Characterization of the ATPase Activity of the Mr 170,000 to 180,000
... generally show cross-resistance to other antitumor agents (1). Reduced intracellular drug accumulation resulting from in creased active drug efflux across plasma membranes is an important factor in the mechanism of this pleiotropic drug resistance (2-5). However, the molecular mechanisms of this act ...
... generally show cross-resistance to other antitumor agents (1). Reduced intracellular drug accumulation resulting from in creased active drug efflux across plasma membranes is an important factor in the mechanism of this pleiotropic drug resistance (2-5). However, the molecular mechanisms of this act ...
1. This cartoon shows Complex I in the ETC, in its two alternative
... d. In the “empty egg” below, use dots or shading to predict the distribution of bicoid protein. 2pts NOTE: Concentration (dots) should be focused at anterior edge and lessen on a gradient to the posterior edge. Answers were largely correct or incorrect, but partial credit was possible if the dots we ...
... d. In the “empty egg” below, use dots or shading to predict the distribution of bicoid protein. 2pts NOTE: Concentration (dots) should be focused at anterior edge and lessen on a gradient to the posterior edge. Answers were largely correct or incorrect, but partial credit was possible if the dots we ...
2-Oxoacid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes
... consisting of multiple copies of three component enzymes : E1 (pyruvate decarboxylase), E2 (lipoate acetyl-transferase) and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, DHLipDH). Until now no PDHC activity has been found in the Archaea, although DHLipDH has been discovered in the extremely halophilic Archaea ...
... consisting of multiple copies of three component enzymes : E1 (pyruvate decarboxylase), E2 (lipoate acetyl-transferase) and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, DHLipDH). Until now no PDHC activity has been found in the Archaea, although DHLipDH has been discovered in the extremely halophilic Archaea ...
Protein translocation channel of mitochondrial inner
... subsequently imported into mitochondria. During the import process, most proteins need to cross both mitochondrial membranes. Many mitochondrial proteins are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane by a molecular machine called the TIM23 complex. The complex forms a channel in the inner ...
... subsequently imported into mitochondria. During the import process, most proteins need to cross both mitochondrial membranes. Many mitochondrial proteins are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane by a molecular machine called the TIM23 complex. The complex forms a channel in the inner ...
ENZYMES
... Products have a different shape from the substrate Once formed, they are released from the active site Enzyme is free to act on another substrate ...
... Products have a different shape from the substrate Once formed, they are released from the active site Enzyme is free to act on another substrate ...
Building the Tree of Life
... on the board, with an oval at the top containing Living Things. Beneath the title, write the word include. Then, draw three lines from that word to ovals containing the names of the domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Add linking words and ovals for the characteristics of each domain. Have stud ...
... on the board, with an oval at the top containing Living Things. Beneath the title, write the word include. Then, draw three lines from that word to ovals containing the names of the domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Add linking words and ovals for the characteristics of each domain. Have stud ...
An ADP/ATP-Specific Mitochondrial Carrier Protein
... Sites known to interact with CAT in B. taurus protein are indicated by +. Gray-shaded amino acids show sites of the PX(D/E)XX(K/R) motif, which are not fully conserved across all proteins. TM, transmembrane; IH, internal helix. ...
... Sites known to interact with CAT in B. taurus protein are indicated by +. Gray-shaded amino acids show sites of the PX(D/E)XX(K/R) motif, which are not fully conserved across all proteins. TM, transmembrane; IH, internal helix. ...
Role of cryo-ET in membrane bioenergetics research
... ATP synthase [13,14]. In addition, we have shown directly that ATP synthase dimers introduce sharp local membrane curvature in the cristae membranes [13,14]. ATP synthase dimer rows are mostly found on the tightly curved ridges of lamellar cristae. Disruption of the ATP synthase dimers in Saccharomy ...
... ATP synthase [13,14]. In addition, we have shown directly that ATP synthase dimers introduce sharp local membrane curvature in the cristae membranes [13,14]. ATP synthase dimer rows are mostly found on the tightly curved ridges of lamellar cristae. Disruption of the ATP synthase dimers in Saccharomy ...
Muscle contraction
... • Calcium release from the SR is from Ryanodine receptor channels (calcium sparks) by a redox process and Inositol triphosphate receptor channels by the second messenger inositol triphosphate. The intracellular calcium binds with calmodulin which then binds and activates myosin-light chain kinase. T ...
... • Calcium release from the SR is from Ryanodine receptor channels (calcium sparks) by a redox process and Inositol triphosphate receptor channels by the second messenger inositol triphosphate. The intracellular calcium binds with calmodulin which then binds and activates myosin-light chain kinase. T ...
Regulation of phospholipase D activity, membrane targeting and
... expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector and purified from the cytosolic fraction of these cells binds weakly to large unilamellar vesicles of pure PC. Binding is increased appreciably when acidic lipids are incorporated into these vesicles, with an additional specific increase in bindin ...
... expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector and purified from the cytosolic fraction of these cells binds weakly to large unilamellar vesicles of pure PC. Binding is increased appreciably when acidic lipids are incorporated into these vesicles, with an additional specific increase in bindin ...
Concept 8.4: Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers
... pathways were not tightly regulated • To regulate metabolic pathways, the cell switches on or off the genes that encode specific enzymes ...
... pathways were not tightly regulated • To regulate metabolic pathways, the cell switches on or off the genes that encode specific enzymes ...
Saito et al, 2009 - The EMBO Journal
... mammalian cells. The luminal portion of the TANGO1 protein is comprised of an SH3-like domain at its N-terminus followed by a coiled-coil domain; the cytoplasmic portion contains two coiled-coil domains and a PRD at the C-terminus. TANGO1 contains two closely spaced hydrophobic stretches: amino acid ...
... mammalian cells. The luminal portion of the TANGO1 protein is comprised of an SH3-like domain at its N-terminus followed by a coiled-coil domain; the cytoplasmic portion contains two coiled-coil domains and a PRD at the C-terminus. TANGO1 contains two closely spaced hydrophobic stretches: amino acid ...
CDPKs – a kinase for every Ca signal?
... is well characterized from animals and yeast, but only one putative representative is known in plants7. The plant CaMK is more similar in sequence to CCaMKs than to animal CaMKs, having an identical calmodulin-binding site, but lacking the C-terminal domain containing EF-hands (Fig. 1). The biochemi ...
... is well characterized from animals and yeast, but only one putative representative is known in plants7. The plant CaMK is more similar in sequence to CCaMKs than to animal CaMKs, having an identical calmodulin-binding site, but lacking the C-terminal domain containing EF-hands (Fig. 1). The biochemi ...
lysosomes, transport vesicles, plasma membrane
... B. endoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondria D. phospholipid bilayer cell membrane ...
... B. endoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondria D. phospholipid bilayer cell membrane ...
FYVE-dependent endosomal targeting of an arrestin-related
... different fates both during endocytic vesicle formation (exclusion vs internalization) and once they have been internalized (recycling or not), little is known about the sorting events in these early steps of endocytosis [14]. The Dictyostelium genome encodes six arrestinrelated proteins (AdcA to F) ...
... different fates both during endocytic vesicle formation (exclusion vs internalization) and once they have been internalized (recycling or not), little is known about the sorting events in these early steps of endocytosis [14]. The Dictyostelium genome encodes six arrestinrelated proteins (AdcA to F) ...
Subviral-Particle Biogenesis Hepatitis B Virus Small Surface
... allowed reduced but well-detectable formation of SVP containing both M and S derivatives (Fig. 2B, upper right panel), although the protein pattern was abnormal. We have no explanation for this behavior. Insertion of two alanines in the central position of TM1 in the M background (mutant M2), howeve ...
... allowed reduced but well-detectable formation of SVP containing both M and S derivatives (Fig. 2B, upper right panel), although the protein pattern was abnormal. We have no explanation for this behavior. Insertion of two alanines in the central position of TM1 in the M background (mutant M2), howeve ...
The structural biology of the amyloid precursor protein
... by the α- and β-secretase cleavages, respectively, are also very intriguing. In addition to several shared features and despite the fact that both shed ectodomain fragments differ by only 16 most likely unstructured amino acids residues at their C-terminus, largely different functions were also foun ...
... by the α- and β-secretase cleavages, respectively, are also very intriguing. In addition to several shared features and despite the fact that both shed ectodomain fragments differ by only 16 most likely unstructured amino acids residues at their C-terminus, largely different functions were also foun ...
digitalis - Circulation
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... Downloaded from http://circ.ahajournals.org/ by guest on June 18, 2017 ...
ENZYMES
... “Enzymes are the protein made biochemical that’s are synthesized, stored & released by/in/from exocrine gland of human body.” “Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of reaction by decreasing activation energy) chemical reactions without consumed in it.” “Enzyme are biological ...
... “Enzymes are the protein made biochemical that’s are synthesized, stored & released by/in/from exocrine gland of human body.” “Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of reaction by decreasing activation energy) chemical reactions without consumed in it.” “Enzyme are biological ...
-ATPases:
... of cation pumps that (a) form an aspartyl phosphate reaction cycle intermediate, (b) are inhibited by vanadate, and (c) share a common domain organization (12, 73, 80, 106). Other ATPases belonging to this family include the fungal plasma membrane H+-ATPases; the animal Na+/K+-ATPase; the gastric H+ ...
... of cation pumps that (a) form an aspartyl phosphate reaction cycle intermediate, (b) are inhibited by vanadate, and (c) share a common domain organization (12, 73, 80, 106). Other ATPases belonging to this family include the fungal plasma membrane H+-ATPases; the animal Na+/K+-ATPase; the gastric H+ ...
Chapter 14
... The Ca2+ pump is also powered by ATP hydrolysis. Ca2+ is transported out of the cell or into the ER lumen, so intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are extremely low. Transient, localized increases in intracellular Ca2+ are important in cell signaling (as in muscle contraction). ...
... The Ca2+ pump is also powered by ATP hydrolysis. Ca2+ is transported out of the cell or into the ER lumen, so intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are extremely low. Transient, localized increases in intracellular Ca2+ are important in cell signaling (as in muscle contraction). ...
Field Guide to Protein Folds
... The cyclin-box is an approximately 100-residue domain found in all cyclin and cyclin-like domains that acts as a generalized adaptor motif to recognize diverse proteins and DNAs that are involved in cell cycle and transcriptional regulation. It consists of five helices with a central helix (helix 3) ...
... The cyclin-box is an approximately 100-residue domain found in all cyclin and cyclin-like domains that acts as a generalized adaptor motif to recognize diverse proteins and DNAs that are involved in cell cycle and transcriptional regulation. It consists of five helices with a central helix (helix 3) ...
12 Insights into the mechanisms underlying CFTR channel activity
... Typically, the two NBDs of ABC proteins interact in a head‑to‑tail arrangement to form two nucleotide‑binding sites at their interface [16]. Although no structural data for a CFTR NBD1–NBD2 dimer exists, data from NBD1–NBD1 homodimeric crystal structures do suggest that the CFTR NBDs associate in th ...
... Typically, the two NBDs of ABC proteins interact in a head‑to‑tail arrangement to form two nucleotide‑binding sites at their interface [16]. Although no structural data for a CFTR NBD1–NBD2 dimer exists, data from NBD1–NBD1 homodimeric crystal structures do suggest that the CFTR NBDs associate in th ...
P-type ATPase
The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are α-helical bundle primary transporters referred to as P-type ATPases because they catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump. In addition, they all appear to interconvert between at least two different conformations, denoted by E1 and E2.Most members of this transporter family are specific for the pumping of a large array of cations, however one subfamily is involved in flipping phospholipids to maintain the asymmetric nature of the biomembrane.Prominent examples of P-type ATPases are the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase), the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase), the proton-potassium pump (H+,K+-ATPase), and the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase).