution is made: if people can attribute their actions to external rewards or punishments, they will not ...
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance

... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance

... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance

... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
Study Guide 2
Study Guide 2

... Discuss social facilitation and social loafing. Describe the conditions under which the presence of others helps performance and the conditions under which the presence of others harms performance. ...
Robbins & Judge Organizational Behavior 13e
Robbins & Judge Organizational Behavior 13e

... Predicting Behavior from Attitudes – Important attitudes have a strong relationship to behavior. – The closer the match between attitude and behavior, the stronger the relationship: • Specific attitudes predict specific behavior • General attitudes predict general behavior – The more frequently exp ...
Ch3
Ch3

... Affective Component The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude. ...
7. Theory of change - The Darwin Initiative
7. Theory of change - The Darwin Initiative

... turn Inputs into Outputs ...
Public Opinion - WordPress.com
Public Opinion - WordPress.com

...  Another popular approach to motivating attitude change is the ELM. This model posits that there are essentially two ways that we make decisions and hence get persuaded: 1. When we are motivated and able to pay attention, we take a logical, conscious thinking, central route to decision-making. This ...
B&B 10e ppt
B&B 10e ppt

... Cognitive Dissonance – People are motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance and use the following strategies to do so (Aronson, 1968; Festinger, 1957). • Change attitudes or behavior to be consistent with each other • Acquire information that supports attitude or behavior • Engage in trivialization ...
Unit 13: Social Psychology
Unit 13: Social Psychology

... themselves "At least I am getting twenty dollars for saying this." However, many of the students who had only been paid one dollar for describing the task as interesting subsequently reported that the task really was somewhat interesting. Festinger inferred that these subjects could not justify lyin ...
Title Goes Here - Binus Repository
Title Goes Here - Binus Repository

... – Employees adopt attitudes and behaviors in response to the social cues provided by others (e.g., coworkers) with whom they have contact. – Employees’ perception of the characteristics of their jobs is as important as the actual characteristics of their jobs. ...
Attitudes and Perceptions - Leadership/Management/Administration
Attitudes and Perceptions - Leadership/Management/Administration

... “I don’t want to risk being injured”? One approach would be to challenge someone’s behavior by providing new information. As an example, explain to the other person how you made time in your day and, as a result, both your cholesterol level and blood pressure decreased. This is a cognitive approach ...
Motivation Concepts
Motivation Concepts

... – Goals can make employees focus on single standards and exclude changing conditions – for example, narrow focus on increasing share price ...
LO 18.2
LO 18.2

... Figure 19.2 Models of Attitude Formation Attitudes are formed by direct contact with the person, idea, situation, or object that is the focus of the attitude. Attitudes can also be learned through direct instruction and interaction with others. Vicarious or observational learning is observation of ...
Homework for the Week of February 16-20
Homework for the Week of February 16-20

...  Martin Luther King Jr.’s observation about laws combating prejudice – Something becomes law, then law becomes habit, and finally, habit becomes a matter of the heart (that is emotional). ...
Do Amnesics Exhibit Cognitive Dissonance
Do Amnesics Exhibit Cognitive Dissonance

... performance did not differ significantly between the two groups, t(21) ⫽ 0.86, p ⬍ .2, r ⫽ .25. The poor performance is probably attributable to the requirement that participants remember when or how often during the experiment they had encountered the critical pairs. Remembering such contextual inf ...
Measuring attitudes: scales
Measuring attitudes: scales

... scales. These consist of a series of standardized questions (or scale items) the person (or respondent) answers, often by means of a pen and paper questionnaire. Each scale item gives a numerical result depending on how the respondent answers, and the results of all the scale items can be combined t ...
PowerPoint Slide Set Westen Psychology 2e
PowerPoint Slide Set Westen Psychology 2e

... Correspondence bias: Tendency to assume internal causes for persons behavior, rather than external situations Self-serving bias: Tendency for a person to view themselves more positively than they deserve:  Person who sees a photograph of themselves may question how the camera could take a “bad pict ...
Liking and Loving: Interpersonal Attraction and the Development of
Liking and Loving: Interpersonal Attraction and the Development of

... of Cognitive Dissonance. Festinger viewed people as thinking individuals who need to have balance in their thoughts as well as their actions. This idea of balance is key to his theory of cognitive dissonance. Much research is still being conducted today in social psychology to answer some of the que ...
On the propositional nature of cognitive consistency
On the propositional nature of cognitive consistency

... behavior. However, the reduction of dissonance by attitude change is necessary only if people have no personal justification for their counterattitudinal behavior such as a high incentive or other situational forces (for an overview, see Harmon-Jones & Mills, 1999). Drawing on the recent distinction ...
Aggression - Cloudfront.net
Aggression - Cloudfront.net

... – Cognitive dissonance theory we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when 2 of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. EX: when our awareness of our attitudes & of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. ...
I`m a Hypocrite, but So Is Everyone Else: Group Support and the
I`m a Hypocrite, but So Is Everyone Else: Group Support and the

... confederate for the counterattitudinal behavior. Stroebe and Diehl argued that the presence of support acted as a consonant cognition for one’s own attitude-discrepant behavior, thereby reducing the need for dissonance reduction through attitude change. Stroebe and Diehl’s (1981) studies offer some ...
Social Psychology - IB-Psychology
Social Psychology - IB-Psychology

... Fundamental attribution error plays a role in: • Blaming the victim: The tendency to blame a victim of misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or not taking steps to avoid or prevent it. ...
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Self-perception theory

Self-perception theory (SPT) is an account of attitude formation developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes (when there is no previous attitude due to a lack of experience, etc.—and the emotional response is ambiguous) by observing their own behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused it. The theory is counterintuitive in nature, as the conventional wisdom is that attitudes determine behaviors. Furthermore, the theory suggests that people induce attitudes without accessing internal cognition and mood states. The person interprets their own overt behaviors rationally in the same way they attempt to explain others’ behaviors.
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